ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI KHOA QUẢN TRỊ VÀ KINH DOANH --------------------- NGUYỄN THANH HIẾU ANALYZING SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE LENDING ACTIVITIES - CASE STUDY OF MSB BANK PHÂN TÍCH HOẠT ĐỘNG CHO VAY DOANH NGHIỆP VỪA VÀ NHỎ - TẠI NGÂN HÀNG TMCP HÀNG HẢI VIỆT NAM LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH HÀ NỘI - 2020 c ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI KHOA QUẢN TRỊ VÀ KINH DOANH --------------------- NGUYỄN THANH HIẾU ANALYZING SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE LENDING ACTIVITIES - CASE STUDY OF MSB BANK PHÂN TÍCH HOẠT ĐỘNG CHO VAY DOANH NGHIỆP VỪA VÀ NHỎ - TẠI NGÂN HÀNG TMCP HÀNG HẢI VIỆT NAM Chuyên ngành: Quản trị kinh doanh Mã số: 60 34 01 02 LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: PGS. PHẠM VĂN HỒNG HÀ NỘI - 2020 c ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to Assoc. Pham Van Hong for her patience, the thesis Last but not least continuing encouragement, endless support and immense knowledge. She has generously provided me all the guidance, comment and constructive advices that made this thesis achievable.
Besides, I would like to thank the rest of my thesis committee for their insightful comment and encouragement but also for the hard question which incented me to widen my research from various perspectives. My sincere thank also goes to my colleagues who provided me an opportunity to access to the database as well as their point of view about the business. Without their support it would not be possible to conduct this research. Thank to my classmates for enlightening me the first glance of research and showing me knowledge and experiences to accomplish, I would like to thank my family for supporting me a throughout writing this thesis and my life in general.
iv LIST OF TABLES. v LIST OF FIGURES. vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.1 Rationale of the research. 4 CHAPTER 2: THE THEORETICAL FRAMWORK ON SME LENDING ACTIVITIES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS .1 Overview of SMEs .1 Concepts of SMEs .2 The characteristics of SMEs .2 The Criteria of Commercial bank’s lending to SMEs .1 Concepts and Importance of lending to SMEs .2 Importance of lending to SMEs .2 Criteria for analyzing SME lending .3 Impact factors for lending SMEs.
25 CHAPTER 3: FACT FINDINGS OF SME LENDING AT MSB BANK. Overview of MSB Bank. History and Milestone. Business model and organizational structure.
Criteria for analyzing SME lending at MSB Bank. Credit Policy and Procedure. Analyzing the SME lending activities at MSB Bank. Analyzing impact factors for SME lending at MSB.
Reasons for limitation.1 From MSB Bank .2 From External Factors .1 Orientation of SME lending. To MSB Bank. To SBV and related agencies. 79 iii c BREVIATION BOD Board of Directors CIC National Credit Information Center of Vietnam GSO General Statistics Office of Vietnam HO Head Office HR Human resources IFC International Finance Corporation MSME Micro, small and medium enterprise NIM Net Interest margin NPL Nonperforming loan OECD Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development RM Relationship manager SBV State Bank SME Small and medium sized enterprises SMEs Small medium enterprises SSE Supper small sized enterprises MSB Bank Vietnam MSB Commercial Joint Stock Bank iv c LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Examples of quantitative criteria used in defining SMEs in some counties .2 SME Definition in Japan .1 Comparison SME classification between MSB and the Government.
36 v c LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 Organizational structure of MSB Bank.3 The growth of SME credit customers in the period of 2015 -2017 .4 The SME credit line and loan balance of MSB Bank .5 The SME loan portfolio by terms of MSB in the period of 2015 -2017.6 The SME loan portfolio of MSB by business sector in the period of 2015 - 2017 .7 The growth rate of Vietnamese economic by business sector .8 The change of SME loan utilization of MSB in the period of 2015 -2017.9 Reasons for low SME loan utilization in MSB Bank in 2016 .10 SME credit productivity per RM in MSB Bank from 2015 to 2017 .11 SME Sale force situation in MSB Bank from 2015 to 2017.12 SME sale force employment termination in MSB Bank in 2017 .13 Nonperforming loan (NPL) ratio of MSB in SME lending from 2015 to 2017 .14 Risk cost of MSB in SME lending by sectors from 2016 to 2017 .15 Profitability of MSB in SME lending from 2015 to 2017 .16 Loan NIM of MSB in SME lending by sectors from 2015 to 2017. 55 vi c CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the research Nowadays, Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a huge role in the economic growth process of many countries or regions, including in developed and developing countries. Small and medium enterprises operate in all areas of the national economy from industrial production, construction, trade, services. to meet the increasingly diverse and rich needs of consumers.
In economies with different development characteristics, the role of small and medium enterprises is expressed at different levels. But the reality shows that the importance of small and medium enterprises is getting bigger as the scope of activities is increasingly expanded through the number of businesses and activities present in many industries, fields and existences. as an indispensable part of each country's economy. First, SMEs create jobs for workers, contributing to reducing unemployment.
Second, SMEs play an important role in stabilizing and promoting economic growth. Third, SMEs exploit and promote local resources, contributing to economic restructuring. Fourth, SMEs promote a dynamic economy In every economy, SMEs are the engine that accelerates economic development through its roles in making income, alleviating poverty, increasing employment, (Altman and Sabato, 2005; Fatoki, 2011, Roman, 2011). According to declaration of OECD in Ministerial Conference in 2018, SMEs are key element of the world economy, employing formally more than half of global labor forces and contributing on average between 50% and 60% of national GDP in OECD Member countries which includes all types of economics from middle and low- income countries such as Kazakhstan, Latvia, Vietnam to high income countries like USA, the United Kingdom, Japan.
