BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TÉ TP. HÒ CHÍ MINH BÁO CÁO TỐNG KÉT ĐỀ TÀI NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC THAM GIA XÉT GIẢI THUÒNG "NHÀ NGHIÊN CỨU TRẺ UEH" NĂM 2024 IMPACT OF MACROECONOMIC VOLATILITY AND ECONOMIC POLICY UNCERTAINTY ON CREDIT GROWTH AND RISK IN VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKING SECTOR Thuộc nhóm chuyên ngành: Tài chính - Ngân hàng Ho Chi Minh, February 2024 1 CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS.3 LIST OF TABLES. Research questions and objectives. Overview of Vietnam banking system.
Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU). Knightian’s Uncertainty Theory. Bank’s Credit Growth. Bank's Credit Cycles.
Effects of Economic Policy Uncertainty on the Credit Riskof Banks. Effects of Macroeconomic Volatility on the Credit Risk of Banks. Effects of Economic Policy Uncertainly on the Credit Growth of Banks. Effects of Macroeconomic Volatility on the Credit Growth of Banks.
RESEARCH DATA AND METHOD. 24 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH RESULTS. Effects of Economic Policy Uncertainty on the Credit Growth and Risks of Banks 31 4. Effects of Macroeconomic Volatility on the Credit Growth and Risks of Banks.
Limitations and future research directions. Implications from Economic Policy Uncertainty. Implications from Macroeconomic Volatility. For economic growth.
For money supply. 47 3 LIST OF ACRONYMS Acronyms Explain GDP Gross Domestic Product GMM Generalized Method of Moment HOSE Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange HNX Ha Noi Stock Exchange Upcom Unlisted Public Company Market NHNN State Bank EPƯ Economic Policy Uncertainty 4 LIST OF TABLES Table 3. Variables operationalization 19 Table 4. Descriptive statistics 25 Table 4.
CoiTelation matrix 28 Table 4. Multicollinearity checks 30 Table 4. Effects of Economic Policy Uncertainty on the Credit Growth and Risks 31 of Banks Table 4. Effects of Macroeconomic Volatility on the Credit Growth and Risks of 34 Banks Figure 4.
Total credit and inflation 37 fluctuations 5 ABSTRACT This study investigates the impacts of macroeconomic volatility, economic policy uncertainty on short-term, medium-term, and long-term credit growth, as well as the overall financial stability of Vietnam's commercial banking sector. Analyzing data from 26 commercial banks in Vietnam from 2010 to 2022, this research endeavors to explain how volatilities in macroeconomic conditions, particularly heightened during periods of economic policy uncertainty, adversely influence credit expansion and financial stability. The study reveals that macroeconomic instabilities exert a detrimental effect on the financial robustness of commercial banks. Notably, fluctuations in GDP growth emerge as the most substantial and negatively impactful factor.
This instability in GDP growth profoundly affects credit growth in short-term, medium-term, and long-term periods. The impact of macroeconomic instability factors on credit growth is pronounced in the short and medium term and ten0064 s to diminish over the long term. Consequently, this research underscores the criticality of maintaining economic growth stability for ensuring the resilience of the commercial banking system in Vietnam. Keywords: Credit growth, financial stability, macroeconomic volatility, economic policy uncertainty.
Research context The current global macroeconomic environment is notably unfavorable, experiencing an upsurge in frequency, duration, and likelihood of economic shocks (Schnabel, 2022). One of the key factors exacerbating this situation is climate change, which has led to an increase in extreme weather events. These events have significantly disrupted various sectors, including finance and banking (Schnabel. The ongoing pandemic and the Russo-Ukrainian War arc expected to further heighten this instability.
These events have caused a remarkable rise in macroeconomic volatility, with the Eurozone experiencing output growth volatility about five times higher than during the peak of the 2009 Great Recession, and a surge in inflation volatility surpassing levels seen in the 1970s. Moreover, recent years have seen rapid global changes and unintended political and economic shifts, adding to the global uncertainty. The Russia-Ukraine conflict escalated on February 24, 2022, with Russia initiating a military operation against Ukraine. This prompted sanctions from various countries and organizations like the EU and the U.
(Funakoshi et al. These developments have notably impacted the global economy and financial markets (Umar et al., 2022), leading to increased interest in research on the effects of Economic Policy Uncertainly (EPU) on the financial system, particularly the banking sector (All et al. 2023; Han et al. Various studies have explored EPU's impact on numerous variables, such as stock market returns, gold, commodities, Bitcoin, corporate decisions (Danisman et al., 2020), and macroeconomic variables.
Macroeconomic variables have a significant impact on the broader economy and the banking sector, both positively and negatively. One major negative consequence is the emergence of banking credit risk. The banking system plays a crucial role in the economy by providing credit, fostering business investments, and supporting economic growth. Credit risk, therefore, is a significant threat to the banking sector, as evidenced by various economic recessions like the U.
financial decline in the 1980s, the Asian crisis in the 7 1990s and 2000s, and the European credit crunch (Naili & Lahrichi, 2022). No country is immune to the instability caused by these events, emphasizing the importance of credit risk and the need for comprehensive research to prevent its recurrence. Conversely, credit growth, the opposite of credit risk, depends on internal bank factors and the prevailing macroeconomic conditions. These factors constantly influence the growth and risk of credit in commercial banks (Huy et al.
