Luận văn thạc sĩ: Các yếu tố quyết định tài khoản vãng lai ở Việt Nam theo cách tiếp cận liên ...

Luận văn thạc sĩ phân tích ueh determinants of current account in vietnam an intertemporal approach, đánh giá thực trạng, chỉ ra hạn chế, đề xuất giải pháp khả thi cho thực tiễn.

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Thesis

2013

92
5
0

Phí lưu trữ

35 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

Acknowledgement

Table of Contents

List of tables

List of figures

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Research objectives and questions

1.2. Justification of the thesis

1.3. Organization of the research

2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Definition of Current Account (CA)

2.3. Theoretical Literature Review

2.3.1. The old approaches

2.3.2. The intertemporal approach

3. CHAPTER 3: DATA AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

4. CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

5. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATION

5.1. Limitations and directions for further studies

List of tables

List of figures

Abbreviations

Abstract

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M. IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DETERMINANTS OF CURRENT ACCOUNT IN VIETNAM: AN INTERTEMPORAL APPROACH BY DO NGUYEN KHANH LINH MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY, DECEMBER 2013 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M. IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DETERMINANTS OF CURRENT ACCOUNT IN VIETNAM: AN INTERTEMPORAL APPROACH A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS BY DO NGUYEN KHANH LINH Academic Supervisor: NGUYEN VAN NGAI HO CHI MINH CITY, DECEMBER 2013 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Acknowledgement I would like to express sincere gratitude to my supervisor – Prof. Nguyen Van Ngai for scientific guidance, patient encouragement and useful advices, which he has provided throughout the time of preparation and accomplishment of this paper. I also would like to thank to Dr. Truong Dang Thuy who gave precious comments on the draft. Special thanks to Prof. Nguyen Trong Hoai, and Dr. Pham Khanh Nam for guidance and support as our program administrators. I also would like to give my deepest thanks to my parents, and my beloved husband Thanh Binh for his brilliant advices, spiritual supports, and encouragements. i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Table of Contents Acknowledgement. i Table of Contents . ii List of tables . iv List of figures . vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .2 Research objectives and questions .3 Justification of the thesis .4 Organization of the research.4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .2 Definition of Current Account (CA) .3 Theoretical Literature Review .1 The old approaches .2 The intertemporal approach .3 Determinants of CA balance based on the intertemporal approach .41 CHAPTER 3: DATA AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .44 ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.45 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS .2 The dynamics of variables .3 The correlation matrix .4 The regression result.1 Unit Root Test.55 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATION.3 Limitations and directions for further studies .68 iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com List of tables Table 2-1: Empirical studies about determinants of CA balance .33 Table 3-1: The measurements and expected signs of variables .43 Table 3-2: Critical values for Dickey Fuller test.45 Table 3-3: Critical values bounds for testing the hypothesis of no – cointegration relationship.47 Table 4-1: Descriptive statistics .50 Table 4-2: The correlation matrix of variables .53 Table 4-3: The values of stationary tests of all variables .54 Table 4-4: The summary of result .55 Table 4-5: Results of cointegration (m = 1) .56 Table 4-6: ARDL equations chosen with lowest AIC and SIC’s values .56 Table 4-7: Estimated long – run coefficients using the ARDL approach .57 List of figures Figure 1-1: Current account of Vietnam from 1999 to 2012 .2 Figure 2-1: Temporary fall in income .15 Figure 2-2: Current account acts like a shock absorber .22 Figure 2-3: The conceptual framework .41 Figure 3-1: The Analytical framework .44 Figure 4-1: The dynamics of variables .52 iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Abbreviations ARDL : Autoregressive Distributed Lag CA : Current Account CPI : Consumer Price Index ECM : Error Correction Model GMM : Generalized Method of Moments GSO : General Statistics Office of Vietnam IFS : International Financial Statistics IMF : International Monetary Finance LDC : Least Developed Countries NFA : Net Foreign Assets OECD : Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development REER : Real Effective Exchange Rate USD : United States Dollar VND : Vietnam Dong v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Abstract This study attempts to explain theoretically and examine empirically influences of macroeconomics factors on the current account behavior in Vietnam from 2000Q1 to 2010Q2. The study employs the intertemporal approach to build the theory of Vietnam current account behavior’s determinants and applies Autoregressive Distributed Lag method to estimate the model. Theoretically, intertemporal approach was an approach broadly employed to decide determinants of current account recently. It treats current account as an absorber for the economy in facing a shock in income. The study discovers that initial net foreign assets, trade openness, real effective exchange rate and inflation volatility have significant relationships with current account in Vietnam. vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This study attempts to explain theoretically and test empirically influences of macroeconomics factors on the current account behavior in Vietnam. The study employs the intertemporal approach to build the theory of Vietnam current account behavior’s determinant and applies autoregressive distributed lag method to estimate the model. Theoretically, intertemporal approach was an approach broadly employed to decide determinants of current account recently. It treats current account as an absorber for the economy in facing a shock in income. Determinants of current account will be determined based on this idea.1 Problem Statement The current account is a crucial indicator of a country’s economic performance (Knight and Scacciavillani 1998). Current account deficit could damage the economy in many ways. First, current account deficit that accompanies by budget deficit leads to the increasing of debts (Krugman, 1987). According to Ministry of Finance, public debt reached 52.6% of GDP, foreign debt hit 38.8% of GDP in 2010 and was equal 56.6% compared to GDP in 2011. Second, in an economy that applies fixed exchange