BANKING ACADEMY BANKING FACULTY ---- ---- GRADUTATION THESIS TOPIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION TO USE DIGITAL BANKING OF VIETNAM Student’s name: Bui Phuong Anh Class: K20CLCB Academic year 2017 - 2021 Student’s ID: 20A4010008 Supervisor: Assoc. Dao Minh Phuc Hanoi, May 2021 17014126249801000000 BANKING ACADEMY BANKING FACULTY ---- ---- GRADUTATION THESIS TOPIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION TO USE DIGITAL BANKING OF VIETNAM Student’s name: Bui Phuong Anh Class: K20CLCB Academic year 2017 - 2021 Student’s ID: 20A4010008 Supervisor: Assoc. Dao Minh Phuc Hanoi, May 2021 ASSUARANCE I declare that this is my own research. The information relating to the data here which I used in my thesis is true and collected by myself.
The information and arguments belong to other authors which is not my own ideas or aggregated results are fully quoted in the references. I take full responsibility if there is any fraud in this research topic. Hanoi, May, 22nd, 2021 Student Bui Phuong Anh i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT During the time of researching and writing this thesis, I have received a lot of encouragement and enthusiastic help from agencies, organizations, individuals and my family. They have always encouraged, facilitated, and supported me throughout the process of doing graduate thesis.
First of all, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the Board of Directors of Banking Academy in general and the teachers in the Banking Faculty of Banking Academy in particular for giving me the opportunity to study at the university and provide solid knowledge of expertise throughout the studying years. At the same time, the teachers also gave me more motivation in studying and provided me with more relevant reference sources to perfect the best graduation thesis. Secondly, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor – Mr. Dao Minh Phuc has been very enthusiastic in guiding and supporting me during the process of doing this graduation thesis.
Graduation thesis was done in nearly 2 months. This is my first time doing this thesis, so this research has many limitations. Therefore, it is inevitable that there will be shortcomings, I look forward to receiving your valuable comments so that I can improve my work and gain more knowledge in this field. Thank you sincerely! Hanoi, May, 22nd, 2021 Student Bui Phuong Anh ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ASSUARANCE .ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
v LIST OF TABLES .vi LIST OF FIGURES. 1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW. Literature review about digital banking. Literature review about factors affecting the customers’ adoption.
Gap, research objectives and research questions. Gap of the previous researches. 16 CHAPTER TWO: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA. Research approach and design.
Data collection method. Form of questionnaire. 30 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA).
Result of Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Result of Structural Equation Modeling. Result of Multivariate regression analysis. 47 CHAPTER FOUR: SITUATION AND RECOMMENDATION FOR VIETNAM.
Situation in Vietnam. General situation of using non – cash payment in Vietnam. General situation of using digital banking in Vietnam. For the Vietnamese government.
For the State Bank of Vietnam. For the commercial banks. 74 Appendix 1: Reliability Statistics. Perceived ease of use.
Attitude towards use and intention to use. 75 Appendix 2: CFA analysis. 76 Appendix 3: Structural Equation Modeling analysis. 76 Appendix 4: Pearson Correlations.
77 Appendix 5: The banking features of the service the customers use. 78 iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVATION FULL NAME ACB Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank ADT Acceptance to use ATM Automated teller machine ATTINT Attitude towards use and intention to use CDM Cash Deposit Machine CFA Confirmatory Factor Analysis E - banking Electronic banking EFA Exploratory Factor Analysis eKYC Electronic Know Your Customer GDP Gross Domestic Product MB Bank Military Commercial Joint Stock Bank OPBA Opening Banking PE Perceived Ease of use PU Perceived Usefulness PR Perceived Risk QR Quick Response SBV State Bank of Vietnam SEM Structure equation model T Trust TAM Technology Acceptance Model TCB Techcombank - Vietnam Technology and Commercial Joint Stock Bank TP Bank Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank TRA Theory of Reasoned Action v LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE Table 2.1: Questionnaire form 18 Table 2.2: Forecast effect of research hypotheses 32 Table 3.1: Overview of Cronbach Alpha 35 Table 3.2: KMO and Bartlett’s Test 35 Table 3.3: Total Variance explained 36 Table 3.4: Pattern Matrix 37 Table 3.5: Standardized Regression Weights 39 Table 3.6: Composite Reliability 40 Table 3.7: Average Variance Extracted 40 Table 3.8: Comparation of Maximum Shared Variance and Average 41 Variance Extracted Table 3.9: Comparation of Square Root of AVE and Inter – Construct 41 Correlations Table 3.10: Regression Weights of SEM 43 Table 3.11: Standardized Regression Weights of SEM 43 Table 3.12: Squared Multiple Correlations of SEM 44 Table 3.13: Model summary and ANOVA of linear regression 45 Table 3.14: Coefficients ‘s result 45 Table 3.15: Result of Testing hypotheses 46 Table 4.1: The decisive factor for customers to use digital banking 58 services vi LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES PAGE Figure 1.1: Grow rate of GDP in Vietnam from 2017 to Q1/2021 4 Figure 1.2: TAM model 10 Figure 1.3: Research model framework for the customers adoption to 11 use digital banking of Vietnam Figure 2.1: Distribution of Gender 24 Figure 2.2: The respondents about age group 25 Figure 2.3: Respondents’ occupation of research 26 Figure 2.4: Respondents’ fields of operation 26 Figure 2.5: Distribution of respondents’ income. Unit: VND million 27 Figure 2.6: Respondents’ time to use digital banking services. Unit: 28 Year Figure 2.7: Respondent's number of digital banking services 29 Figure 2.8: Research model and hypotheses 32 Figure 3.1: Research of Structural Equation Modeling framework 42 Figure 4.1: The banking features of the Internet banking service which 56 customers use Figure 4.2: The banking features of the Mobile banking service which 57 customers use Figure 4.3: Accessing the E – commerce platform in Q4/ 2020 of 58 Vietnam vii ABSTRACT Technological development has improved people's lives for the better and helped socio-economic growth strongly.
