BANKING ACADEMY FINANCE FACULTY GRADUATION THESIS TITLE: IMPACTS OF FINTECH ON VIETNAM FINANCIAL SERVICES Student name: Nguyen Thi Minh Hanh Class: K20CLCC Academic year: 2017 - 2021 Student ID: 20A4010856 Instructor: Assoc. Tran Thi Xuan Anh Hanoi, May 2021 BANKING ACADEMY FINANCE FACULTY GRADUATION THESIS TITLE: IMPACTS OF FINTECH ON VIETNAM FINANCIAL SERVICES Student name: Nguyen Thi Minh Hanh Class: K20CLCC Academic year: 2017 - 2021 Student ID: 20A4010856 Instructor: Assoc. Tran Thi Xuan Anh Hanoi, May 2021 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the graduation thesis entitled: “Impacts of Fintech on Vietnam financial services” is carried out by myself and submitted to Finance Faculty of Banking Academy of Vietnam. I further declare that the data in this research is presented truthfully, and all of the secondary data used in the research is cited and referenced fully and correctly according to the regulations of Banking Academy.
I ensure that I have not copied any other authors‟ work, or used any material from other sources without acknowledgement. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Becoming a student at Finance Faculty – Advanced Program of Banking Academy of Vietnam has been an amazing journey that is filled with joyful memories to me. I would have never been able to complete that journey, as well as this graduation thesis, without the help and support from my teachers and my family. First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all my lecturers at Banking Academy in general and Finance Faculty in particular, who have given me useful knowledge from the lessons I took during my four-year course.
Their lectures have been great opportunities for me to broaden my horizon. Secondly, I am very thankful for my instructor, Assoc. Tran Thi Xuan Anh, Deputy head of Finance Faculty, who has dedicated a considerable amount of time and effort to instruct me on my graduation thesis. Her detailed guidance and valuable suggestions have a significant contribution to the completion of my graduation thesis.
Last but not least, I would like to thank my parents, who have always been the greatest motivation for everything I have done in my life. Their love and support mean the world to me. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION. ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.v LIST OF TABLES.
vi LIST OF FIGURES .1 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW. Overview of Fintech. Impacts of Fintech on financial services. Research gap and research questions .17 CHAPTER 2: DATA AND METHODOLOGY.
Data collecting method. Data collection and processing procedure .25 CHAPTER 3: IMPACTS OF FINTECH ON VIETNAM FINANCIAL SERVICES. The situation of Fintech in Vietnam. Vietnam Fintech ecosystem.
Fintech legal framework. Evaluation of Fintech impacts on Vietnam financial services. An assessment on the impact level of Fintech on Vietnam financial services.49 CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION. For Vietnam government.
For Vietnam financial institutions and Fintech companies. For Vietnam Fintech users .65 iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations Meaning ATM Automated teller machine CDM Cash deposit machine CFA Confirmatory factor analysis EFT Electronic funds transfer eKYC Electronic Know Your Customer ETF Exchange-traded fund Fintech Financial technology GDP Gross domestic product IMS Innovative Market Solutions NFC Near-field communication OTP One-time password P2P Peer-to-peer PIN Personal identification number SBV State Bank of Vietnam SEM Structural equation model SWIFT Society of Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications UOB United Overseas Bank WTO World Trade Organization v LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 2. The intervals and meaning of classes 26 Table 3. The number of Fintech users (classified according 32 to types of services) Table 3.
The number of users of each Fintech service 34 (classified according to age groups) Table 3. Reasons for users to choose Fintech services over 37 traditional financial services Table 3. An assessment on the impact level of Fintech on Vietnam financial services based on 3 aspects: 43 characteristics; offerings and distribution vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Figure 1. Number of Fintech startups worldwide from 2018 7 to 2021, by region Figure 1.
Aspects of financial services that are impacted by 12 Fintech Figure 1. Research framework 18 Figure 2. Primary data collection and processing procedure 21 Figure 2. Age groups of respondents by percentage 22 Figure 2.
Education level of respondents by percentage 23 Figure 2. Monthly income of respondents by percentage 24 Figure 3. The percentage of Vietnam Fintech companies in 28 operation in Vietnam by 2020 by sector Figure 3. The frequency of usage of Fintech services by 36 percentage Figure 3.
Users‟ evaluation on the positive impacts of 45 Fintech towards financial services Figure 3. Users‟ evaluation on the negative impacts of 49 Fintech on financial services vii INTRODUCTION In recent years, technology has been developing at an extremely fast pace. Technology is applied into various sectors to create innovative inventions that are useful for human life, therefore, it can be said that the emergence of technology has major impacts on many sectors, one of which is finance. The term “Fintech”, which is an abbreviation of “financial technology”, has been used over the last several years to imply the application of technology innovations into financial services in order to improve their quality and efficiency.
Even though the concept of Fintech has only appeared for a few years, it has already become a worldwide trend in the global financial system. Fintech covers a wide range of financial services, including alternative lending solutions, payment or investment management, which is the reason why recently, many traditional financial service providers have considered Fintech as their new development direction, while a large number of startups has also been established to take part in the Fintech service market. The wide usage of Fintech on many different regions of the world has urged many researchers to carry out studies about Fintech in order to understand more about the nature of Fintech as well as its application and its influences on finance, especially on financial services. Particularly in Vietnam, in recent years, there have been several studies about the impacts of Fintech financial services, which are mainly classified into three groups.
