Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the MSc in Finance FINANCE DISSERTATION ON FACTORS AFFECTING CREDIT DECISIONS FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN VIETINBANK – HANOI BRANCH CAT BAO CHAU ID No: 21071818 Intake 5 Supervisor: Dr. Tran Ngoc Mai September 2022 17014126258271000000 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. Subjectives and Scope. 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.
Small and medium-sized enterprises. Small and medium-sized enterprises definition. Characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises. The role of SMEs in the economy.
Factors affecting credit decisions for small and medium-sized enterprises11 2. Consideration elements in credit decision-making process concerning small and medium sized enterprises. Factors affecting credit decisions for small and medium-sized enterprises. 21 CHAPTER III: FACTORS AFFECTING CREDIT DECISIONS FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES AT VIETINBANK HANOI BRANCH IN CURRENT CONTEXT.
Introduction of Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for industry and trade – Hanoi Branch. The establishment and development of Vietnam Joint Stock commercial bank for industry and trade – Hanoi Branch. Business performance of Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade – Hanoi Branch. Credit services for small and medium-sized enterprises customers at vietinbank hanoi branch in current context.
Current credit for small and medium-sized enterprises customers 28 3. Current non-performing loan of SMEs customers at VietinBank Hanoi Branch. Factors affecting credit decisions for small and medium-sized enterprises customers at vietinbank hanoi branch in current context. Descriptive statistics of the study sample.
30 CHAPTER IV: DATA AND METHODOLOGY. Sampling and data collection method. Data analysis methods. Research model and research hypothesis.
40 CHAPTER 5: ESTIMATION RESULTS AND MAJOR FINDINGS. The Logit model regression results identify factors affecting credit decisions. The Tobit model regression results identify factors affecting credit line 53 5. Comment on the regression results.
55 CHAPTER VI: RECOMMENDATIONS. Recommendations to the state bank. Recommendations to small and medium-sized enterprises. Solutions to improve the accuracy of credit decisions for smes at vietinbank hanoi branch.
72 LIST OF TABLE Table 2.1: Criteria for identifying SMEs by country. Classification of SMEs in Vietnam.1: Capital mobilized over the years .2: Credit balance of VietinBank Hanoi Branch over the years.3: Credit balance of SMEs customers at VietinBank Hanoi Branch .4: Non-performing loan of SMEs .5: Sample statistics according to business operation period and the experience of the business executives .6: Sample statistics according to educational background of the business executives .7: Sample statistics according to the number of credit institutions in relation with the enterprise and the duration of bank relationship .8: Sample statistics according to collateral .9: Statistics of financial indicators .10: Statistics of financial indicators .11: Statistics of credit granting .1: Description of variables in the research model .2: Variables included in the regression model .3: Logit model hypothesis .4: The Tobit model hypothesis .1: Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients .4 Variables in the Equation .5: 1st regression results of the Tobit model .6: 2nd regression results of the Tobit model .7: Summary of factors affecting credit decisions for SMEs at VietinBank – Hanoi Branch .8: Logit model hypothesis test results .9 Tobit model hypothesis test results. Rationale Since the Doi Moi reform in the 90s of the last century, Vietnamese Party and State have affirmed the consistency the policy of multi-sector economic structure, the economy has shifted from a centralized bureaucracy including to a socialist-oriented market economy. Private enterprises had the trend of emerging.
SMEs gradually play a crucial role in stabilizing and developing the market economy. The number of SMEs accounts for the majority of the economy and tends to increase rapidly. However, each SME still witnesses some limitations in terms of capital size, human resources, employees’ qualifications as well as the ability to access external sources of capital which means bank credit. Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade is an institution with long history with many strengths in business.
VietinBank Hanoi Branch is one of the units with high credit balance and credit quality of corporate customers. However, the fact is that the development of SME customers is not commensurate with the potential of the branch. Total line of credit for small and medium enterprises is still significantly low which affects the branch’s efficiency and business stability. Factors that affect the credit decisions for small and medium-sized enterprises is one of the most concerned subjects that authors and organizations are paying attention to for a long time.
Some studies are made, however they are considered as lack of data, unreal assumption and even unreasonable statistic methods. Undeniably, each factor has its own impact, on the other hand, the level of influence is more important. In fact, the factors may not go as they are projected. Therefore, some more details about this 1 topic should be quantitatively carried out so that there would be specific conclussions about not only the exact factor but also the influence level.
Besides, it is necessary to make my own contributions to the business activities of SME fields in the branch. Thanks to practical exposure and accumulated knowledge, I would have conditions when collecting data and the experiences of colleagues to complete this research on small and medium enterprises aspects. Based on the aforementioned statements, I come up to the topic: "Research on factors affecting credit decisions for small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade – Hanoi Branch". Research Objectives The research aims at identifying the factors that affect credit decisions for SMEs in VietinBank – Hanoi Branch and further figuring out the impact level of each specific factor via quantitative model.
On the basis of the research, research results is not only be applied to evaluate the credit worthiness of any SME but also be considered as a reference for VietinBank in Hanoi when making decisions to grant credit to SMEs. The research results are also a basis for SMEs to improve their ability to access to credits from VietinBank in particular and the system of commercial banks in general. In addition, I also make recommendations to the State Bank of Vietnam and VietinBank - Hanoi Branch. Subjectives and Scope 1.
