NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY ADVANCED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ***************************** Bachelor thesis Evaluation of credit risk management in Asian Commercial Bank (ACB) Duyen Hai branch Student’s name: Do Thanh Tung Class: Advance finance Intake:50 Internship guide: Mr. Bui Ngoc Quy Supervisor: Nguyen Huu Anh, Ph.D Hanoi, 2012 1 Table of Contents Chapter 1. Objectives of the thesis. Overview of the subjected bank.Overview of Asian Commercial Bank (ACB).
Overview of ACB Duyen Hai branch. Data collection and methodology. Bank and credit activities. Types of credit risk.
Sources of credit risk. Credit risk management. Role of credit risk management. Principles of credit risk management.
Credit risk measurement.4Risk mitigation and transfer techniques. Performance of credit activities at Asian Commercial Bank (ACB) Duyen Hai branch in the last 3 years. Overview of credit activities at the branch.2Credit risk at ACB Duyen Hai branch. Credit risk management at Asian Commercial Bank (ACB) Duyen Hai branch.
Internal management at the Asia commercial bank. RECOMMENDATION FOR CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT IN ACB DUYEN HAI BRANCH……. Orientation of overall operation at Duyen Hai branch. Orientation for credit activity at Duyen Hai branch.
Recommendation for credit risk management at Asian Commercial Bank Duyen Hai branch. Promote professional employee training and utilize rationally human resource. Disperse credit risk. Concentrating on borrower information collecting practice.
CONCLUSION, LIMITATION AND RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER STUDY……………………………………………………………. Recommendation for further study.67 4 ABSTRACT Banking industry is a crucial part in any economies. It goes without saying that with the presence of banking firms, such developed countries as the United State can achieve their success today. However, inherent in banking industries are a lot of uncertainty that can cause vast damage to their members.
The most noticeable and current example of this is the financial crisis 2008 stemmed from failure in banking system of the United State and the debt crisis in Europe from 2010 until now. In a small country like Vietnam, banking industry also have to face similar risk and may encounter same problem as what banks in other developed country did. Especially, when most of Vietnamese banks rely heavily on credit activities to generate profits, credit risk is the issue that matter the most. The main concerns of this thesis is to find out what a typical Vietnamese commercial bank is doing with their credit risk management and recommend solution to improved their weaknesses.
How well a bank is doing with its credit risk management is first determined by the performance of its credit activities. That means in order to evaluate credit risk management, the first task is to evaluate the performance of the bank’s credit activities. Then, through various data, the reason for the performance of the bank will be revealed. ACB: Asian Commercial Bank 2.
BIDV: Bank for investment and development of Vietnam 3. CIC: Credit information center 4. HNX: Hanoi Stock exchange 5. SBV: State bank of Vietnam 6.
USD: United state dollars 7. VND: Vietnam dong 6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Composition of branch's credit in 2009.38 Figure 2: Composition of branch's credit in 2010.39 Figure 3: Composition of branch's credit in 2011.39 Figure 4: Division of jurisdiction in ACB.52 7 List of tables Table 1 Credit performance at Duyen Hai branch.35 Table 2credit risk at Duyen Hai branch.37 Table 3: Quality structure of branch's credit.40 Table 4: Internal regulation on interest rate.50 Table 5: Criteria weight in corporate borrower rating.56 Table 6: Individual borrower information.57 Table 7: Ranking scale of individual borrower.58 Table 8: Collateral rating scale.59 Table 9: Individual borrower rating.59 Table 10: Corporate borrower rating criteria.68 Table 11: Corporate borrower rating scale. Objectives of the thesis Financial institutions always plays important role in every economy. No country can achieve its growth objectives without the support from commercial banks and other institutions that also provide banking services to the public.
With the main function of receiving money deposit from money supplier and lending it to money user, banks works as intermediaries in the money market. Without banks, the process of transferring money from people with excess of money to people in need of money will be obstructed by many barriers such as the lack of information, geographical distance, etc. However this industry is also very risky. As intermediaries in money market, banks make loans to a large number of borrowers in remarkable amount of money while their own capital is relatively very small.
Certain incidents, hence, can cause trouble to the bank when the loss of their loan may exceed their capital and force them to go bankrupt. In Vietnam, banking is a very flourishing industry but are facing many difficulties. Currently, 25 years after the economic reform, there are about 40 Vietnamese commercial joint stock banks, 3 state-owned commercial banks and many other foreign banks. All of them are contributing to Vietnamese economic achievement in the recent years.
However, Vietnamese banking industry are confronting many challenges, one of which is how to ensure the lowest risk in credit activity. When the impact of 2007-2009 global crisis is still present all over the world, credit quality is a tricky problem. High inflation, the climbing of 2 interest rate and input cost and fluctuation of USD and gold in global market make it very difficult for Vietnam companies and small business to gain access to bank’s money. For commercial banks, they have to be extremely cautious in giving loan there is great odd that borrowers may encounter problem and failed to fulfill their credit obligation in this scenario.
