ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI KHOA QUẢN TRỊ VÀ KINH DOANH --------------------- KO CHANGSEOK STRATEGIES TO STRENGTHEN THE COMPETITIVENESS OF KOREAN BANKS IN VIETNAM CHIẾN LƯỢC TĂNG CƯỜNG NĂNG LỰC CẠNH TRANH CỦA CÁC NGÂN HÀNG HÀN QUỐC TẠI VIỆT NAM LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH HÀ NỘI - 2020 c ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI KHOA QUẢN TRỊ VÀ KINH DOANH --------------------- KO CHANGSEOK STRATEGIES TO STRENGTHEN THE COMPETITIVENESS OF KOREAN BANKS IN VIETNAM CHIẾN LƯỢC TĂNG CƯỜNG NĂNG LỰC CẠNH TRANH CỦA CÁC NGÂN HÀNG HÀN QUỐC TẠI VIỆT NAM Chuyên ngành: Quản trị kinh doanh Mã số: 60 34 01 02 LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: PGS. HOÀNG ĐÌNH PHI HÀ NỘI - 2020 c DECLARATION The author confirms that the research outcome in the thesis is the result of author‟s independent work during study and research period and it is not yet published in other‟s research and article. The other‟s research result and documentation (extraction, table, figure, formula, and other document) used in the thesis are cited properly and the permission (if required) is given. The author is responsible in front of the Thesis Assessment Committee, Hanoi School of Business and Management, and the laws for above-mentioned declaration.
c ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude and special thanks to Assoc. Hoang Dinh Phi for his valuable advice and guidance on every developmental stage of this thesis. I especially enjoyed his strategic and interesting classes which inspired me to choose this research topic. In the end, his endless support and great kindness and understanding made it much easier for me to complete the research and writing process.
I would like to send my sincere appreciation to my company, IBK. Because they gave me a chance to study for a year and a half. In Vietnam, a country I have never been to before, especially in HSB. As I live my life, I will never forget their sincere support.
And I would like to thanks to my friends for helping me a lot during my life in Vietnam. The faculty and staff of HSB, the teacher of the Vietnamese language institute, the staff of IBK Hanoi branch and his family, and my MBA class friends were all good enough to inspire me a new inspiration about Vietnam and make me grow more. Last but not least, I consider myself as the luckiest person in the world as I have always been given strength and motivation by my wife, Hyun Yunyoung, and my children, Ko Haein and Ko Youngwoo to keep going on my path. I would also like to deliver my gratefulness and love to my family who provided so many spiritual supports to help me complete this paper within the given time.
c TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. i LIST OF FIGURES. iii LIST OF TABLES. ii TITLE CHAPTER.
Review of Previous Researches. Aims of Research. Objects of Research. Scope of Research.
Basic Theory on Bank's Competitiveness. Business Environment in Vietnam. Market Characteristics and Strategic Values. Macroeconomic Indicators and Economic Outlook.
Current Status of Trade and Investment. Vietnamese Government's Policy on Banking Sector. Vietnamese Government's Regulatory Policy. Vietnamese Government's Foreign Open Policy.
Implications for Foreign Banks in Vietnam. Analysis of Korean Banks’ Competitiveness in Vietnam. Analysis of the Banking Industry in Vietnam. Growth Process of Vietnamese Banking Industry.
Current Status and Characteristics of the Banking Industry in Vietnam. Challenges of Banking Industry in Vietnam. Analysis of the Current Status of Korean Banks‟ Competitiveness in Vietnam. Size and Financial Status of Korean Banks.
Process of Korean Banks‟ entry into Vietnam. EFE for Korean Banks for 2020-2025. IFE for Korean Banks for 2020-2025. Proposal of Strategies and Solutions to Strengthen the Competitiveness of Korean Banks in Vietnam for 2020-2025 Period.
TOWS Matrix for Korean Banks‟ Strategies for 2020-2025. Main Competitiveness Strategies. Proposal of Solutions to Implement Competitiveness Strategies. Internal Competitiveness Strategy.
External Competitiveness Strategy. 58 CONCLUSION, LIMITATION AND IMPLICATION. 67 c LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ASEAN Association of South-East Asian Nations ATIGA ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement ATM Automated Teller Machine CPTPP Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership EAEU Eurasian Economic Union EIU Economist Intelligence Unit EU European Union FDI Foreign Direct Investment FTA Free Trade Agreement GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade IMF International Monetary Fund NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PESTLE Political, Economic, Social, Technological analysis, Legal and Environmental RCEP Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership SME Small and medium-sized enterprises TPP Trans-Pacific Partnership WB World Bank WTO World Trade Organization i c LIST OF TABLES <Table 1.1> Population Outlook by Age Group, 2015 ~ 2030 .2> Vietnam's Trade Volume Trends, 2014~2018 .3> Korea-Vietnam Trade Trends, 2014~2018 .4> Vietnam's FDI (New and Increased) Trends, 2014~2018 .5> Vietnam government's regulatory policy on the banking industry .6> Key Contents of the Five- ear Economic and Social Development Plan .1> Overseas Branches of Korean Banks by Region .2> Current status of Korean banks in Vietnam .3> Entry of Korean banks into Vietnam, Year 1992~1999 .4> A data of Korean banks into Vietnamese market accumulated on 2008 .5> Status of Korean banks‟ entry into Vietnamese market, Year 2018 E 45 <Table 2.6> Summarized EFE for Korean banks .7> Summarized IFE for Korean banks .1> Summarized TOWS Matrix for Korean banks. 51 ii c LIST OF FIGURES <Figure 1.1 > Firm‟s Competitiveness Pyramid .2> Vietnam GDP Growth, 2011~2018 .3> Trends in Vietnam's Annual Exports, 2013~2018 .4> Trend in No.