Research subjective Factors that impact on SME credit decision at VietinBank , Hanoi Branch 1. Research scopes In terms of space: Hanoi Branch and trading room both have credit extension activities for SMEs. In terms of time: The data is collected during the period from 2019-2021 in the context that VietinBank was oriented to boost resources for strong growth and dominate the credit market share of SMEs. Methodology There is applied a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, including: Statistics method: Synthesis, analysis and evaluation of factors affecting SME credit decisions at Hanoi Branch Quantitative method: using Logit regression model and discrete linear regression model to determine the factors influencing the decision Credit and credit levels for SMEs at VietinBank – Hanoi Branch.
Sampling method: the research sample was collected through a poll to the subjects who were credit officers. These people directly managed SME customers at Hanoi Branch. Structure: The research is structuralized into 4 chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Literature Review Chapter 3: Overview of Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade – Hanoi Branch Chapter 4: Data and Methodology Chapter 5: Estimation results and major findings Chapter 6: Recommendations 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2. Small and medium-sized enterprises 2.
Small and medium-sized enterprises definition In Vietnam, the Law on Enterprises, passed by the National Assembly in 2014, defined an enterprise as “an organization with its own name, assets, transaction office, and registered establishment in accordance with the law for business purposes.” An enterprise is described as an economic organization, with or without legal status, that conducts business activities in accordance with the provisions of law to achieve certain goals. Enterprises exist in the legal forms of joint stock companies, limited liability companies, partnerships, state-owned enterprises, and private enterprises. Regarding small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): At present, the concepts of SMEs are still inconsistent, international financial institutions and countries have different definitions of this type of enterprise. The classification of SMEs varies even within a country.
The primary reason for this variance is due to the criteria used to classify the scale of enterprises. In general, the criteria are based on some quantitative standards enterprise size, such as revenue, total assets, and the number of employees.1: Criteria for identifying SMEs by country Country Employee (people) Annual revenue <500 for the majority of production <7 million USD for most non- and mining activities manufacturing industries, the USA maximum amount is up to 35.5 million USD EU 10 to 250 2 to 50 million EUR Canada 10 to 250 <50 million CAD 10–20 to 100–200, depending on 200-300,000 ZAR to 4-50 million South Africa industry ZAR, depending on industry <200 in labor-intensive industries Thailand <100 in capital-intensive industries Source: The SME Banking Knowledge Guide –IFC, World Bank Group In Vietnam, SMEs are defined in accordance with Decree 39/2018/ND- CP guiding the Law on support for small and medium-sized enterprises, which replaced Decree 56/2009/ND-CP dated 30/06/2009, based on the scale, the number of employees, total revenue, and total capital of an enterprise, in particular: 6 Table 2. Classification of SMEs in Vietnam Scale Micro-enterprise Small enterprise Medium-sized enterprise Number of Number of Total Total Number of Total Total Total Industry Total revenue employees employees revenue capital employees capital revenue capital Agriculture, Not exceed 10 Not exceed Not exceed Not exceed 100 Not exceed Not exceed Not exceed Not exceed Not exceed forestry, employees 3 billion 3 billion employees 20 billion 20 billion 200 employees 200 billion 100 billion fishery Industry, Not exceed 10 Not exceed Not exceed Not exceed 100 Not exceed Not exceed Not exceed Not exceed Not exceed construction employees 3 billion 3 billion employees 20 billion 20 billion 200 employees 200 billion 100 billion Trade, Not exceed 10 Not exceed Not exceed Not exceed 50 Not exceed Not exceed Not exceed Not exceed Not exceed Services employees 10 billion 3 billion employees 100 billion 50 billion 100 employees 300 billion 100 billion Source: Decree 39/2018/ND-CP guiding the Law on Support for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises 7 2. Characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises a.
Advantages of small and medium-sized enterprises Lean operation system, simple decision-making process Only need a limited amount of capital and small premises. Can start operations with simple production conditions. Fast product rotation, making it easier to utilize personal capital or take loans from friends and family. The organizational structure is compact, flexible, easy to administer, and simple for decision-making.
In addition, due to the flexibility and small size, these enterprises may immediately detect changes in market demand to promptly change business direction, which helps to foster dynamism, innovation, self- control and business acumen in changing products. As a result, enterprises will stimulate economic development. Willing to pursue profit in new and high-risk industries and fields. As these businesses require minimal capital and employ few labors, they are not afraid of taking risks.
In the event of failure, SMEs will not incur as severe losses as large corporations and will be able to relaunch the operations. As it is difficult for SMEs to compete with large and well-known firms in the market due to their small size, they expect profits from investment and business with a higher level of risk. Efficient operation with the ability to invest in equipment. SMEs with limited business capital frequently have low-value fixed assets, making it easier to invest in upgrading and replacing equipment.
In Vietnam, SMEs take advantage of substantial labor resources, simplified operating structure, and flexible decision-making process to produce high- quality, market-competitive products. Disadvantages of small and medium-sized enterprises The disadvantages of SMEs include objective challenges as well as limitations resulting from SMEs' own advantages. The most significant disadvantage of SMEs is their small scale and low capital.