BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO ĐẠI HỌC KINH TÉ THÀNH PHÓ HÒ CHÍ MINH BÁO CÁO TÔNG KÉT ĐÊ TÀI NGHIÊN cứu KHOA HỌC THAM GIA XÉT GIẢI THƯỞNG 'NHÀ NGHIÊN cứó TRẺ UEH” NĂM 2024 THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs): HOW GREEN MARKETING INFLUENCE ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ GREEN PRODUCTS PURCHASE BEHAVIOR? Thuộc nhóm chuyên ngành: 1. Kinh tê: Thương mại - quan trị kinh doanh; Du lịch - Marketing TP. Hồ Chí Minh, tháng 2/2024 2 ABSTRACT Ho Chi Minh City, known for its rapid development, is witnessing an emerging trend towards eco-friendly initiatives at both institutional levels and among its university students. These students, recognized for their education and strong commitment to environmental preservation, represent a crucial and sizable consumer group for numerous brands.
They possess a profound understanding and awareness of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aimed to examine and measure the effects of Green Attitude, Green Marketing, Green Brand Image, Subjective Norm, and Green Purchase Intention on the Green Purchase Behavior of these students. To gather insights, qualitative research was conducted via a focus group with 10 students from 5 diverse universities across the city, along with in-depth discussions within the research team. This was followed by an extensive online survey involving 252 participants.
The collected data underwent analysis for internal consistency reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, along with hypothesis testing and evaluation of differences among qualitative variables, using SPSS 20.0 and Smart PLS 4. Findings from the study revealed that Green Purchase Behavior is significantly affected by Green Attitude, Green Marketing, Subjective Norm, and Green Purchase Intention. Conversely, Green Brand Image showed no significant effect. Additionally, Green Attitude, Green Marketing, and Green Brand Image were found to significantly influence Green Purchase Intention, Subjective Norm does not.
Keywords: Green marketing, Green purchase intention, Green purchase behavior, Sustainable Development Goals, University's student. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT. 2 LIST OF TABLES.7 LIST OF FIGURES. 7 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
General research objective. Detailed research objectives. Subject and scope of research. Qualitative research method.
Quantitative research method. LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT. The theories basis of Planned Behavior (TPB). The theories basis of Consumer buying decision process.
Concept of each factor in research model. Green Brand Image. Previous relevant research. Summary of previous studies.
The Impact of Green Attitude (GA) on Green Purchase Intention (GPI) 42 4 2. The Impact of Green Marketing (GM) on Green Purchase Intention (GPI). The Impact of Green Brand Image (GB) on Green Purchase Intention (GPI). The Impact of Subjective Norm (SN) on Green Purchase Intention (GPI).
The Impact of Green Attitude (GA) on Green Purchase Behavior (GPB) 45 2. The Impact of Green Marketing (GM) on Green Purchase Behavior (GPB). The Impact of Green Brand Image (GB) on Green Purchase Behavior (GPB). The Impact of Subjective Norm (SN)on Green Purchase Behavior (GPB).
The Impact of Green Purchase Intention (GPI) on Green Purchase Behavior (GPB). Proposal research model. Qualitative research design. Qualitative research results.
Measurement model analysis by SmartPLS 4. Structural model analysis by SmartPLS 4. T-test and ANOVA test by SPSS 20. Assessment of measurement model.
Internal consistency reliability - Cronbach's alpha (CA). Convergent validity - outer loadings and the average variance extracted (AVE). Discriminant validity - Fornell-Larcker standard. Assessment of structural model.
Path coefficient and hypothesis testing. Discover the differences in Green Purchase Behavior between university students in Ho Chi Minh City. Discover the difference in Green Purchase Behavior between university students in Ho Chi Minh City according to “Gender'. Discover the difference in Green Purchase Behavior between university students in Ho Chi Minh City according to “Undergraduate Year’'.
Discover the difference in Green Purchase Behavior between university students in Ho Chi Minh City according to “Income". RESEARCH CONCLUSION & MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS. Conclusion of the research project. Discuss and compare with results of previous studies.
The new findings of the research. Limitations and directions for the future research.76 APPENDIX 1: OUTLINE OF THE GROUP DISCUSSION. 95 APPENDIX 3: OUTER LOADINGS.99 6 APPENDIX 4: DISCOVER THE DIFFERENCES IN GREEN PURCHASE BEAHV1OR BETWEEN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN HO CHI MINH CITY THROUGH QUALITATIVE FACTORS. 100 7 LIST OF TABLES Figure 2.
A Schematic Diagram Of The TPB Conceptual Framework. Consumer Buying Decision Process. Research Model Of Deepak Jaiswala, Rishi Kantb (2017). Research Model Of George Amoako, Robert Dzogbenuku, Joshua Doe, Geoffrey Kwasi Adjaison (2020).
Research Model Of Richa Chaudhary, Samrat Bisai (2018). Research Model Of Rambalak Yadav, Govind s. Research Model Of Tariq Jalees, Sahar Qabool, Syed Imran Zaman & Syed Hasnain Alam Kazmi (2021). Research Model Of Almoussawi, z.
Research Model Of Alamsyah, D. Research Model Of Liobikienẻ, G Et Al (2016). Research Model Of Jaini, A. Research Model Of Ok Park, J.
Proposal Research Model. The Results Of Outer Loading Coefficients. Path Coefficient Result In Smartpls. 64 LIST OF FIGURES Table 2.
Summary Of Previous Studies. Original And Adjusted Measurement Of Concepts. Details Of Demographics (N = 252). Assessment Of Measurement Model.
