THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY NGUYEN THI HUE AWARENESS OF LOCAL PEOPLE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE AND YOUNG PEOPLE’S INTEREST IN CLIMATE CHANGE IN SURAKARTA CITY, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Programs Office Batch : 2016-2020 Thai Nguyen, 26/11/2020 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name NGUYEN THI HUE Student ID DTN1654290016 Thesis Title Awareness of local people environmental issue and young people’s interest in climate change in Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia Prof. Dr Dang Van Minh Dr.Si Supervisor Supervisor’s signature Abstract: The effects of climate change in the atmosphere are starting to appear. This is clear, not only that it impacts the natural world, but also human cultures. In Indonesia, according to the IPCC estimates, these impacts are expected to increase over the coming decades.
The temperature will increase, the amount of rainfall will decline and the rise in the sea level will impact a variety of coastal areas. Extreme weather conditions are also becoming more and more common triggering problems such as flooding and droughts. Such developments present a significant challenge to human existence, economic growth, and the natural environment on which humans rely primarily for their prosperity. 2 Moreover, these changes affect different levels and in different ways in every society.
This research would have a general context for potential forecasts of the field of focus on climatic factors and climate change. The purpose of this study is to assess adolescents and local people on how local people appreciate and care about climate change in the city of Surakarta. The effort should also be made to examine for the area the factors that render society's essential realms susceptible to severe weather events. The goal of this is to explain at some level the causes that increase the susceptibility of the local community when subjected to different triggers, as the effectiveness of adaptation or mitigation approaches is subject to population dynamics along with other variables.
Keywords Awareness, Climate change, Local people, Young people, Human behavior, Knowledge Number pages 61 Date of submission 26/11/2020 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Foremost, I would like to thank my family. My parents gave birth to me in the first place and supported me spiritually throughout my life. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor P r o f. D r Dang Van Minh for the continuous support of my research, for her patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge.
His guidance has helped me to study and write this thesis all the time. I couldn't have imagined that I had a better consultant and mentor for my research. Besides my advisor, I would like to thank the rest of my thesis committee: Ir.Ec for their encouragement, insightful comments, and hard questions. Thank you so much.
I would like to say thank Desta and Iqbal, who helped me to translate my questionnaire and explain what I cannot understand. Also, I thank my friend Linda who very sensitive assistant and helped me spread the questionnaire. Besides, I thank my friends in Universitas Sebelas Maret. Thank you for those people who have never been here during my hard times, because you guys teach me a lot that sometimes the one you're hoping will always stay right next to you during your hard times is the one who's just a small part of your life that you don't even need to remember, and finally, I thank you for being able to cope with every obstacle during this study of procrastinating.
I appreciate that I've done it very well. The researcher Nguyen Thi Hue 4 TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF FIGURES. 7 LIST OF TABLES. Research Questions and Hypotheses.
Scope and Limitations. Significance of Study. The environmental issue in Indonesia. Awareness and knowledge of climate change.
Climate Change Knowledge, Views, and Agency 2. Emotions and Coping in relation to Climate Change 2. Human behavior in responding to climate change. Adaptation to climate change 2.
Adaptation and mitigation 2. The factor that influences the awareness of climate change. Access to information 2. Income CHAPTER III.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4. Cross classification and data testing. Factor Analysis that Affects Awareness climate change in Surakarta. 55 6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Key factors of adaptation to climate change.16 Figure 2: Results in percentages of question 1.
“Have you ever heard about climate change?”. 36 Figure 3: Results in percentages of question 2. “How important is the issue of climate change to you personally?. 37 Figure 4: Results in percentages of question 3: Which of these natural events affects climate change in the region?.
37 Figure 5: Results in percentages of question 4: “Who do you think should have the main responsibility for tackling climate change?”. 38 Figure 6: Results in percentages of question 5. “Do you think that the local authorities are adequately prepared to cope with the possible impacts of climate change?”. 39 Figure 7: Results in percentages of question 6: “Have you ever taken or do you regularly take, any action out of concern for climate change?”.
39 Figure 8: Correlation between age and belief in Climate Change due to human activities. 40 Figure 9: Correlation between gender and belief in Climate Change due to human activities. 42 Figure 10: Correlation between education level and belief in climate change due to anthropogenic activities. 42 Figure 11: Correlation between age and the belief of having experienced extreme weather conditions caused by long-term global climate change.
43 7 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Conceptual differences between adaptation and mitigation orientation. 17 Table 2: Respond of people on climate change based on age .40 Table 3: Respond of people on climate change based on education gender .41 Table 4: Respond of people on climate change based on education .42 Table 5: Respond of people on climate change based on age of having experienced weather condition. Research Rationale Climate change which is a method of altering the climate environment over a lengthy period and across a large region due to natural causes or human activities has become a global concern. Normal cycles provide a limited impact on climate change, while human action is the most important factor in climate change.