So the question so far is that how commercial banks are doing on managing their credit risk portfolio. With this question in mind, this thesis examined the real situation at a branch of Vietnam Asian Commercial Bank located in Haiphong city. Specifically, the branch is Duyen Hai branch where the writer was an intern. Overview of the subjected bank 1.Overview of Asian Commercial Bank (ACB) In June 04, 1993, Asian Commercial Bank’s foundation was official announced and regulated in licenses number 0032/NH-GP issued by SBV in April 24, 1993 and 533/GP-UB issued by People committee of Ho Chi Minh city.
ACB and its subsidiaries operate mainly in mobilizing money supplier’s deposits in various forms of maturities and paying methods, making loan to money users, payment services, discounting securities, trading foreign currency and gold, stock brokerage and trading and providing various corporate financial services such as banker acceptance, financial leasing and financial consultant, etc. ACB went public in 31/10/2006 and their stock was officially traded on HNX in 21/11/2006. Overview of ACB Duyen Hai branch Foundation of Duyen Hai branch was regulated in license 3156/GCT. Duyen Hai branch locates at 15 Hoang Dieu street, Minh Khai, Hong Bang, Haiphong.
Structure of Duyen Hai branch Structure of Duyen Hai branch includes director and specialized departments: Transaction and inventory department Enterprise customer department Individual customer department Accounting department Administrating department Collateral legalizing and validating department Direct or Tran Ente Indi Acc Ad Ass saction and rprise vidual ounting ministration et legalizing Inventory customer customer department department and Department department department validating department 4 Main obligation of Duyen Hai branch: The branch’s requirements of ACB system are: Reserving assets mandated to the branch by ACB head quarter. Those assets include land and equipments which are invested by the system’s money. Develop human resource, train employees to improve staff’s performance, generate profits for the bank and better the bank’s image in customers’ mind Implement communication and report as regulated by SBV and ACB head quarter. Implement business plan as specified in ACB’s business objectives.
Improve banking practice and recommend ACB head quarter about better practice in banking business, apply modern technology in daily activities of the branch. Main businesses of Duyen Hai branch Duyen Hai branch mobilizes funds as regulated by SBV and ACB. This means the branch receiving deposits from the public in short, medium and long maturity. Deposit can be in both domestic and foreign currency.
Other business of Duyen Hai branch is making loan to individual and corporate customers. The branch’s loan can be long, medium and short term based on the structure of mobilized funds. Duyen Hai branch also implements and manages banker acceptance and international payment service based on instructions from State Bank of Viet Nam and ACB head quarter. Data collection and methodology 1.
Secondary data Secondary data are facts and figures collected by someone other than the researcher himself. These data can be used for purposes different from the researcher’s. (Ghauri & Gronhaug 2010, 90) For instance, a student doing research on economic growth factors can take a line graph showing GDP data in the 2000-2010 period from the national statistics bureau. Secondary data, in fact, usually help the researcher a lot in the beginning phase of their study, especially when the research problem is not familiar.
The literature in the theoretical background section is the very first example of secondary data. Secondary data can be obtained through numerous sources. Some divide the sources into publication (books, journal articles, etc. Others like Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) gives these categories: documentary (books, reports, newspapers, transcripts, voice recordings, video recordings, etc.), survey-based (any data collected using survey strategy), and multiple source (documentary combined with survey-based combined) secondary data.
Another way of classification is: internal and external sources (Ghauri & Gronhaug 2010, 97). Secondary data are particularly useful to this thesis. A teacher’s materials at school triggered an interest in the author to write something in risk management. Intense review of books, articles, academic journals (publications) or electronic sources related to the topic during one month has helped to narrowed down the research problem to credit risk management in a commercial 6 bank.
Accidentally, the writer went through an article about risk management framework improvements in Vietnamese small commercial banks and would really love to study more. In Vietnam, disclosure of information in banking business is an extremely sensitive issue. Primarily the researcher has to base her analysis on information provided by the bank in published annual reports or news and existing regulation documents. Without secondary data, this thesis would never become a reality.
Qualitative and quantitative data Qualitative data is information which does not provide a numerical measure of attributes, characteristics or properties of phenomenon. In other words, qualitative data focus on the description of quality: it deals with the aspect of things that can not be expressed in a reasonable numerical way. In this research, qualitative data is very important. It includes data on the current credit risk managing practice at the branch like regulatory documents or internal controlling practice that is currently implemented by the bank.
In the scope of this research, qualitative data helps in: - Gathering details of the subject bank‟s credit policies: how the policies look like and if they contain fundamental information. - Discovering how credit unit in the transaction office work and whether its operation complies with the policies - Understanding how well the transaction office is performing based on comparing historical data and figures from year to year 7 - Detecting the credit employees‟ understanding of and attitudes towards the bank‟s formal policies. In addition to qualitative data, the research also utilizes quantitative data. The term quantitative data is used to describe a type of information that can be counted or expressed numerically.
This type of data is often collected in experiments, manipulated and statistically analyzed. Quantitative data can be represented visually in graphs, histograms, tables and charts. In this research, quantitative data is mainly obtained from the subject bank’s annual reports. Specifically, from the numbers presented by the bank in their balance sheet and income statements, the branch’s performance will be revealed both directly through analysis of trends and portion of numbers and indirectly through deriving certain ratios and examine them.
Methodology The main objectives of this study is to examining the current risk managing practices at one of ACB branches and derive a evaluation of those practices.