THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY PHAN PHU DUC TOPIC TITTLE: ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA IMPLEMENTATION IN NEW RURAL CONSTRUCTION IN TAN KIM COMMUNE, PHU BINH DISTRICT, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Training and Development Center Batch : 2010-2015 Thai Nguyen, 23/ 01/2015 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACH Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Bachelor of Environmental Science and Degree program Management Student name Phan Phu Duc Student ID DTN1053070018 Assessing environmental criteria implementation in new Thesis Title rural construction in Tan Kim commune, Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province Supervisor (s) Professor. Tran Ngoc Ngoan Abstract: The research purpose was to assess the implementation of environmental criteria and to propose solutions to accomplish such criteria in New Rural Construction in Tan Kim commune. The study indicated that: 100% of households used unhygienic water according criteria, mostly from open wells and only 23.5% of households used sanitary latrines. The environmental contamination by solid wastes presents serious problem that badly needs solution by local governments.
Several factors, such as policy mechanism, public awareness, people’s consciousness, and economic conditions of the locality and households, production and business activities affect the local environment. The present research proposed some solutions to overcome polluted situations, enhancing clean water supply and sanitary construction works in order to improve people’s life quality. Clean water, environmental criteria, environmental Keywords pollution Number of pages 52 Date of submission 23/01/2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I have taken efforts in this research. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations.
I would like to extend the sincer thanks to all of them. First and foremost, I wish to express my sincere thanks to the boards of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Laboratory and teachers of Faculty of Natural Resource and Faculty of Environment for providing me all the necessary facilities to complete this research. In particular, I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my principal research advisor Prof. Tran Ngoc Ngoan who guided me wholeheartedly when we implement this research.
Furthermore, I would also like to express my thanks for People’s Committee of Tan Kim Comme as well as the departments have dedicated help and create the best conditions for me to complete this research. Finally, a special thanks to our family, our friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this research within the limited time frame. Sincerely, Thai Nguyen, 23/01/2015 Student Phan Phu Duc TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………….2 LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………….3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………4 PART I. Research questions and hypothesis.
The basis for New Rural Reconstruction. The environmental situation in the world and Viet Nam. Current status of the rural environment in Vietnam. New rural and environmental criteria in Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen provinece.
Investigation methods, secondary data collection. Sampling method and sample analysis. Method of synthesis and data processing. The overviewof tan kim commune, phu binh district, thai nguyen province.
Social – economy conditions. Environment status of tan kim commune, phu binh district, thai nguyen province. Clean water supply. Environmental hygiene and the management of local authorities.
Awareness of people about environment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. The difficulties exist in the implementation of environmental criteria of the New Rural Reconstruction in Tan Kim commune, Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province.48 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………50 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4. Tan Kim commune.
Sources of drinking water of the people. The assessment of local people on water quality in Tan Kim. Comparison of Zn, NO3-, Fe, Mn with NTR. The utilization of water purification system in households in Tan Kim commune.
The situation of households used the sewer system. Sources supply informations about environment.43 2 LIST OF TABLES Table 3. Methods of analysis indicators. Results of food production, livestock, fisheries in 2010.
Sources of drinking water of the people. Quality of domestic water in Tan Kim. Results of the analysis sample wells. The utilization of water purification systems in Tan Kim.
The utilization of sewerage system. Receiving sewage place of local people. The latrine type in Tan Kim commune. Sources supply informations about environment .42 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CP Government CPPH National Political Publishing House MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MOH Ministry of Health MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment PCTK People Committee of Tan Kim commnune QD Dispatch TDS Total Dissolved Solids VNS Viet Nam Standard 4 PART I.
Research rationale Today, human are aspiring towards a goal of socio-economic development to significantly enhance the quality of life for people in the harmonious combination between material conditions and spiritual condition, between the high life and beautiful life, both safe and sustainable for everyone, for this generation and posterity forever. Vietnam's words: performing "rich people, strong country, social justice, democracy and civilization". To achieve this good goal, need to find the basic motivation of the development. As economist Adam Smit said: "Earth is the mother, the father is labor." Vietnam is known as a country with agriculture contributed 80% of the economy, the labor force concentrated in rural areas.
Specifically, there are more than 69, 4% of the population live in rural areas (nearly 61 million people, according to the Census of Population and Housing 2011). With the increasing pace of urbanization, the difference between income and life of living in urban areas and rural areas is increasing. Besides, the growth rate between different rural areas is not fair, especially in the mountainous areas. That led to the rise of environmental issues intertwined nature in many places, many areas has become pressing issues.
The reason mainly due to the improper use of fertilizers, plant protection agents, with the lack of awareness of environmental protection: discharge of domestic waste, indiscriminate breeding. These issues have been and will be a lasting impact on the ecosystem of agriculture and rural areas. 5 Tan Kim is a mountainous commune located at the North of Phu Binh district, with the natural area about 2,167. At the end of 2010, beginning of 2011, the population of Tan Kim commune about 7,146 people (PCTK 2012).
