THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY PROGRAM ADVANCED EDUCATION Student name: Nguyen Binh Minh Student ID: 1053060032 K42 - AEP THE LAND COVER MAPPING OF DONG HY DISTRICT, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE USING SATELLITE IMAGES AND GIS Supervisor: Msc. Nguyen Van Hieu Thai Nguyen 15th January, 2015 n ABSTRACT Land use/cover change mapping is one of the basic tasks for environmental monitoring and management. This research was conducted to analyze the land use and land cover changes in Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province. In recent years, a variety of change detection techniques have been developed.
The data sources used in this study were Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 images taken in November 2004, and December 2013, respectively. By using ArcGIS and ENVI software and remote sensing data, a supervised classification was performed based on fusion data from a composite image of the bands. Using this output, available secondary data together with field data in order to perform a Maximum Likelihood supervised classification. Six classes were classified, namely forest, water, mineral, residential, traffic, rice – crops and water.
With overall accuracy 96.9502 in 2004 , overall accuracy 96.2690% and kappa coefficient = 0. After conducted, we have: - Land cover map of Dong Hy district in 2004 and 2013 - Land cover changes map of Dong Hy district in period 2004 – 2013 With the results achieved, we can realize the remote sensing and GIS technology is effective method for high accuracy, cost savings in the classification and analysis of land cover changes. n ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Approved by International Training Center – Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, with the enthusiastic help of Dong Hy district, the teachers, and peoples at Center for Foreign Language and Applied Informatics, I have done to implement the research: “The land cover mapping of Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province using satellite images and GIS”. Through the implementation process I have gained much useful knowledge as well as certain results.
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Msc Nguyen Van Hieu who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project, which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and i came to know about so many new things I am really thankful to them. Secondly i would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finishing this project within the limited time. I would also like to thanks the officers and staffs of the Dong Hy district who enthusiastically communicated word experience and helped me a lot in the supply of data for my research to create conditions for I can complete this research. In addition, I would like to thank family, friends and relatives who were always at my side to encourage and help me in the learning process as well as during the time I performed research.
Again, I sincerely thank! Student Nguyen Binh Minh Thai Nguyen, January 8 ,2015 n LIST OF ACRONYMS GIS Geographic information systems NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index RS Remote sensing SPOT System Pour l'Observation de la Terre IRS Indian Remote Sensing Lidar Light Detection and Ranging MOS Marine Observation Satellite SeaWiFS Sea-viewing Wide-Field-of View Sensor FLIR Forward Looking InfraRed RADAR RAdio Detection And Ranging USLE Universal Soil Loss Equation GDP Gross Domestic Product VND Vietnamese dong ROI Region Of Interest n LISTS OF TABLES Table Name Page Table 1 Land cover system 5 Table 2 Landsat satellite system 13 Table 3 Parameters of ETM Landsat ( Landsat 5) 14 Table 4 Parameters of LDCM Landsat (Landsat 8 ): 15 Table 5 Statistics sample collection 22 Table 6: Economic development in Dong Hy district period 2011 – 23 2013 Table 7 The norms of income 30 Table 8 The information of Landsat 33 Table 9: Recognizing the features on images and fields 34, 35 Table 10 Results of the accuracy evaluation in 2004 40 Table 11: Results of the accuracy evaluation in 2013 41 Table 12 Statistical fluctuations of land cover in the period 2004 - 45 2013 n LIST OF FIGURES I. Definitions of land cover. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Geographic information system (GIS).
Geographic information system (GIS). The Land sat program. The research in the world. The research in Viet Nam.
Object, scope and time of research. The objects of research. Content of research. Field trips method.
Building the land cover changes map. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Accuracy assessment and image processing after classified. RESULT AND DISCUSSION.
Evaluating the natural conditions and socioeconomic in research area. The geographic location. The topography and geomorphology. The climate and hydrology.
Economic development status. The Population, labor and employment. The culture and society. The infrastructure status.
The process of current status land cover mapping. Analyze remote sensing image, determine land cover in Dong Hy district. The process of calculate NDVI. Remote sensing image classification.
Evaluating the accuracy after classification. ArcGIS application, editting current status land cover. Building current status land cover map. Building fluctuations map.
Analysis of fluctuation. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. Background Land cover is all the material composition of natural and artificial cover on the earth’s surface includes: vegetation, the constructions of human, soil, water, sandy soil… Land cover show the current status. Over time, land cover is continuous change under strong impact of disasters, human – That is the economic – Social development activities.
Research mapping land cover using remote sensing and GIS technology helps to shorten the time compared to the built maps technologies previously and it is important contributions in the management of natural resources, assess the current state of vegetation. With these pressures, land and land cover are constantly fluctuating with the development of society. This is a special resource can exploitation and use but can not increase in quantity. Therefore, the monitoring, research, management and the use of natural resources is an effective and reasonable.