rate regime and has weak foreign reserve, a prolonged current account deficit may raise the probability of a monetary crisis (Edwards, 2002). The Asian financial crisis in 1997 is a good example for this situation. Third, a serious current account deficit raises people’s expectation of depreciation that increases the volatility of the foreign exchange market. Altogether, maintaining the balance of current account at suitable level is one of the majority missions of macroeconomics policymakers. Consequently, strong understanding about the determinants of current account balance becomes an important subject that requires careful researches (Yang 2011). Like most developing countries in the world, Vietnam mostly suffers from the current account deficit over the past 12 years. There are two deficit periods of 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com current account: the low deficit period in 2002-2006 and the high deficit period in 2006-2010. The first deficit period started in 2002 and reached the lowest value (- 1.93 billion USD) in the year 2003. After 2003, it turned to improve until getting the balance in 2006. However, the situation became worse after 2006.953 billion USD in the year 2007 and -10.823 billion USD in the year 2008. Current account had improved and had an increasing tendency since 2008. It got the surplus position in the year 2012 (see Figure 1-1). Altogether, the situation of current account is still very unpredictable. As observations mentioned in the previous paragraph, the erratic current account level could have a negative impact on the stability of Vietnamese macroeconomic, which has become instability for long time owing to the impact of global crisis and the products of many overlap policy. Therefore, it is very essential to identify determinants of Vietnam’s current account balance so that the country could restore external balance by controlling those causal factors through suitable macroeconomic policy options. Hence, the aim of this paper is to shed the light on finding the determinants of current account in intertemporal approach perspective. Figure 1-1: Current account of Vietnam from 1999 to 2012 15000 15.00% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 CA CA/GDP 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.2 Research objectives and questions The study is attempted to accomplish two major objectives: (1) To find the determining factors that theoretically influence the current account based on intertemporal approach; and (2) To examine those factors statistically explaining the current account behavior in Vietnam. The central question of the research is: “What are the determinants of Vietnamese current account?” To give an answer, this question is divided in to two sub- questions: (1) What is the factors theoretically influencing Vietnamese current account? (2) Do these factors statistically explain the current account in Vietnam? By examining the theoretical literature review and empirical studies this study will get the answer the first one. The second one will be answer by employing econometric method to analyze the determinants which obtained by the first sub-question.3 Justification of the thesis The study gives main contributions in two aspects as follows First, there has been a numerous quantity of empirical researches on the determinants of current account. Many of them work in the case of developing countries. However, there are still no published researches about this topic in the context of Vietnam. Thus, this field in Vietnam still continues being an unexploited subject although the demand for strongly concentration on it is considerable. Hence, this research contributes to the literature as the first comprehensive study about this subject in the Vietnamese case. Second, this research provides useful and reliable understanding of the nature of the Vietnamese current account behavior according to intertemporal approach during the past ten years empirically for macroeconomics policymaker. Consequently, they have dependable evidences to propose and implement better policies for current account. 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.4 Organization of the research The reminder of the thesis research design is organized into four sections as follows: after introduction in the first section 1, literature review is discussed in the second section, the third section is about data and research methodology, the fourth section points out the findings and discussions, and the final section contains the conclusions and policy recommendations. 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction In this chapter, theories and studies of current account behavior will be reviewed. This chapter will particularly concern about intertemporal approach theory due to its central role in this study. The determinants of Vietnamese current account will be introduced after learning carefully intertemporal approach. In addition, other empirical research will be concern to attain the general viewing. Conceptual framework will be introduced in the last section of this chapter.2 Definition of Current Account (CA) The CA is one of the two main elements of the balance of payments. According to Madura (2007), CA is the sum of the trade balances (exports value minus imports value), factor income payments (earnings on foreign investments minus payments for foreign investors). CA = Trade Balance + Income Payment 2.3 Theoretical Literature Review Finding determinants of CA balance has always been the attractive topic of economist for a long time. Initially, many economists such as Caprio and Howard (1984), Baxter and Crucini (1993) try to treat CA balance as a static factor. This leads to the using of static approaches to determine what factors have impacts on CA balance. Although those approaches have an advantage in providing a straightforward and easy perspective, they were claimed to be not effective and not reasonable in explaining CA balance behavior (Obstfeld and Rogoff, 1995; Yang, 2011). The newer approach is dynamic approach that was named intertemporal. The intertemporal approach to the CA was initially recommended by Sachs (1981) and further extended by Obstfeld and Rogoff (1995). This approach is still extended by many researches such as Debelle and Faruqee (1996), Yang (2011) and Brissimis, 5 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Hondroyiannis, Papazoglou, Tsaveas and Vasardani (2012). This approach is based on the consideration that CA balance is a dynamic result that must be determined not only by the recent events but also by the past and the future ones. Therefore, solely concentrating on the recent events could fail to find the determinants of CA balance. Instead, intertemporal approach try to decide the CA balance’s determinants based on investigating effect factors in multiple periods.

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