According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)(1992), explain that climate change is a climate transition that is specifically or implicitly due to human intervention that changes the structure of the global environment and exists in comparison to the normal climate variation found over similar periods. Climate change impacts environmental, social and economic processes. This limits the supply of healthy food and clean water and threatens wildlife and sustainable breathing conditions. This leads to poverty, poor health, and displacement, leaving young people especially vulnerable.
Impacts of climate change involve but are not limited to, melting ice, rising sea levels and increasing the occurrence of severe weather conditions such as droughts, cyclones or heavy rainfall. The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)(2014) has stated that proof of a human impact on climate change is well-defined. Climate change is related to global economic changes impacting the progress of industrialization, including greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gasses consist of many pollutants, one of which is carbon dioxide (CO2), which is primarily generated through fuel-burning operations.
The production of CO2 has risen by 31 percent since 1750 (Houghton et al., 2001) which was largely attributed to deforestation, 9 shipping operations, and the manufacturing field. Scientists have found certain indicators of climate change: Since 1861, global surface temperatures have risen by 0.6 oC and then by 0.2 oC over the 20th century. Likewise, the global sea level increased from 0.2 meters in the 20th century. Finally, snow and ice cover reduced by around 10%.
Global change is expected to impact both the climate and the human species, while human wellbeing is influenced by environmental factors. Climate change negatively affects people, including their wellbeing, in a variety of areas. The rising global temperatures are creating issues for people with respiratory conditions such as asthma. Data recorded a rise in the occurrence of extreme asthma after a thunderstorm during the pollen season owing to allergy(D’Amato et al.
Another case stated that heavy precipitation, rising temperatures, and wind affect outdoor physical activity, including young people and local people(Chan & Ryan, 2009). Physical activity is one of the determinants of wellbeing. Some health consequences of climate change are linked to vector -borne diseases. As a consequence of climate change, economic position, vector control capacity, and drug resistance (Githeko et al.
According to this data, climate change and human health are interrelated. As a broad archipelago community, Indonesia is one of the countries susceptible to climate change owing to its geographical position and subtropical environment, and also has a high population density that relies on agriculture. Higher sea levels, flooding, droughts, and landslides are several types of climate change threats that affect Indonesia. According to PEACE (2007) defined environmental change in Indonesia has been recorded since 1990 as a consequence of a temperature rise of around 0.3oC which has happened all year 10 round in all seasons.
During precipitation, Indonesia is projected to receive about 2- 3 percent more precipitation per year as a consequence of climate change. Over the past three decades, Indonesia has undergone many disasters, 80 percent of which have been related to climate change (J. This has proven that Indonesia is a nation that is very susceptible to climate change. The selection of the Central Java province was based on a variety of factors.
Firstly, Central Java is a region vulnerable to natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding, landslides, droughts and declining coastlines. This is the most rugged area of Indonesia, with its fertile land and plentiful waterways (Bemmelen, 1949). Secondly, the region of 32.38 million inhabitants is the most populated (BPS Provinsi Jawa Tengah, 2014. Thirdly, Central Java has undergone accelerated urbanization since the 1980s, with the negative consequences of strong civil turmoil (Heijmans, 2012).
Surakarta is a city in Indonesia that has been faced with climate change, including its effects on safety. However, insufficient work has assessed climate change and its effects on this region. With a population of more than 550.000 people, Surakarta is a densely populated city (Indonesia Access, 2018). Surakarta is one of the towns on the island of Java that is prone to floods.
Floods that occur can be triggered by the outburst of the Bengawan Solo River or by floods due to heavy rainfall. Historically, in 1966, Surakarta suffered massive flooding in the city square of Surakarta. Furthermore, Surakarta is a metropolitan city with restricted natural wealth. Agricultural land is shrinking more and more due to the transfer of roles to cities, commerce, and manufacturing.
This has an effect on the diminishing position and commitment of the agricultural sector to 11 sustain regional development and to the gain of agricultural products such as food crops, forestry, fisheries and livestock(Isharyanto, 2018). Sight by youth, awareness and residents regarding the effects of climate change on wellbeing is a significant aspect of this for a variety of factors. First, it is necessary for adolescents and local people to have better adaptability, today's young people are tomorrow's representatives, decision-makers and scholars. As a consequence, this community should have a significant impact in the future, not just as lay citizens, but also in different occupational positions.
A basic example: once teenagers realize that access to sunlight is detrimental to their bodies, they may take adequate preventive steps. Understanding respondents'desire for knowledge on the cause of climate change is an integral aspect of delivering accurate and reliable research. Second, teens or young adults are the ideal drivers of transformation to be the bearers of the announcement of climate change.