Moreover, SMEs also take part in generating innovation and potential exporting opportunities, supporting inter-and intra-regional decentralization (Cook, 2001). Therefore, SMEs have been the objectives of research in many fields including financial aspects (Tucker and Lean, 2003; Berger and Udell, 2006), management (Hutchison and Quintas, 2008). c Majority researches pointed out that financing play important roles to the existence, expansion of SMEs. It is unquestionable that financing is important for the existence and growth of SMEs sector via supporting of new business creation, innovation facilitation, promotion of existing business development.
According to the research of Ardic, Mylenko and Saltene (2012) there was a strong positive correlation between financing SMEs and overall economic development. Therefore, a high-functioning financial sector is very important to meet the needs of SMEs. Based on Beck (2008)’s research of 91 banks from 45 countries, in bank perspective, SME lending is potential profitable segment. Vietnam is also no exceptional case.
According to Economic Credit Department (SBV)1, at August 31st, 2017, the total SME loans of Vietnam banking system was 1,292,182 billion VND, accounting for 21,14% total loans of Vietnamese economic. Currently 200,000 SMEs are borrowing from banks. Many financial institutions are offering actively many promotion and attractive products to SMEs. In current Vietnamese banking market, Techcombank and VPBank are the two retail commercial banks which have similar business structure with MSB Bank and consider SMEs strategic customers.
In recent years, SMEs has been considered as one of main segments of VPBank. Beside secured loan products, VPBank also has implemented substantially unsecured loan products in order to give more opportunities to SMEs to access bank loan without collaterals. On the other hand, in the annual shareholder meeting 2017, Techcombank announced that SME was continuously target segment in line with the guidance of the government. MSB Bank (MSB) also spent a great of time and resources in order to compete with other bank in this market.
Even though, the whole SME business structure of MSB was completely changed to customer orientation since 2014, the business performance didn’t meet expectation. The SME loan size of MSB is quite small in comparison with other banks. The total outstanding balance of SME segment at year end 2017 of MSB was only around 5,700 billion VND which 1 http://tapchitaichinh.vn/nghien-cuu-trao-doi/dau-tu-tin-dung-doi-voi-doanh-nghiep-nho-va-vua-tang- manh-123724.html 2 c equal to one fourth of Techcombank and one tenth of VPBank. Besides that, SME lending interest after deducting fund cost in MSB Bank was still 20% below budget 2017 given by MSB Bank BOD.
As a result, SME Banking of MSB Bank is struggling to resolve the problems of slow growth and meet the expectation of MSB Bank BOD and investors For these reasons, the topic “Analyzing small and medium enterprise lending activities: Case study of MSB Bank” is chosen for this thesis.2 Research Objectives The main objective of this research is analyzing the whole SME lending activities MSB Bank, identify problems and suggesting some solutions, detailed as below: - Addressing SME lending activities and factors which has great influences to it. - Analyzing the current situation of SME lending activities at MSB Bank. - Making some suggestions to improve the business performance of MSB in lending SME 1.3 Research questions - What are SMEs and factors which affects to SME lending activities? - Statistics on lending performance of small and medium enterprises of MSB in the period 2015-2017 - Which improvements should be carried to optimize the business? 1.4 Research scope The thesis is focused on SME lending activities of MSB Bank over 03 years from 2015 to 2017, especially in loan balance and income. However, operation costs and actual the amount of provisions for writing off bad debts are excluded from the thesis due to difficulties in identifying cost allocation for lending activities and collecting data from MSB Bank and other banks for comparison.1 Data - The primary data sources are from interviews conducted with some high- level managers of SME Banking Division in MSB Bank - The secondary data are extracted from MSB Bank annual report; SME management reports, KPI reports, HR reports from 2015 to 2017, the survey of RMs managing 150 SME customers with the loan utilization under 10% in the whole country conducted by MSB Bank in 2016.2 Research Methodology - Sample 2 people, in which, 1 person is Director of Supper small sized enterprise segment, 1 person is Director of Product Development Center (former SME hub head of Nam Dinh Branch) - Interview Method: Offline - Based on the interviews, the author delves into annual research and data analysis to assess the situation and provide solutions to improve SMEs lending activities.
- Description: Based on the conducted interviews, the survey of MSB Bank, report of HR and the observation of the researcher, the current situation of SME lending in MSB Bank was described, inspected and compared to other banks in non-financial aspects such as credit procedures, HR, product portfolio, etc. - Statistical analysis: By using financial ratios related to productivity, profitability and risk, the SME lending performance of MSB Bank over 03 years from 2015 to 2017 was analyzed in financial aspects.6 Research structure Basically, the research structure presents a brief summary of the research. This thesis includes four chapters. Details as below Chapter One explains the background and rationale for selecting research area, objectives, scope and methodology.
4 c Chapter Two provides literature review on SME lending activities of commercial banks, contains relevant theoretical frameworks, concepts and points of view in existing researches in the investigation area. Chapter Three addresses facts findings of SME lending at MSB Bank in recent years via using the main criteria and significant aspects mentioned in previous chapter for assessment.