UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE: CASE OF VIETNAMESE DONG AND JAPANESE YEN BY Mr. TRAN VUONG TU MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY, MAY 2013 123doc UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE: CASE OF VIETNAMESE DONG AND JAPANESE YEN A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By Mr. TRAN VUONG TU Academic Supervisor: PhD. NGUYEN HOANG BAO HO CHI MINH CITY, MAY 2013 123doc ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis was written at the University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City.
In addition, it was completed in October 2013. During the process of writing, the paper has gained a lot of experience in writing a thesis and in the area of foreign exchange rate analysis. During the three months of writing this thesis, several persons have contributed in the different ways to the quality of this thesis and the paper would like to take this opportunity to thank them. Firstly, the paper would like to thank our supervisor PhD.
Nguyen Hoang Bao for all the help, guidance, and support. The paper would also like to express gratitude to all professors of the Vietnam-Netherlands Program for the Master in Development Economics and the classmates who offer to us some useful suggestions. Finally, we express special thank to our families and partners for their love and support. 123doc ABSTRACT Exchange rate not only plays a very important role in the economic policy of the government of Vietnam in the process of integration into the world economy, but also effects many exporters, importers, foreign investors, and commercial banks in the international transaction.
Japanese economy plays as important as having mainly economic relations with Vietnamese economy in the export-import trade, foreign direct investment (FDI) capital, official development assistance (ODA), etc. However, Vietnam government applies the floating exchange rate policy between Vietnamese Dong and the Japanese Yen. Therefore, the fluctuations of Vietnamese-Japanese exchange rate might great impact on the trade and investment. The exporters and importers of two countries, Japanese investors, the commercial bankers that having international settlement with Japanese Yen, are in need of defending the exchange rate risk volatility of the exchange rate pairs.
Our study enhance on analyzing and predicting the fluctuations of Vietnamese-Japanese exchange rate. The main research question identifies (1) Which Vietnamese and Japanese macroeconomics variables determine the VND/JPY exchange rate; (2) What the role of the Japanese Yen plays in the economic relationship between Vietnam and Japan and (3) Which performance of the multiple regression model and the auto- regressive integrated moving average model are in predicting the VND/JPY exchange rate. Methodology focuses on the multiple regression model to define the determinants. Moreover, our study test the reliability in the prediction between multiple regression model and auto-regressive integrated moving average model to examine the VND/JPY exchange rate data.
Hence, auto-regressive integrated moving average model plays better forecasting performance. Key Words: VND/JPY exchange rate, multiple regression model, auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Vietnamese Dong, Japanese Yen, Vietnam, Japan 123doc TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents .1 List of tables .3 List of figures .3 List of abbreviations. Chapter one: Introduction.1 Background of study .4 The outline of paper. Chapter two: Literature review.
Chapter three: Methodology .2 The fundamental regression model .3 Box-Jenkins’ auto-regressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA). Chapter four: The impact of the Japanese Yen in the economic relationship between Vietnam and Japan .1 Overview of the Vietnamese foreign exchange policy .2 Overview of the Japanese foreign exchange policy.3 The impact of the Japanese Yen in the trade, investment, and finance between Japan and Vietnam. Chapter five: Results: Descriptive data, multiple regression and ARIMA .2 The results and summary of findings. Chapter six: Conclusions .1 Summary of study .3 Limitation of our study and suggestion for further research .70 6 123doc LIST OF TABLES Tables 2.1 Description of economic indicators.2 List of variables .3 The autocorrelation function (ACF) and the partial autocorrelation function (PACF) patterns summary .1 Global foreign exchange reserves .2 History of the Japan's interventions in the foreign exchange rate.1 Description of the variables.2 Correlation test and Anova F-test.3 The result regression model .5 Unit Root Test .6 ARIMA statistical results .7 The VND/JPY forecasting performance .8 Testing of forecasting ARIMA .9 The advantages and disadvantages in the multiple regression and Auto- regressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) .40 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 Box Jenkins Methodology for ARIMA modeling .1 Value of trade balance Vietnam-Japan .1 The plot of the monthly VND/JPY exchange rate.36 7 123doc LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS S.No abbreviation Description 1 AF Autocorrelation function 2 ARIMA Auto-regressive integrated moving average 3 BOJ Bank of Japan 4 CBT Chicago board of trade 5 CIEM Central institute for economic management 6 FA Fundamental analysis 7 FDI Foreign direct investment 8 GDP Gross domestic product 9 GSO General statistics office of Vietnam 10 IFE International Fisher effect 11 IPI industrial production index 12 JPY Japanese Yen 13 JVEPA Japan-Vietnam economic partnership agreements 14 LCO (WTI oil) Light crude oil (West Texas intermediate oil) 15 MFAJ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 16 MFJ Ministry of Financial of Japan 17 MPIV Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam 18 MR Multiple regression 19 NAEC National Assembly's economic Committee 20 ODA Official development assistance 21 PAF Partial autocorrelation function 22 RBA Royal bank of Australia 23 SBV State bank of Vietnam 24 TA Technical analysis 25 TB Trade balance 26 USD U.S Dollar 27 VGDC Vietnam general department of customs 28 VND Vietnamese Dong 29 Vietcombank Joint stock commercial bank for foreign trade of Vietnam 30 VFA Vietnam food association 31 WTO World trade organization 8 123doc CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION This paper presents the research projects including studies of users, target research to identify the factors that influence the exchange rate between the Vietnamese Dong and Japanese Yen.
