Hanoi University of Science and Technology MASTER THESIS STUDY OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY FOR INTERNET OF THINGS APPLICATIONS SARA NHACUONGUE LAICE Major: Telecommunication Engineering Supervisor: Dr. Phung Thi Kieu Ha Institute: School of Electronics and Telecommunications, Hanoi University of Science and Technology HANOI, December 2020 1 CERTIFICATION OF THESIS CORRECTION Full name of author of thesis: Sara Da Purificação Nhacuongue Laice Thesis topics: STUDY OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY FOR INTERNET OF THINGS APPLICATIONS Major: Telecommunication Engineering Student ID number: CA190273 The author, the scientific instructor and the chairman of the jury certify that the author made corrections and additions to the thesis according to the comments and requests of the Jury dated. …………with the following contents: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. Hanoi, Jan 12, 2021 Supervisor Thesis author Chairman of Jury 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To God, who always lit up my walk.
To my Supervisor Dr. Phung Kieu Ha, for the encouragement and guidance given during the training. To all the professors of School of Electronics and Telecommunications for their knowledge sharing, availability, and attention throughout the training process. To all my family and friends for their support and collaboration.
3 SUMMARY The concept of IoT was first proposed by Kevin Ashton in 1999, he referred to IoT as connected objects uniquely identifiable with radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. IoT is generally defined as a “dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on communication standards and protocols”. Physical and virtual things in an IoT have their own identities and attributes which can use intelligent interfaces and be integrated as an information network. In a simplified way, IoT can be treated as a set of connected devices that are uniquely identifiable.
The IoT system requires that "things" on the network are connected to each other, because things can move and need to interact with others in real-time. It is also possible to develop several applications based on it, of which only a few applications are currently deployed. Examples of the Internet of Things range from smartly connected homes to wearables and health services. IoT is gradually becoming a part of every aspect of our lives.
Soon, there will be smarter apps for smarter homes and offices, smarter transportation systems, smarter hospitals, smarter businesses, and factories. Internet of Things applications not only increase our comfort but also give us more control to simplify work routines and personal tasks. Therefore, for this to happen, it is necessary to establish communication between IoT devices and the Internet, and this is done using IoT communication technologies and protocols depending on the application, factors such as reach, data requirements, security and energy demands, and duration of the battery which will dictate the choice of technologies/protocols or some form of a combination of technologies. The objective of this dissertation is to study the IoT, its essential components, and the technologies and protocols to realize several IoT systems/applications.
Later, the work focuses on the study of Smart Home, a perspective specific to IoT-based systems, and the design and production of a prototype of a controlled lighting device connected to the Internet, a proof of concept of a Smart lighting control system. 4 The smart home is a term that refers to modern homes that have appliances, lighting, and/or electronic devices that can be controlled remotely by the owner, usually through a mobile app. Smart home-enabled devices can also operate in conjunction with other devices in the house and communicate information to other smart devices. At Smart Home, all devices are controlled by a home automation master controller, called a smart home hub.
It combines all the different apps into a single smart home app that can be controlled remotely by owners. Some smart home systems can be created from scratch, for example, using a Raspberry Pi or other prototyping board. To demonstrate an understanding of the topics covered in the dissertation we will develop and design a proof-of-concept prototype for remote monitoring and control of home appliances. We also discussed the performance of the system by doing some tests on our implemented circuit.
This text will consist of the following contents: Chapter I discusses the introduction of IoT and Chapter II describes the technologies, protocols, architecture, and challenges of IoT. Chapter III presents the description of Smart Homes in detail and mentions the future of Smart Homes. In chapter IV, we will show the design and construction of a prototype to demonstrate the monitoring and remote control of home appliances. We also discussed the performance of the system by carrying out some tests on our implemented circuit and, finally, the last section presents the conclusions of our work.
5 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1.1 Introduction of IoT (Internet of Things) .2 Concept and History of IoT .3 Applications of IoT .4 Overview of thesis work. IoT TECHNOLOGIES AND PROTOCOLS.1 Basic Components of IoT System.1 The 3 Layer Architecture .2 The 5 Layer Architecture .3 Service-Oriented Architecture for IoT .3 Communication technologies of IoT.4 Application Protocols in IoT .1 Application Layer Protocols .2 Service Discovery Protocols .3 Network Infrastructure Protocols .5 Challenges of IoT. IoT IN SMART HOME .2 Benefits and Challenges of Smart Home .3 Smart Home Technologies .1 Comparison between Smart Home Transmission Technologies.4 Examples of smart home applications.5 How smart homes work/smart home implementation .7 Analyses of Smart Home products in Energy saving.8 Future of Smart Home. SMART HOME DEMONSTRATION .4 Pseudocode of firmware.
71 7 Table of Figures Figure 1. Internet of Things [14]. Applications of IoT [3]. How IoT Works - Internal Working of the Internet of Things [4].