There is a favorable local investment for development. The socio-economy has experienced strong growth in recent years. However, along with the signs of environmental pollution, the untapped strengths effectively. An important question is how to exploit the advantages parallel with sustainable environmental protection in the commune? With these requirements, in recent years, Tan Kim undertook the “New Rural Reconstruction Programme” with 19 criteria according to the National criteria, to promote the economy development, improving material and spiritual life of people in rural areas, infrastructure socio-economic synchronize, appropriate forms of production, agricultural development associated with the development of industry and services, preserve the cultural identity, the ecological - environment protection, ensure the maintenance of security, order and social stability.
However, the performance criteria are met many obstacles, particularly the criteria 17th – environmental criteria. Derived from the actual requirements with the consenting and supporting of Professor. Tran Ngoc Ngoan, I conducted the topic: “Environment Status Assessment and Suggestions to achieve 17th criteria in National New Rural Reconstruction Programme of Tan Kim commune, Phu Binh district , Thai Nguyen Province” 1. Research’s objectives The research aims to determine the sources and levels of pollution from which set out the mitigation measurement follow the criteria 17th about environmental in the 6 National Criteria for the New Rural Reconstruction.
Specifically, the direction of topic will follow the goals: - To determine the sources and amount of waste; - To estimate the level of pollution; - To recommend solutions consistent with natural and economic conditions follow the criteria 17th. Research questions and hypothesis - Assessing the current situation, natural - economic - social of Tan Kim commune, Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province. - Evaluating the current status of environmental quality in Tan Kim, Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province. - Evaluating difficulties exist mainly in the process of implementing environmental criteria in the New Rural Reconstruction Programme in Tan Kim commune.
- Proposing measures to improve environmental quality and implement the environmental criteria in the New Rural Reconstruction Programme in Tan Kim commune. Limitations The topic that I chosen need a wide-range of knowledge and many supplying research, that is why in the short time about 3months I cannot perfectly complete my research. Definitions This study will illustrate the definition with regard to new rural, its construction, drinking water, residents and mission of buiding new rural. Concepts about environment Environment: Environment included natural and manmade factors surrounding the human, that affect people's lives, production, survival and development of human and animals (NASRV, 2005).
Environment pollution " Environmental pollution is changed the nature of the environment, violating Environmental Standards ". Worldwide, pollution is understood that the transfer of energy or waste into the environment that are likely to cause harm to human health, the development of organisms or degrade environmental quality. These factors include pollution of waste gases (gases), liquid (effluent), solid (solid waste) containing chemical or physical agents, biological and other forms of energy such as temperature, radiant. However, the environment can only be considered polluted if including amount, concentration or intensity of agents reached on potentially adverse impacts on humans and animals ( NASRV, 2005).
The solid waste concept : According to Article 3, Decree No. 59/2007 ND-CP dated 09/04/2007 on the management of solid waste. - Solid waste: Solid waste were discharged from the process of production, business, services, daily activities or other activities. For example, newspapers, yard waste, used furniture, plastic, household waste and anything that people discharge into environment.
8 - Source arises: Solid waste has many different sources. They include all the human waste discharged into the environment in many different places as from households, schools, hospitals, markets. - Classification: solid wastes are divided into three main categories: biodegradable rubbish (60%), non-biodegradable rubbish (25%) and recycled rubbish (15%). Waste separation at source is one of the most important steps for waste treatment.
- Impact of Solid Waste: If not handled properly, solid waste can seriously affect the environment and human health. Solid waste can increase the spread of diseases originating from flies, mosquitoes. For example, respiratory diseases, allergies, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, skin, eyes. The concept of sustainable development "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the satisfaction of the needs of future generations on the basis of close cooperation and harmony between growth economy, ensure social advancement and environmental protection” ( NASRV, 2005).
The concept of New Rural Reconstruction New rural reconstruction - New rural reconstruction is revolution and big campaign make the communities in rural areas consensus building their village, family become spacious, clean and beauty; develop a comprehensive production (agriculture, industry and services); with cultural lifestyle, environment and rural security is guaranteed; income, material life, the spirit life of the people are improved. - New rural reconstruction to help farmers have faith, be positive, hardworking, unite and help each other build prosperous rural development, democracy and civilization. The characteristics of New Rural 9 Characteristics of New Rural in period industrialization - modernization, in 2010- 2020 (SRVNGP, 2012), including: - Economic development, material life and spirit of the rural population is improving; - Rural development planning, with economic infrastructure, modern society, ecological environment protection; - Intellectual enhanced, national cultural identity is preserved and promoted; - Good security, democratic governance. - Quality of the political system is improving.
- Contents of building of new rural towards the implementation of the national criteria set forth in Decision 491 / QD-TTg dated 16/4/2009 of the Prime Minister. - Construction of new rural with the motto to promote the role of local communities is the government plays a role orientation, issued criteria, norms and social policy set, the institutional support and guidance.