The Industrial Electronics Handbook SEcond EdITIon Fundamentals oF IndustrIal electronIcs © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC The Industrial Electronics Handbook SEcond EdITIon Fundamentals oF IndustrIal electronIcs Power electronIcs and motor drIves control and mechatronIcs IndustrIal communIcatIon systems IntellIgent systems © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC The Electrical Engineering Handbook Series Series Editor Richard C. Dorf University of California, Davis Titles Included in the Series The Avionics Handbook, Second Edition, Cary R. Spitzer The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, Third Edition, Joseph D. Bronzino The Circuits and Filters Handbook, Third Edition, Wai-Kai Chen The Communications Handbook, Second Edition, Jerry Gibson The Computer Engineering Handbook, Vojin G. Oklobdzija The Control Handbook, Second Edition, William S. Levine CRC Handbook of Engineering Tables, Richard C. Dorf Digital Avionics Handbook, Second Edition, Cary R. Spitzer The Digital Signal Processing Handbook, Vijay K. Madisetti and Douglas Williams The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, Second Edition, Leonard L. Grigsby The Electrical Engineering Handbook, Third Edition, Richard C. Dorf The Electronics Handbook, Second Edition, Jerry C. Whitaker The Engineering Handbook, Third Edition, Richard C. Dorf The Handbook of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Mohammad Ilyas The Handbook of Formulas and Tables for Signal Processing, Alexander D. Poularikas Handbook of Nanoscience, Engineering, and Technology, Second Edition, William A. Goddard, III, Donald W. Lyshevski, and Gerald J. Iafrate The Handbook of Optical Communication Networks, Mohammad Ilyas and Hussein T. Mouftah The Industrial Electronics Handbook, Second Edition, Bogdan M. David Irwin The Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, John G. Webster The Mechanical Systems Design Handbook, Osita D. Nwokah and Yidirim Hurmuzlu The Mechatronics Handbook, Second Edition, Robert H. Bishop The Mobile Communications Handbook, Second Edition, Jerry D. Gibson The Ocean Engineering Handbook, Ferial El-Hawary The RF and Microwave Handbook, Second Edition, Mike Golio The Technology Management Handbook, Richard C. Dorf Transforms and Applications Handbook, Third Edition, Alexander D. Poularikas The VLSI Handbook, Second Edition, Wai-Kai Chen © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC The Industrial Electronics Handbook SEcond EdITIon Fundamentals oF IndustrIal electronIcs Edited by Bogdan M. david Irwin © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. and is used with permission. The MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book’s use or discussion of MATLAB® software or related products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB® software. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Fundamentals of industrial electronics / editors, Bogdan M.” Includes bibliographical references and index.381--dc22 2010019980 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.com © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Contents Preface. xiii Editorial Board. xvii Contributors����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓� xxi Part Iâ•… Circuits and Signals 1 DC and Transient Circuit Analysis. Berry and Deborah J. Walter 2 AC Circuit Analysis. Berry and Deborah J. Walter 3 Computational Methods in Node and Loop Analyses. David Irwin 4 Transistor Operation and Modeling. 4-1 Tina Hudson 5 Application of Operational Amplifiers. Berry and Deborah J. Walter 6 Frequency Response and Bode Diagrams. Kim 7 Laplace Transforms. Nelson Part IIâ•… Devices 8 Semiconductor Diode. Wilamowski 9 Bipolar Junction Transistor. Wilamowski and Guofu Niu vii © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC viii Contents 10 Field Effect Transistors. David Irwin 11 Noise in Semiconductor Devices. 11-1 Alicja Konczakowska and Bogdan M. Wilamowski 12 Physical Phenomena Used in Sensors. 12-1 Tiantian Xie and Bogdan M. Wilamowski 13 MEMS Devices. Quero, Antonio Luque, Luis Castañer, Angel Rodríguez, Adrian Ionescu, Montserrat Fernández-Bolaños, Lorenzo Faraone, and John M. Dell 14 MEMS Technologies. 14-1 Antonio Luque, José M. Quero, and Carles Cané 15 Applications of MEMS. 15-1 Antonio Luque, José M. Quero, Robert Lempkowski, and Francisco Ibáñez 16 Transistors in Switching Circuits. 16-1 Tina Hudson 17 Transistors in Amplifier Circuits. 17-1 Tina Hudson 18 A Simplistic Approach to the Analysis of Transistor Amplifiers. David Irwin 19 Analog and Digital VLSI Design. 19-1 Vishal Saxena and R. Jacob Baker Part IIIâ•… Digital Circuits 20 Digital Design—Combinational Logic. 20-1 Buren Earl Wells and Sin Ming Loo 21 Digital Design—Sequential Logic. 21-1 Sin Ming Loo and Arlen Planting 22 Soft-Core Processors. 22-1 Arlen Planting and Sin Ming Loo 23 Computer Architecture. Nelson 24 FPGAs and Reconfigurable Systems. Rodriguez-Andina and Eduardo de la Torre © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Contents ix Part IVâ•… Digital and Analog Signal Processing 25 Signal Processing. Heinen and Russell J. Niederjohn 26 Analog Filter Synthesis. 26-1 Nam Pham and Bogdan M. Wilamowski 27 Active Filter Implementation. 27-1 Nam Pham, Bogdan M. Wilamowski, and John W. Steadman 28 Designing Passive Filters with Lossy Elements. 28-1 Marcin Jagiela and Bogdan M. Wilamowski Part Vâ•… Electromagnetics 29 Electromagnetic Fields I. Killian, and Michael E. Baginski 30 Propagating Electromagnetic Fields. Rao, and Tyler N. Killian 31 Transmission Line Time-Domain Analysis and Signal Integrity. 