VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VIETNAM JAPAN UNIVERSITY NGHIEM XUAN DUC FABRICATION AND APPLICATION OF MgFe2O4/WO3/rGO NANOCOMPOSITE AS AN ADVANCED PHOTOCATALYST FOR ANTIBIOTIC DEGRADATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS MASTER'S THESIS VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VIETNAM JAPAN UNIVERSITY NGHIEM XUAN DUC FABRICATION AND APPLICATION OF MgFe2O4/WO3/rGO NANOCOMPOSITE AS AN ADVANCED PHOTOCATALYST FOR ANTIBIOTIC DEGRADATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS MAJOR: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING CODE: 8520320.01 RESEARCH SUPERVISORS: Associate Prof. TRAN DINH TRINH Dr. NGUYEN THI AN HANG Hanoi, 2022 COMMITMENT I have read and understood the plagiarism violations. I pledge with personal honor that this research result is my own and does not violate the Regulation on prevention of plagiarism in academic and scientific research activities at VNU Vietnam Japan University (Issued together with Decision No 700/QD-ĐHVN dated 30/9/2021 by the Rector of Vietnam Japan University).
Author of the thesis ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research would not have been possible without the guidance, support, and patience of a number of individuals with whom I have had the honor of engaging and learning over the years. Before anything else, I would like to express my profound appreciation to Associate Professor Tran Dinh Trinh and Doctor Nguyen Thi An Hang for their enthusiastic instruction and supervision throughout this research. Secondly, I would like to take this opportunity to thank all of the professors, lecturers, and students in the Master’s Program in Environmental Engineering at VNU Vietnam Japan University for their assistance and encouragement during this work, which has been fully appreciated. Lastly, I would like to thank my closest friends Thao, Huong, Dai and Hoang Anh for their support and encouragement throughout this lengthy journey.
TABLE OF CONTENTS List of tables. i List of figures. ii List of abbreviations. Ciprofloxacin pollution in aquatic environment.
Introduction of Ciprofloxacin (CIP). Occurrence of CIP in aquatic environment. Negative impacts of CIP on aquatic medium. Methods for treatment of CIP in aquatic medium.
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) by photocatalyst. Introduction of MgFe2O4 nanoparticle. Introduction of WO3 nanoparticle. Introduction of reduced graphene oxide (rGO).
Overview of Z-scheme photocatalytic system. MgFe2O4/WO3/rGO nanoparticle as a direct Z-scheme photocatalytic system 28 2. Conclusion of literature review. Materials and methods.
Chemicals and Apparatus. Synthesis of MgFe2O4. Synthesis of WO3. Synthesis of GO.
Synthesis of MgFe2O4/WO3/rGO nanocomposite. Material characterization method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscope.
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. UV–Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. pH point of zero charge. Study of photocatalytic removal of Ciprofloxacin by MgFe 2O4-WO3-rGO nanocomposite.
Determination of Ciprofloxacin concentration. Determine efficiency of Ciprofloxacin removal .3 Comparative study of CIP removal by MgFe 2O4, WO3 and MgFe2O4/WO3/rGO. Factors influencing the CIP removal efficiency. Stability and recyclability of MgFe 2O4/WO3/rGO nanocomposite.
Results and discussion. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscope. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
UV–Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. pH point of zero charge. Study of photocatalytic removal of Ciprofloxacin by MgFe 2O4-WO3-rGO nanocomposite. Comparative study on the removal of CIP by MgFe 2O4, WO3 and MgFe2O4/WO3/rGO.
Factors influencing the CIP removal efficiency. Kinetic study of CIP photodegradation. Radical scavengers and proposed mechanism of CIP photodegradation process. Stability and recyclability of MgFe 2O4/WO3/rGO nanocomposite.
Conclusion and recommendations. 74 LIST OF TABLES Table 2. Antibiotics and their respective highest concentration in Vietnam. Methods for removal of CIP from aqueous solutions.
The positions of cations, formula and example of normal, inverse and mixed spinel ferrites. Chemical synthesis methods of spinel ferrites. Different method for synthesis of GO. Different methods for synthesis of rGO.
Comparison of three generations of Z-scheme photocatalytic system. Elemental composition of MgFe2O4/WO3/rGO nanocomposite. Eg of MgFe2O4, WO3 and MgFe2O4/WO3/rGO. The comparison of CIP photodegradation between MgFe 2O4/WO3/rGO nanocomposite and other photocatalysts.
64 i LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. Structure of CIP. Species of CIP at different pH values. The amount of antibiotics imported into Vietnam.
Sources of CIP in aquatic medium. Schematic diagram of AOP. Diagram of spinel ferrite demonstrating tetrahedral (yellow), octahedral (green) and oxygen atoms (red) units. Crystallite structure of WO3 at different temperature.
Chemical structure of GO .