of Newly Established Companies in Vietnam, 2013~2018 .5> Vietnam's Free Trade Agreement, as of 2016 .1> Major Changes in Vietnam's Banking IndustryError! Bookmark not defined.2> Status of Banks in Vietnam, as of 2017Error! Bookmark not defined.3> Asset Status of Banks in Vietnam, as of 2017Error! Bookmark not defined. iii c TITLE CHAPTER 1. Rationale Vietnam, the central country of the Indochina Peninsula, adopted the „Đổi Mới‟ policy, an external open-door and reform policy focused on the introduction of market economic principles at the 6th Communist Party Congress in 1986. Since then, the Vietnamese government has been able to maintain relatively stable economic growth, such as stabilizing prices, reducing fiscal deficits and increasing foreign investment, as a result of its reform policies such as the Foreign Investment Act, Financial Reforms.
In particular, Vietnam was able to overcome the collapse of the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s without much influence by actively pushing for the opening of the country. In 2001, the Normal Trade Relation (NTR) with the United States attracted foreign investors. Since then, the economy has grown at an annual rate of over 7. And at the end of 2006, Vietnam joined the WTO, which had been the desire of the Vietnamese government.
The Permanent Normal Trade Relation (PNTR) with the U. was signed immediately to declare its entry into the market economy system. Therefore, foreign direct investment has exploded, and it has been evaluated by the world as a successful model of open policy. As a result, Vietnam not only recorded an average annual economic growth rate of 7.3% between 1990 and 2010, but also increased per capita income by five times during this period.
The banking industry in Vietnam has changed a lot due to the rapid improvement in the internal and external environment of the Vietnamese economy. Vietnam had to comply with the financial and services market opening schedule by joining the WTO. The Vietnamese government also rushed to open the Vietnamese banking industry through restructuring of the banking industry as it hopes to bring in foreign investment for the development of its capital market. In addition, the Vietnamese government agreed to open the financial markets through bilateral talks with the U.
government at the APEC summit in Vietnam in November 2006. Its main content is to allow the establishment of a 100% foreign investment local corporation within five years of joining the WTO and to treat domestic banks 1 c equally by removing the restrictions on foreign banks by 2012. And the Vietnamese government is implementing many measures such as the handling of bad debts caused by state-owned commercial banks' loans to state-owned companies at policy rates, the merger and acquisition of small joint-stock commercial banks in Vietnam and the expansion of minimum capital to strengthen the soundness of the banking industry, etc. of the banking industry.
As a result, the gateway to Vietnam as a foreign bank has become extremely wide. Meanwhile, since South Korea and Vietnam began diplomatic relations in 1992, Vietnam has become Korea's most important trade partner in Southeast Asia, and Korea has a sustained trade surplus against Vietnam. The relationship between Korea and Vietnam is being promoted as a strategic partnership. In addition, for Vietnam, Korea has been the most important direct investment country in the last decade.
As a result, many Korean companies and financial institutions are making inroads into Vietnam. The Korean bank could achieve satisfactory results if it has a strong will and all the capacity to target niche markets in a short time, although it does not have much number of branches or experience compared to other foreign banks in Vietnam. This paper first examines the business environment in the Vietnamese market, and then analyzes how to enter the Vietnamese market and the competitive environment. Based on this, establish a strategy to strengthen the competitiveness of Korean banks to expand their presence in Vietnam.
Review of Previous Researches There are many literatures, researches and papers on general economic growth in Vietnam, but there are only few researches on the Vietnamese financial industry or Korean banks operating in Vietnam. In particular, the study of Vietnam's financial industry in Korea is the only comprehensive study by the Korea Financial Investment Association (2011) in South Korea. In addition, there is a report on the trend and prospects of the Vietnamese financial industry by the Korea International Trade Association (2019). Research in Vietnam includes the study of Tran Thanh Thuan (2017) on the current state and customer satisfaction of Korean banks in Vietnam.
Previous studies on Korean banks' entry into Vietnam can be divided into the preceding research of Korea and Vietnam as follows. There are few previous studies on the competitiveness and strategies for Korean financial institutions to enter the Vietnamese market, as their strategies for overseas markets are concentrated in other countries, such as China. However, there is a prior study on the overseas expansion strategy of financial companies by Seo Byung-ho (2018). This is a study of strategies for overseas expansion of financial institutions in general, and there are many differences in time, and it is considered that there are limitations in accurately reflecting the current status of domestic financial companies and deriving a plan to enter Vietnam.
First, according to the Korea Financial Investment Association (2011), financial investment companies set up an emerging market support center as a measure to systematically support their entry into emerging markets. And they have continued to do activities such as compiling data and holding seminars to support their entry. The analysis included detailed technical details on the status of local and financial industries, foreign investment policies and taxation, in hopes of supporting domestic companies' advance into Vietnam. After all, Vietnam was included with the publication of a new survey report from five countries when the data was published in 2011, a time that can be seen as giving Vietnam great significance as a new revenue-generating market.
According to Ko Ki-yun (2018), the Korean bank's entry into the Vietnamese market is an essential business strategy for securing profitability and durability.