31-1 Edward Wheeler, Jianjian Song, and David R. Index-1 © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Preface The field of industrial electronics covers a plethora of problems that must be solved in industrial practice. Electronic systems control many processes that begin with the control of relatively simple devices like electric motors, through more complicated devices such as robots, to the control of entire fabrication processes. An industrial electronics engineer deals with many physical phenomena as well as the sensors that are used to measure them. Thus, the knowledge required by this type of engineer is not only tra- ditional electronics but also specialized electronics, for example, that required for high-power applica- tions. The importance of electronic circuits extends well beyond their use as a final product in that they are also important building blocks in large systems, and thus the industrial electronics engineer must also possess knowledge of the areas of control and mechatronics. Since most fabrication processes are relatively complex, there is an inherent requirement for the use of communication systems that not only link the various elements of the industrial process but are also tailor-made for the specific industrial environment. Finally, the efficient control and supervision of factories require the application of intelli- gent systems in a hierarchical structure to address the needs of all components employed in the produc- tion process. This is accomplished through the use of intelligent systems such as neural networks, fuzzy systems, and evolutionary methods. The Industrial Electronics Handbook addresses all these issues and does so in five books outlined as follows: 1. Fundamentals of Industrial Electronics 2. Power Electronics and Motor Drives 3. Control and Mechatronics 4. Industrial Communication Systems 5. Intelligent Systems The editors have gone to great lengths to ensure that this handbook is as current and up to date as pos- sible. Thus, this book closely follows the current research and trends in applications that can be found in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. This journal is not only one of the largest engineering publications of its type in the world, but also one of the most respected. In all technical categories in which this journal is evaluated, its worldwide ranking is either number 1 or number 2 depending on category. As a result, we believe that this handbook, which is written by the world’s leading researchers in the field, presents the global trends in the ubiquitous area commonly known as industrial electronics. Fundamentals of Industrial Electronics deals with the fundamental areas that form the basis for the field of industrial electronics. Because of the breadth of this field, the knowledge required spans a wide spectrum of technology, which includes analog and digital circuits, electronics, electromagnetic machines, and signal processing. The knowledge gained here is then applied in Power Electronics and Motor Drives, Control and Mechatronics, Industrial Communication Systems, and Intelligent Systems, and in total form the Industrial Electronics Handbook. xi © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC xii Preface For MATLAB • and Simulink• product information, please contact The MathWorks, Inc. 3 Apple Hill Drive Natick, MA, 01760-2098 USA Tel: 508-647-7000 Fax: 508-647-7001 E-mail: info@mathworks.com Web: www.com © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Acknowledgments The editors wish to express their heartfelt thanks to their wives Barbara Wilamowski and Edie Irwin for their help and support during the execution of this project. xiii © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Editorial Board Jake Baker Guofu Niu Boise State University Auburn University Boise, Idaho Auburn, Alabama Alicja Konczakowska John W. Steadman Gdansk University of Technology University of South Alabama Gdansk, Poland Mobile, Alabama Victor P. Nelson Auburn University Auburn, Alabama xv © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Editors Bogdan M. Wilamowski received his MS in computer engineering in 1966, his PhD in neural computing in 1970, and Dr. in integrated circuit design in 1977. He received the title of full professor from the president of Poland in 1987. He was the director of the Institute of Electronics (1979–1981) and the chair of the solid state electronics department (1987–1989) at the Technical University of Gdansk, Poland. He was a professor at the University of Wyoming, Laramie, from 1989 to 2000. From 2000 to 2003, he served as an associate director at the Microelectronics Research and Telecommunication Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, and as a professor in the elec- trical and computer engineering department and in the computer sci- ence department at the same university. Currently, he is the director of ANMSTC—Alabama Nano/Micro Science and Technology Center, Auburn, and an alumna professor in the electrical and computer engineering department at Auburn University, Alabama. Wilamowski was with the Communication Institute at Tohoku University, Japan (1968–1970), and spent one year at the Semiconductor Research Institute, Sendai, Japan, as a JSPS fellow (1975–1976). He was also a visiting scholar at Auburn University (1981–1982 and 1995–1996) and a visiting professor at the University of Arizona, Tucson (1982–1984). He is the author of 4 textbooks, more than 300 refereed publications, and has 27 patents. He was the principal professor for about 130 graduate students. His main areas of interest include semiconductor devices and sensors, mixed signal and analog signal processing, and computa- tional intelligence.