The 3 Layer Architecture [7]. The 5 Layer Architecture [7]. Architectural Layers of IoT [2]. Example of Smart Home [11].
Smart Building Architecture [11]. Classification of smart home products [22]. Future of Smart Home [22]. Project Requirements block diagram.
PIR Motion Sensor [17]. Wi-Fi module [10]. Arduino IDE (software) with system code. Components of Blynk platform [23].
Smart home application’s GUI [23]. Test result of our implemented Node .1 Introduction of IoT (Internet of Things) The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects-devices, instruments, vehicles, buildings, and other items embedded with electronics, circuits, software, sensors, and network connectivity that enables these objects to collect and exchange data. The Internet of Things allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency and accuracy. The concept of a network of smart devices was discussed as early as 1982, with a modified Coke machine at Carnegie Mellon University becoming the first internet- connected appliance [1], able to report its inventory and whether newly loaded drinks were cold.
Kevin Ashton (born 1968) is a British technology pioneer who is known for inventing the term "the Internet of Things" to describe a system where the Internet is connected to the physical world via ubiquitous sensors. Internet of Things [14] IoT can interact without human intervention. Some preliminary IoT applications have been already developed in the healthcare, transportation, and automotive industries. IoT 1 technologies are at their infant stages; however, many new developments have occurred in the integration of objects with sensors on the Internet.
The development of IoT involves many issues such as infrastructure, communications, interfaces, protocols, and standards.2 Concept and History of IoT 1.1 Concept Kevin Ashton firstly proposed the concept of IoT in 1999, and he referred to the IoT as uniquely identifiable connected objects with radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. However, the exact definition of IoT is still in the forming process that is subject to the perspectives taken. IoT was generally defined as a “dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standards and communication protocols”. Physical and virtual things in an IoT have their own identities and attributes and are capable of using intelligent interfaces and being integrated as an information network.
In easy terms, IoT can be treated as a set of connected devices that are uniquely identifiable. The words “Internet” and “Things” mean an inter-connected world-wide network based on sensors, communication, networking, and information processing technologies, which might be the new version of information and communications technology (ICT). To date, a number of technologies are involved in IoT, such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs), barcodes, intelligent sensing, RFID, NFCs, low energy wireless communications, cloud computing, and so on. The IoT describes the next generation of the Internet, where the physical things could be accessed and identified through the Internet.
Depending on various technologies for the implementation, the definition of the IoT varies. However, the fundamental of IoT implies that objects in an IoT can be identified uniquely in the virtual representations. Within an IoT, all things can exchange data and if needed, process data according to predefined schemes.2 History The Internet of Things (IoT) is a term coined by Kevin Ashton, the Executive Director of Auto-ID Labs at MIT in 1999, who perceived a system of ubiquitous sensors concerning the physical world to the Internet. Right from the beginning of the Internet of Things evolution started, there were many things or objects connected to the internet for different applications through diverse technologies depending on the type of object for the comfortability of humans.
The first Internet appliance was a Coke machine at Carnegie Melon University in the early 1980s. Programmers working several floors above the vending machine wrote a server program that chased how long it had been since a storage column in the machine had been unfilled. The programmers could connect to the machine over the Internet, check the status of the machine and determine whether or not there would be a cold drink waiting for them, should they decide to make the trip down to the machine. Internet of Things is a technological revolution that represents the future of computing and communications, and its development depends on dynamic technical innovation in several important fields, from wireless sensors to nanotechnology.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects, devices, vehicles, buildings, and other items that are embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data. The Internet of Things allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration between the physical world and computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy, and economic benefit; when IoT is augmented with sensors and actuators, the technology becomes an instance of the more general class of cyber-physical systems, which also encompasses technologies such as smart grids, smart homes, intelligent transportation, and smart cities. Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded computing system but can interoperate within the existing Internet infrastructure. Experts estimate that the IoT will consist of almost 50 billion objects by 2020.3 Applications of IoT The potentialities offered by the IoT make it possible to develop numerous applications based on it, of which only a few applications are currently deployed.
Internet of Things examples extends from smart connected homes to wearables to healthcare. IoT is slowly becoming part of every aspect of our lives. In the future, there will be intelligent applications for smarter homes and offices, smarter transportation systems, smarter hospitals, smarter enterprises, and factories. Not only is the Internet of Things applications enhancing our comfort, but they also give us more control to simplify routine work life and personal tasks.
Applications of IoT [3] Healthcare The IoT is proposed to improve the quality of human life by automating some of the basic tasks that humans must perform. In that sense, monitoring and decision-making can be moved from the human side to the machine side. One of the main applications of IoT in healthcare is in assisted living scenarios. Sensors can be placed on health monitoring equipment used by patients.