Understanding the impact of macroeconomic instability on credit growth is essential for central banks to develop effective policies and make informed economic regulatory decisions. This understanding helps manage economic condition fluctuations and macroeconomic variables, ensuring stable credit growth and guiding the central bank's policy-making and economic regulation strategies. Research questions and objectives Based on the proposed research rationales, this study poses the following research questions (RQ), aiming to provide a comprehensive insight into the studied subjects: - RQ1: How does macroeconomic volatility affect the credit growth of commercial banks in Vietnam? - RQ2: How does macroeconomic volatility affect the credit risk of commercial banks in Vietnam? - RQ3: How docs economic policy uncertainty affect the credit growth of commercial banks in Vietnam? - RQ4: How does economic policy uncertainty affect the credit risk of commercial banks in Vietnam? The primary aim of this research, guided by the formulated RQs, is to empirically investigate how fluctuations and uncertainties in the macroeconomic landscape influence the short-term, medium-term, and long-term expansion of credit, along with the financial risk, of publicly traded commercial banks in Vietnam during the time frame from 2012 to 2022. Research Scope Research Focus: The study concentrates on short-term credit growth, medium-term credit growth, long-term credit growth, financial stability index, economic policy uncertainty, and macroeconomic volatility.
Geographical Scope: The research encompasses financial indicators of commercial banks that are publicly traded on the Vietnam stock market. Temporal Scope: The study covers a time frame extending from 2012 to 2022. Research method This study utilizes quantitative methodologies, specifically regression analysis on panel data, to empirically assess the influence of business models on the impacts of monetary policy and economic policy uncertainty on banking performance. The analysis employs the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to address potential endogenous variables and verify the stability of the model.
The research sample is compiled from the audited financial statements of commercial banks and data obtained from the General Statistics Office. It encompasses data from 26 Vietnamese commercial banks that are listed on the HOSE, HNX, and upcom stock exchanges for the period from 2012 to 2022. To summarize, the dataset for this study includes information from 26 Vietnamese commercial banks listed on these stock exchanges over the aforementioned period, utilizing data extracted from their audited financial reports and the General Statistics Office. Research contributions This investigation into the effects of macroeconomic volatility and economic policy uncertainty on credit growth and banking risk makes substantial contributions in both theoretical and practical aspects within the banking industry.
On a theoretical level, it delves deeply into a range of theories and concepts pertinent to the study’s focus. It establishes a theoretical framework that highlights the interplay between macroeconomic policies, uncertainty, credit growth, and banking risk, specifically in the context of Vietnamese 9 banks. The research's findings elucidate the varied impacts that macroeconomic instability and policy uncertainty have on commercial banks during different economic cycles, thereby augmenting the existing body of literature. Practically, the study leverages the GMM model to conduct an extensive analysis of the effects of macroeconomic instability and economic policy uncertainly on the short-term, medium-term, and long-term credit growth, and on the financial stability of commercial banks.
This provides crucial insights for policymakers and financial professionals on how to effectively manage macroeconomic and monetary policies, as well as economic policy uncertainties, with the aim of enhancing credit growth and reducing potential risks in the financial sector. In summary, this research makes a significant contribution to the understanding of how macroeconomic factors influence the operational efficiency of commercial banks. Overview of Vietnam banking system As reported by the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV), there have been substantial transformations and enhancements in the Vietnam banking sector over recent decades. Prior to the 1990s, the banking system in Vietnam was predominantly slate-owned, with the central bank exerting centralized control and holding a monopoly over financial services.
During the 1990s, Vietnam embarked on a series of banking reforms, which included allowing the formation of new domestic and international banks. The government also initialed the privatization of state-owned banks and welcomed foreign investments into the sector. This period marked a significant expansion in the banking industry, with the number of operational banks in Vietnam growing from just 2 in 1990 to over 40 by the early 2000s. However, this rapid growth was not without its challenges, as many banks faced issues 10 related to poor management, inadequate capitalization, and a high prevalence of non performing loans.
In response to these challenges, the mid-2000s saw the government undertaking a major overhaul of the banking sector. This restructuring aimed at enhancing transparency, strengthening supervision, and reducing the prevalence of financially weak banks. Actions taken included mergers and acquisitions, recapitalization, and reforms targeted at improving management and risk governance. These initiatives have yielded positive results, with the Vietnamese banking sector showing marked improvements in recent times.
The ratio of non-performing loans has significantly reduced, dropping from over 17% in 2012 to approximately 2% in 2020. Additionally, the sector has witnessed improvements in profitability and operational efficiency. Furthermore, the government has implemented strategies to promote a more diverse financial sector. This includes the establishment of stock and insurance markets.
Overall, the Vietnamese banking sector has experienced a remarkable journey of development and progress over the past few decades, with continued governmental reforms anticipated to further strengthen the sector in the forthcoming years. Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) is a paramount concern in the current global context. EPU arises from uncertainties due to changes in governmental policies, laws, regulations, and actions, which can disrupt the transparent functioning of economic activities and the business climate. These uncertainties can profoundly affect businesses and economies, particularly in the banking sector, influencing decisions related to investment, employment, and production (Bordo, M.
EPU essentially represents a policy environment where economic agents are unable to predict the outcomes of fiscal, regulatory, monetary, and trade policies. The EPU Index, as described by Knight (1921) and Bloom (2014), is a measurable, aggregate-level indicator that encapsulates both risk and uncertainty, making it a suitable gauge for uncertainty in research studies. Baker et al. (2016) conceptualize EPU as a measure of uncertainty that businesses, investors, and consumers face regarding the future state of the economy, attributable to 11 changes or potential changes in economic policy.
The quantification of EPƯ typically involves monitoring news and other indicators pertaining to economic policy areas like taxation, monetary policy, trade policy, and regulation. Tracking and understanding economic policy uncertainty is essential for policymakers and researchers to grasp the impact of economic policy on the economy and to make well-informed future policy decisions. Baker et al. (2016) drew inspiration from previous attempts to create an indicator representing economic policy uncertainty, integrating and evaluating key factors highlighted in earlier research.