Accordingly, fluctuations in foreign exchange rate have great impact on Vietnamese government, the exporters, importers, commercial banks, and Japanese investors. In addition, they have a need for the research prediction on foreign exchange rate. Therefore, our research focuses on analyzing and predicting the fluctuations in VND/JPY exchange rate by multiple regression and auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). Our finding is what determinants of VND/JPY exchange rate in Vietnam.1 Background of study Vietnam economy increasingly integrated into the world economy in term of trade and investment.
Therefore, exchange rate plays a very important role in the economic policy of the Vietnamese government. Moreover, many exporters, importers, foreign investors, and commercial banks, that make the international transactions, are impacted by the fluctuations in foreign exchange rate. Indeed, many countries fall into economic hardship due to unstable exchange rate, such as trade deficit, high inflation, increasingly foreign debts, etc. Therefore, the exchange rate has attracted special attention to the economists, politicians for the study and research.
In addition, the exchange rate has become an important topic, which is discussed and analyzed on over the world. Many researches have done in order to predict and analyze the fluctuations in foreign exchange rate. An opening economy is towards the integration with the world economy as well as Vietnamese economy. According to the report on April 2013, Vietnamese Ministry of Planning and Investment, issued "Comprehensive evaluation of Vietnam’s socio- economic performance five years after the accession to the World trade organization" 9 123doc report1.
This report has identified the economic policy focused on foreign trade of Vietnam is following the trend of multilateral development cooperation. The International trade of Vietnam and the rest of world become very exciting. However, the Vietnam’s exchange rate policy used to concentrate on implementing the pegged exchange rate policy between Vietnamese Dong and U.S Dollar, and keep floating alongside most of other exchange rates. It creates some difficult, risky factors for exporters, importers, commercial banks, and foreign investors during the international payment process for non-dollar currencies such as the Japanese Yen, Euro, and Australian Dollar etc.
Indeed, the General statistics office of Vietnam on the international trade in Vietnam in 2012 said that Vietnam has many international economies. Beside the United State of America as Vietnam’s largest trade partner with two-way trade turnover reached US$ 27.6 billion, Vietnam still has many key trading partners such as Japan (approximately U.1% of Vietnamese total trade)2, South China (U.5 billion) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Japan, in particular, is a country having highly economic relations with Vietnam in many fields including export-import, foreign direct investment capital, Official development assistance, and etc. According to the Department of Foreign Affairs under the Ministry of Planning and Investment, in the years 2012-2013, Japan continues to be the largest donor of official development assistance (ODA) for Vietnam with 40%3 of total official development assistance (ODA) commitments to Vietnam.
According to the Foreign investment agency under the Ministry of Planning and Investment, in 2012, Japan was the biggest foreign direct investment investor in Vietnam, accounted for 34.2%4 of total investment in Vietnam. Thereby, indicating 1 ‘Comprehensive evaluation of Vietnam’s socio-economic performance five years after the accession to the World Trade Organization’ 2013, report 2013, Central institute for economic management, Vietnamese Ministry of Planning and Investment 2 General statistics office of Vietnam 2013, Vietnam Export-Import report 2011-2012, Vietnam 3 Department of foreign affairs 2013, Official development assistance report 2011-2012, Ministry of Planning and Investment in Vietnam 4 Foreign investment agency 2013, Foreign direct investment report 2011-2012, Ministry of Planning and Investment in Vietnam 10 123doc the exchange rate fluctuations between the Vietnamese Dong and the Japanese Yen have great impact on Vietnam's economy in general and the exporters, importers, banks and Japanese investors in particular. In studies related to the exchange rate between Vietnamese Dong and foreign currencies, normally only focused on fixed exchange rate policy between Vietnamese Dong and the U. There is virtually no study related to the pairs of floating exchange rate between Vietnamese Dong and the Japanese Yen or Euro or Pound.
Considering the trade, economic relations, and investment cooperation, the researches on the fluctuations in VND/JPY exchange rate plays an important role in the trade policy between Vietnam and Japan, in the planning for investment reception between Vietnam and Japan (official development assistance and foreign direct investment). It would be clearly explain in chapter five. In addition, the exporters, importers, Japanese investors, and commercial banks have the international settlement with Japanese Yen. They are in need of defending the exchange rate risk volatility of the exchange rate.
Most of all, our study focuses on the analysis of determinants of foreign exchange rate. Moreover, our study enhances for using the fundamental analysis to define the determinants of the VND/JPY exchange rate by the multiple regression model and using the Auto-regressive integrated moving average to examine the VND/JPY exchange rate. Absolutely, our study investigates to find out what determinants of VND/JPY exchange rate in Vietnam. Besides that, our study further clarifies the role of the Japanese Yen in the economic relationship between Vietnam and Japan.2 Research question Hence, our study can suggest three-research questions as follows: (1) Which Vietnamese and Japanese macroeconomics variables determine the VND/JPY exchange rate; (2) What the role of the Japanese Yen plays in the economic relationship between Vietnam and Japan and (3) Which performance of the multiple 11 123doc regression model and the auto-regressive integrated moving average model are in predicting the VND/JPY exchange rate.
Our study enhances the multiple regression model and the auto-regressive integrated moving average model to econometric test the VND/JPY exchange rate.