Remote sensing technology is increasingly widely used in many sectors, fields of meteorology - hydrology, geology, from environment to agriculture - forestry - fisheries,. including monitoring changes in the types of land cover with high accuracy, which can help managers have more resources to monitor land-use change. This is considered as one of the solutions for the posed problems. On the other hand, this method has not been tested application in the area of Dong Hy district.
So, research " The land cover mapping of Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province using satellite images and GIS " is performed. Purposes - Research overview of the land cover map, satellite images and geographic information systems (GIS). - Research on remote sensing and GIS technology in mapping land cover work. - Research on the spectral properties of natural objects.
- Develop process mapping land cover by remote sensing and GIS technology. - Assess the current state of the land cover in Dong Hy District, Thai Nguyen Province. Requirements - Adequate the data of natural condition, socioeconomic and spatial data. - Classify and handling the data collected.
- The result of evaluating the current state of the land cover - Proficiency in using GIS software to mapping data and analyze the data 1. Signification Mapping land cover using remote sensing and GIS technology help to shorten the time compare to the built map technologies previously - The significance in learning and research: to learn the research methods, evaluating the changes in land cover. - The significance in reality: Applying the knowledge on reality combine with collect and analyzing data. Assessing the changes in land cover, providing information to community in the research area.
Definitions of land cover 2. Land cover a) Definitions Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth. Land covers include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc. Earth cover is the expression used by ecologist Frederick Edward Clements that has its closest modern equivalent being vegetation.
The expression continues to be used by the Bureau of Land Management. b) Land cover classification: Digital image classification is the process of assigning pixels to class. Usually each pixel is treated as an individual unit composed of values in several spectral bands. Unsupervised classification method is used to identify natural groups, or structure, within multispectral data.
Only afterwards information labels are assigned to the resulting groups. The disadvantage and limitation of these methods primarily arise from a reliance upon “natural” grouping and difficulties in matching these groups to the informational categories that are of interest to the interpreter. In addition, the interpreter limit controls over the menu of classes and their specific identities. By contrast, supervised classification method is the process of using samples of known identity (training area or training field) and extends it to the entire image.
Each primitive image is characterized by n observations (the values in n data channels). The samples training are vectors in an n-dimensional space (the feature space). A supervised classifier uses the distribution of the samples training for each class to estimate density functions in the feature space and to divide the space into class regions. 3 n Table 1: Land cover system Level 1 Level 2 1.
Urban 11 Residential 12 Downtown and services 13 Industrial plants. 14 Traffic 15 Public buildings 16 Welfare buildings 17 Sports Recreation Area 18 Mixture Zone 19 Open land and other land 2. Rice - Crops 21 Crops and grassland 22 Fruit trees 23 Barn 24 Other Agriculture 3. Fallow lands 31 Pastoral land 32 Shrub land 33 Mixed land 4.
Forest 41 Green forest 42 Deciduous forest 43 Mixed forest 4 n 44 Bare forest 45 Forest has burnt out 5. Water 51 Streams and canals 52 Lakes 53 Water collection tank 54 Bays and estuaries 55 Sea water 6. Wetlands 61 Wetlands have plant created forest 62 Wetlands have plant can’t created forest 63 Wetlands haven’t plant 7. 71 Lake has dry 72 Beach (Thach Nguyen Ngoc, 2012) [20] 2.
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is an index of plant “Greenness” or photosynthetic activity, and is one of the most commonly used vegetation indices. Vegetation indices are based on the observation that different surfaces reflect different types of light differently. Photosynthetically active vegetation, in particular, absorbs most of the red light that hits it while reflecting much of the near infrared light. Vegetation that is dead or stressed reflects more red light and less near infrared light.
Likewise, non-vegetated surfaces have a much more even reflectance across the light spectrum. 5 n By taking the ratio of red and near infrared bands from a remotely-sensed image, an index of vegetation “greenness” can be defined. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is probably the most common of these ratio indices for vegetation. NDVI is calculated on a per-pixel basis as the normalized difference between the red and near infrared bands from an image: NDVI = (NIR-RED)/ (NIR+RED) By which NIR is the near infrared band value for a cell and RED is the red band value for the cell.
NDVI can be calculated for any image that has a red and a near infrared band. The biophysical interpretation of NDVI is the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation. Geographic information system (GIS) 2. Geographic information system (GIS) a.
Definition A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data. The acronym GIS is sometimes used for geographical information science or geospatial information studies to refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic information systems and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of Geo-informatics. What goes beyond a GIS is a spatial data infrastructure, a concept that has no such restrictive boundaries. b, Basic Elements of GIS Hardware: Hardware is the computer system on which a GIS operates.