THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY NGUYEN HUONG GIANG APPLICATION OF SATELLITE IMAGE AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TO BUILD UP THE LAND COVER CHANGE MAP FOR MANAGEMENT OF TAIPEI CITY BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science And Management Faculty : International Training and Development Center Batch : 2010 - 2015 Thai Nguyen 30/09/2015 i Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Full name NGUYEN HUONG GIANG Student ID DTN1153180029 Application of satellite image and geographic Thesis Title information system (GIS) to build-up the land cover change for the management of Taipei city Ph.D, Associate Professor Tang-Huang Lin (National Central University, Taiwan). Associate Professor Chung-Pai Chang (National Central Supervisor(s) University, Taiwan). Do Anh Tai ( Thai Nguyen University). Abstract: The main objective of this research is aimed at producing the land use and land cover change (LULCC) maps of the Taipei city using satellite image and geographic information system (GIS) with a focus on urban development during the period 2004 – 2014.
The producer’s accuracy for both two images ranged from 89.4 %, whilst the user’s accuracy ranged from 85. The overall accuracies of 2004 and 2014 were 94.4%, with kappa coefficient of 0. A post-classification comparison change detection algorithm was used to determine changes for land cover from ii 2004 to 2014.The LULC from Landsat images map showed about 2883 ha (10.61%) area has been changed from vegetation to building. The amount of building area increased by 4995 ha (18.39 % of the total area), while vegetation area decreased by 5075 ha (18.
In addition, the brightness temperature map (BTM) from thermal infrared image observed from satellite can be utilized for assessing the impact of urbanization on thermal environment during the study period. The result shows that the land surface brightness temperature (LSBT) increased 3.690 C from 2004 to 2014, indicating the more building area the higher temperature usually is. By applying the satellite visible images associated with ArcGIS and ENVI software, the results of LULC and LSBT change detection can provide the reference for land management and environmental protection more efficiently. Taipei city is the biggest industrial and commercial center in Taiwan.
The population reached 2,618,772 people in 2010 already. Compared with 2009, the total population had been increased by 11,344 people (Taipei lookbook, 2010). The population growth and socio-economic development results in rapid increasing transportation and urban expansion to suburban regions. The effects of urbanization on local weather and climate change resulted in a remarkable increase in mean temperatures from 2004 to 2014.
According to the assessments, the strategy can be proposed for the management and protection environment in Taipei city, Taiwan. iii Taipei city, Land cover change map, ArcGIS software, Keywords ENVI software, urbanization, Land surface brightness temperature. Number of pages 64 Date of submission September, 30, 2015 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I wish to express our sincere thanks to Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research (CSRSR) of National Central University (NCU), Taiwan for providing me all necessary facilities, skills and knowledge to complete this bachelor thesis. Furthermore, I want to deeply thank our principal research adviser Assoc.
Tang-Huang Lin, Prof. Chang Chung-Pai and Assoc. Do Anh Tai guided me wholeheartedly when I study for my project. Especially thankful to International Training Center – Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry has facilitated for me the chance to come here to study and get more knowledge exchange.
Finally yet importantly, I take this opportunity to record my sense of gratitude to my families and friends who encourage and backing me unceasingly. Thai Nguyen, 30/09/ 2015 Author Nguyen Huong Giang v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES. 1 LIST OF TABLES. …2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
The land cover. The land covers change. Geographic information system (GIS). The Landsat program.
The research in the world. The research in Viet Nam .MATERIALS AND METHODS. The objects and scope of research. The content of research.
Methods build-up land cover change map in period 2004-2014. Methods Build-up Brightness Temperature Map. Data collection of Landsat image thermal band. Conversion of the Digital Number (DN) to Spectral Radiance (Lλ).
Conversion to At-Satellite Brightness Temperature. Transfer the temperature value from Kelvin unit to Celsius unit. The natural conditions and socioeconomic in research area. Socioeconomic conditions in Taipei city.
Classification accuracy assessment of Taipei city in 2004 and 2014. Land Cover Maps. Landsat classification area statistics for 2004 and 2014. Land cover Map for Landsat 5 TM (2004).
Land cover Map for Landsat 8 TM (2014). Land cover change map from 2004 to 2014. Brightness temperature map (BTM) for Taipei city 2004 and 2014. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION.