Fornell & Larcker Criterion. Collinearity Table: Variance Inflation Coefficient (Vif) Results. Path Coefficient And Hypothesis Testing Results. 65 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AVE Average variance extracted CA Cronbach's alpha CR Composite reliability FTU Foreign Trade University GA Green attitude GB Green Brand image GM Green Marketing GPB Green purchase behavior GPI Green purchase intention SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SN Subjective norms TPB Theory of Planned Behavior TRA Theory of Reasoned Action UEH University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City UEL University of Economics and Law UFM University of Finance and Marketing VLU Van Lang University VND Vietnamese Dong 9 CHAPTER 1.
Overview Internationally increasing awareness of environmental degradation and the deterioration of the environment have led to the endly products. A customer survey indicates that 56% of global buyers are willing to accept premium prices for business goods and services to achieve sustainable business practices (Fletcher and Nielsen, 2017). Additionally, professional buyers are expected to purchase green goods to make a contribution to a sustainable goal as well as to get a green competitive advantage (Konuk, Rahman, & Salo, 2015). This change in customer attitudes and behaviors towards green products has led to a transformation in many companies’ marketing strategies which is indispensable to help their company stay competitive in the marketplace as well as to achieve business sustainability (Suki, 2016), therefore, to many enterprises, sustainability is no longer an optional choice but a required objective (Ghosh, 2019) In today's competitive landscape, enterprises are rapidly adopting green marketing practices as a primary marketing strategy to attract customers with a high sense of environmental responsibility.
This new customer segmentation is potentially lucrative due to their willingness to pay a higher price for green products. Consequently, green marketing and other green elements are carefully considered to generate as much profit as possible. As the global development of environmental awareness, there are more and more customers prepared to spend money on green products. Furthermore, (Sarkar et al., 2019) state that consumers' green purchasing habits are influenced by a product's efficiency as well as their care for the environment.
Furthermore, (Kaur et al., 2022) said that the green purchase behavior is also influenced by an enterprise's friendliness, social attractiveness, and readiness to consider and assimilate customer feedback on green products. For the reasons mentioned above, the number of industries using green products to expand their product range or even alternate their traditional ‘non-green’ products is becoming numerous. Businesses that successfully keep up with customer tastes and lead green marketing trends have been reaping many benefits. This marketing strategy not only helps increase green brand awareness through green advertisements, but it also helps businesses fulfill their responsibilities to the community and society, 10 contributing to brand positioning, all of which affect customers' purchase behavior.
Although green marketing is becoming a global trend, its approach and impact differ for each country. Not only developed countries, but also less developed and developing countries are endeavoring to protect their environment, business, and society by dynamically adopting different receptive approaches to green business. However, green marketing is more widely applied in developed countries than in underdeveloped and developing countries. As a developing country, Vietnam, movements towards greening the economy are starting to become clear institutionally, first of all, shown through the approval of Vietnam's National Green Growth Strategy (An Hạ, 2021).
Although only a few large companies and giants in Vietnam have begun to engage in applying green marketing, many Vietnamese commercial organizations have also shown signs of starting to pursue this approach in recent years, and gradually it also becomes a new competitive and highly potential marketing strategy in Vietnam (Thu Mai, 2021). Because it is still newly emerging, there has not been much research focusing on green marketing and how green factors affect purchase behavior. Meanwhile, research on the impact of green factors and green marketing on purchase behavior will bring a lot of value to economists. This study focuses on the influence of green marketing and other green elements on customer purchase behavior.
There have been many researches on green marketing in Vietnam before, but mostly focus on considering green marketing activities of one enterprise or of enterprises in Vietnam as a whole, or on the general slate of green marketing in Vietnam, there is a lack of research on its influence. This study attempts to better understand the green purchase behavior of green customers when affected by green marketing and other green elements such as green advertising, green brands, and green prices. The domain of this study recommends enterprises to build an appropriate marketing strategy, and business plan to attract green customers. The study suggests developing a green buying decision model and identifying the elements that contribute to the discrepancy between customers' attitudes and their actual purchase behaviors for green items.
The significance of this study highlights the power of marketing in shaping consumer behavior toward sustainability, contributing to the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By integrating sustainability into product development and marketing strategies, companies and marketers can influence consumer choices and drive positive societal impact, particularly in alignment with SDGs 12 and 13 (responsible consumption/production and climate action). Ultimately, sustainable development ensures we meet current needs while preserving the future for generations to come. University students who are well-educated and have a high sense of responsibility towards the environment.
They are also one of the most important and largest customer segments for many brands, who have a strong contact and a high awareness of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, there are not many previous studies about this sample, this study aims to find out how green marketing and green elements influence this segmentation-university students in Ho Chi Minh City as well as its contribution to the SGDs. General research objective The general research objective of this study is to comprehensively explore the impact of Green Marketing and other Green elements on the Green purchase behavior of university students in Ho Chi Minh City concerning green products, within the framework and alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Detailed research objectives Firstly, the research team would like to test and evaluate the effects of Green Marketing, Green Attitude, Green Brand Image, and Subjective Norms on the Green Purchase Behavior of university students in Ho Chi Minh City.
Secondly, this study measures the effect of these factors on the development of businesses applying green marketing by testing the correlation between Green Marketing, Green Attitude, Green Brand Image, Subjective Norms, Green Purchase Intention, and Green Purchase Behavior of university students in Ho Chi Minh City. Lastly, our goal is to propose some managerial implications and recommendations for the businesses that have been and will apply Green Marketing and other Green elements to improve the Green Purchase Behavior of university 12 students in Ho Chi Minh City to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Research questions This paper aims to answer the following questions: (1) Do green marketing and other green elements affect green purchase intention of university students for green products?