The first one points out factors affecting customer adoption of Fintech services, with the research of Dao My Hang et al. (2018), Le Van Phuc et al. The studies show several similar results on the factors that have the largest impact on customers‟ decision, such as financial services‟ ease of use or their usefulness. The second group illustrates impacts of Fintech on financial inclusion, which is the capability of individuals and businesses to access to useful and affordable financial products and services (World Bank, 2018).
This group contains several noteworthy studies, such as Dao Hong Nhung et al. Dao Hong Nhung et al. (2020) uses quantitative models to show that Fintech has a positive influence on financial services in Vietnam, while Pham Thi Huyen (2019) mentions opportunities and challenges of Fintech on promoting financial inclusion in 1 Vietnam. The last group analyzes the impacts of Fintech on specific financial services, mostly payment services.
There are some worth noting studies, such as Phan Thi Thu Ha et al. (2018) and Tran Nguyen Minh Hai (2020), which show that Fintech offers new types of payment services; or Luong Thi Thu Hang (2018), which mainly focuses on crowdfunding and states that Fintech bring new forms of capital mobilization for small and medium enterprises in Vietnam. Although the researches mentioned above are very well-conducted, it can be seen that most of them only find out the general impacts of Fintech on financial inclusion, or on very few types of financial services. This leaves a gap because Fintech is also applied into many other financial services, such as investment management, peer-to-peer lending, and so on.
Moreover, much as the positive effects of Fintech on financial services, which have been mentioned in the prior empirical researches, are undeniable, the negative effects coming from this new trend also exist. Therefore, this thesis is conducted to find out both the positive and negative impacts of Fintech on financial services in Vienam. The results in this study is analyzed based on both primary data, which is collected from a survey about users‟ opinions on the impacts of Fintech on financial services, with over 260 individual participants; and secondary data, which is cited from studies, reports and articles of organizations and individual authors. Throughout the findings, it can be seen that Fintech has both positive and negative impacts on six aspects of financial services, including: (1) characteristics; (2) offerings; (3) distribution; (4) customer experience; (5) business economics and (6) industry dynamics.
The positive influences are mainly assessed to be at a high to extremely high level, whereas the negative effects are more likely to be at a moderate level. The research also suggests several recommendations for Vietnam government, Fintech companies, financial institutions and Fintech users in order to promote the development of Fintech in the future and reduce its negative influences. This thesis consists of the four following chapters: Chapter 1: Literature review: Providing a theoretical framework about Fintech and financial services, as well as the results of empirical researches. 2 Chapter 2: Data and methodology: Explaining the types of data and methodology used in the research, and a specific description on the sample of the survey.
Chapter 3: Impacts of Fintech on Vietnam financial services: Analyzing the impacts of Fintech on Vietnam financial services based on the collected data. Chapter 4: Recommendations and conclusion: Suggesting several recommendations to enhance the positive effects of Fintech and limit its negative sides. 3 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Overview of Fintech 1.
Definition of Fintech “Fintech” is an abbreviation for the term “financial technology”. In general, it is commonly used to describe the application of modern technology into financial sector. Much as in the early 21st century, this term only referred to the technology that financial institutions used to operate their back-end systems; today, with the development of the Internet and computerization, Fintech has evolved into a broader concept. It includes technology innovation in a wide range of sectors: from retail banking and finance to investment management and cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin.
According to Kagan (2020), Fintech implies the integration of new technology into financial services in order to improve their efficiency as well as delivery. PwC (2016) defines Fintech as a crossing between finance and technology, which helps both existing firms and startups take advantage of technology to provide financial services at a lower cost than traditional ones and create innovating solutions. Schueffel (2016) proposes that Fintech is a financial industry, which applies modern technology to improve financial activities. Overall, even though there is no consensus on the definition of Fintech, it can be seen that these different concepts share similar characteristics: Firstly, Fintech is related to the process of using technology to offer financial services.
This further means providing new, creative financial services for consumers. Secondly, Fintech aims to elevate the quality of new financial services comparing to traditional ones. Technology helps companies to come up with solutions to enhance services‟ efficiency and convenience at an affordable cost. Thirdly, there are a variety of companies involving in Fintech, ranging from well-established financial institutions, technology firms to fresh startups.
Therefore, it can be inferred that 4 Fintech is becoming a trend in finance, as it is more and more widely applied into this sector. Development of Fintech a.0 (1866 – 1967) The evolution of Fintech began in 1866, when the first transatlantic cable was successfully installed, providing infrastructure for financial globalization. After that, in 1918, Fedwire – the first electronic fund transfer system operated by telegraph and Morse code was put into use. Next, in 1950, credit cards were introduced publicly by Diners Club – a charge card company.
Moreover, it was in this period that the first automated teller machine (ATM) was invented by the British multinational bank – Barclays in 1967, marking a milestone of modern technology development. With the important events above, the first stage – Fintech 1.0 is considered a foundation for today modern Fintech.