62 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Remote Sensing procedures .1(a): Satellite images cover the research area in 2004 .1(b): Satellite images cover the research area in 2014 .2(a): Composite bands 4, 3, 2 for LS-5 TM image; July 12th 2004 .2(b): Composite bands 5, 4, 3 for LS-8 OLI/TIRS Pre-WRS2 image; August 25th, 2014 .3: Landsat images shown in True and False composite colors .4: The classification image after we used the tool filtering .5: The Landsat thermal band image of Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 .6: The formula calculate spectral radian of Land sat 5(2004) and Landsat 8 (2014).7 : The formular calculate the At-Satellite Brightness Temperature 2004- 2014 .1: The Geographical location map of Taipei city .2: The classified images of land cover map for 2004 .3: The statistics percentage of land cover type classification in 2004 .4: The classified images of land cover map for 2014 .5: The statistics percentage of land cover type classification in 2014 .6: Land cover change of Taipei city in 2004-2014 .7 : Brightness temperature map of Taipei city in 2004 .8 : Surface brightness temperature (SBT) map of Taipei city in 2014 .57 1 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Level of the classification .2 : Parameters of ETM Landsat (Landsat 5) .3: Parameters of LDCM Landsat (Landsat 8) .1: The information of Landsat image .2: Land cover classification scheme.3: K1 and K2 Values in Landsat 8and Landsat5 images .4: Rescaling Factor in Landsat 8 image and Landsat 5 images .1: Accuracy assessment of LULC classification in 2004 and 2004 .2 : Accuracy assessment of classified land cover change in 2004 .3: Accuracy assessment of classified land cover change in 2014 .4 : Summary of classification area with Landsat data in 2004 and 2014 .5 : Statistical fluctuations of land cover change in the period 2004 - 2014. 55 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BTM Brightness temperature map CASI Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager DN Digital Number ENVI The Environment for Visualizing Images EROS Earth Resources Observation and Science ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute FLIR Forward Looking InfraRed GDB Create Geodatabases GIS Geographic Information System IDL Interactive Data Language IRS Indian Remote Sensing LCC Land-Cover Changes LCCS Land Cover Classification System Lidar Light Detection and Ranging LULCC Land-use and land-cover change MEIS-II Multispectral Electro-optical Imaging Scanner MOS Marine Observation Satellite NIR Near Infrared NDVI The normalized vegetation index NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration OLI The Operational Land Imager ROI Region of Interest 3 RSS Remote Sensing Systems RS Remote Sensing SPOT System Pour l'Observation de la Terre RADAR Radio Detection And Ranging SeaWiFS Sea-viewing Wide-Field-of View Sensor TRRI Total reflected radiance index TIRS Thermal Infrared Sensor TRRI Total Reflected Radiance Index USGS United States Geological Survey 4 PART I. Research rationale Land is one of the most important natural resource, serving as a support for life and other developmental activities. Nowadays, population increased dramatically released to population density rise and industry zone, the private industry park and raise strength economic society.
All of things which affected strong to land, specific with a city have speed development quickly such Taipei city. Overtime, with these pressures of urbanization speed, which became main reason related to LCC. Additionally, land cover impacted under strong natural disasters, human, economic and social development activities. Study building the LCC map by satellite image and GIS technology helps to shorten the time compared to other technology mapping ago and it is factor important contributions in the management and assessing the current state of the environment.
Therefore, the monitoring, research, management and the use of urban environment is an effective and reasonable speed urbanization developing such as Taipei city in Taiwan. Remote sensing and GIS technology are well developed and widely applied to the related fields such as: atmosphere, hydrology, geology, environmental and agriculture, forestry observations. Therefore, it’s an efficient way to monitor the changes of land cover by means of remote sensing technology with high accuracy for the environmental management of research area. Thus, having this project conducted “Application of satellite image and geographic information system (GIS) to build up the land cover change map for the management of Taipei city, Taiwan”.
Research objectives This study is generally aimed at producing land cover maps of the Taipei city in order to monitor LCC with a focus on urban expansion during the period 2004 – 2014. The specific objectives of this study are: - To produce land cover maps for 2004 and 2014. - To detect and analyze the LCC of the Taipei city in the period 2004-2014 - To build-up land surface temperature maps for 2004 and 2014 to assess the environment status.The requirement - To acquire adequate data of natural condition, socio economic and spatial data. - To classify land cover type and process data.
- To accuracy assesement of land cover map in 2004-2014. - To evaluate the impact of distribution land cover change on transformation of land surface temperature. - To be fluent ENVI and Arcgis software to mapping data and analyzing data. The significance: - For learning and researching purpose: to understand about two software ENVI and Arcgis and to find ways to evaluate the changes in land cover changes and analyze the impact of land cover change to the land surface temperature.
This study is intended to use remotely sensed data to map and detect changes in land cover of the land cover type in the last 10 years (2004 – 2014). 6 - The practical significance: Applying the knowledge on reality combine with collecting and analyzing data, assessing the impact of land cover changed, providing information to local community about land cover change effect how with temperature and its effects in the research area and then suggest several reasonable strategies and measures from predictions in the thesis. The land cover a) Definitions: Land cover is defined as the physical and biological cover over the surface of land, including water, vegetation, bare soil, and/or artificial structures (Ellis et al. Land cover is a geographical feature which may form a reference base for applications ranging from forest and rangeland monitoring, production of statistics, planning, investment, biodiversity, climate change, to desertification control.
Better assessment of the changes of land cover by using digital analysis of remote sensing satellite data can help decision makers to develop effective plans for the management of land (Gordon, 1980; Milington et al. The different types of land cover can be manage or use differently. Land cover could be determined by analyzing satellite and aerial imagery. Land cover maps provide information to help managers best understand the status landscape.
To see change over time, the land cover maps for several different years are needed. With this information, managers can evaluate past management decisions as well as gain insight into the possible effects of their current decisions before they are implemented. Coastal managers use land cover data and maps to better understanding the impacts of natural phenomena and human use of the landscape.