The fourth industrial revolution has marked the birth of fintech companies, information technology companies with the concepts of artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing. Especially when combining technology with products in the banking industry is an even bigger step. The birth of digital banking products is a milestone. This is a measure to promote and ensure continuity in online payment and transactions on the basis of products and services available in the bank.
Currently, the speed of development of digital banking services is taking place rapidly, people have begun to change their habits of using non-cash payments instead of cash. Specifically, the proportion of ATM transactions for cash withdrawal will decrease gradually in 2019, specifically decreasing from 62% in 2018 to 42% in 2019 (Quang Tuan, 2020). This trend was even stronger when the COVID 19 pandemic occurred and social gap was implemented as directed by the Government. People's lives are still guaranteed, shopping, consumption and payment needs are still carried out quickly and promptly.
Facing the strong development of digital banking services in Vietnam, how should banks develop their products and services to attract more customers to use their banking services? I do this research to discover the factors that make customers accept to use of digital banking services in Vietnam. There are 150 clients selected, mainly millennials and generation X, working in the Banking and Finance sector in Hanoi to participate in this survey. With the achieved results, the Government and the State Bank of Vietnam should continue to improve legal corridors, promote digital technology policies and create conditions for the bank's own digital banking products and services. Commercial banks should actively implement programs to attract customers and improve service quality to enhance customer experience.
Since then, digital banking has been accepted and used more widely in Vietnam. 1 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Introduction The introduction of digital banking is an inevitable and necessary step in the context of the fourth technology revolution. This is a measure to assist in promoting and ensuring continuity in the use of non-cash payment transactions domestically and internationally.
Over the decades, banking industry has changed significantly because of the technology’s development (BNP Group, 2013). According to the post of NCR company (2021), the earliest form of digital banking came from the advent of ATMs that marked an obvious advantage for financial institutions and customers. Customers did not depend on teller in bank about cash withdrawals, instead of using ATMs invented by the British namely John Shepherd - Brown in the 1960s. In 1970, the personal identification number (PIN) was born to support the bank identity customers, also called passcode of ATMs card.
In 1983, online banking was put to use in here. Then other banking services was relatively introduced through internet platform. The effect of using online banking of United Kingdom is spreading to other countries in turn such as the US, France and to Asian countries such as China, India, etc. Initially in the US, online banking service was still very cautious because people did not trust it.
Chemical Bank was the first bank that allowed individuals and small enterprises to maintain electronic cheque book registers, see balance accounts and transfer. Then Citibank, Chase Bank and Manufacturer Hanover also offered this service soon after. Online bank service was launched in France in 1988 through using Minitel called videotex online service accessible through telephone lines supplied free for their population by the government. In Japan, the first online banking service was launched by Sumitomo Bank in 1997, after one year this service was launched in India.
Most of the major banks in Japan used online banking service and provided diversified services to customers by 2010. Webank which is the online banking service created by Tencent in China started to operate in January, 2015. After that, this service became more popular and spread to Vietnam. 2 Using the PEST model can help us to have a more comprehensive view of the current Vietnam context when using payment tools.
The PEST model analyzes factors in the external environment that directly affect the research problem. Applying PEST model will be very clear about political, economic, social and technology performance in Vietnam. Political: Vietnamese government started to deploy non – cash payment in 2011. Circular no 29/ 2011/ TT – NHNN of State Bank of Vietnam published on January 29th, 2011 about defining safety, confidentiality over provision for banking services on the internet.
The government enforced the decree about State Bank of Vietnam (SBV)’s managed responsibilities for non – cash payment activity, information report, information safety and security, supervision operating systems applied for mobile banking through the decree no 101/2012/NĐ-CP published on 2012. Then, the decrees and resolutions were promulgated respectively about promoting the non-cash payment projects and developing fintech technology in Vietnam. In 2020, Decision no 711/ QĐ – NHNN about promoting the development of digital technology enterprises in Vietnam was issued by the State Bank of Vietnam with the objective to create a favorable law environment to develop technology enterprises so that they can be promoted digital banking in Vietnam. Vietnamese government proactively develops digital banking not only in enterprises but also in the banking industry through the issuance of Decision no 1238/ QĐ - NHNN by State Bank of Vietnam.
To sum up, the government has always created favorable conditions for banking industry in Vietnam to develop and keep up with the trend of the 4th industrial revolution. Economic: In general, Vietnam has relatively stable economic growth. The GDP of Vietnam had significantly risen during three years from 6. Due to Covid 19 epidemic, the economy in the world was also seriously affected.
Fortunately, thanks to the Vietnamese government the Covid 19 pandemic was strictly controlled, the economy returned to new normal conditions. The growing proportion of GDP in 2020 was fallen by 2.