TABLE OF CONTENTS Statement of Authorship. ii Table of Contents. 1 List of Abbreviations. 5 List of Tables.
6 List of Charts. Background of the study. Rationale of the study. Purposes of the study.
Significance of the study. Scope of the study. Structure of the study .15 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. Discourse - text- essay.
Discourse and text. Discourse, text and essay. Academic essay writing. Criteria for evaluating academic essay.
Coherence and cohesion in an essay. The term "discourse markers". Definitions of Discourse markers. Types of discourse markers used in written discourse.
Positions of Discourse markers. The importance of discourse markers in academic essays. Teaching and learning essay writing skills in EFL environments. Teaching and learning essay writing skills at EFL colleges.
Teaching and learning essay writing skills at Vietnamese colleges. Teaching and learning academic essay writing skills at Ninh Thuan Teachers' Training College. An overview of the previous studies on the use of discourse markers for essay writing. Previous studies from different countries in the world.
Previous studies conducted in Vietnam. Gaps in literature review. Research questions and hypotheses. Data collection instruments.
Likert scale questionnaire. Interview questions for students. Reflective learning journals. Data collection procedures.
Collecting data from student interviews. Collecting data from learning journals. Quantitative data analysis. Qualitative data analysis.
Descriptions of treatment course. Procedures of research .51 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION. Questionnaire data analysis. Students' perceptions of using discourse markers for essay writing before and after the treatment.
Students' abilities to use discourse markers for essay writing before and after the treatment. Test score data analysis. Pre-test on writing. Post-test on writing.
Pre- and post-test analysis.1 Correlation between students' perceptions on using DMs for essay writing and writing performance. Correlation between students' abilities to use DMs for essay writing and writing performance. Reflective learning journal data analysis. The first reflective learning journals.
The second reflective learning journals. Interview data analysis. What do you think about using DMs for essay writing?. To what extent can you use discourse markers exactly and appropriately in your essay?.
How does the use of DMs influence your writing performance? .84 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS. Limitations of the study .92 APPENDICES 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 1. EFL English as a Foreign Language 2. ESL English as a Second Language 3.
DMs Discourse Markers 4. DM Discourse Marker 5. SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 5 LIST OF TABLES Chapter 2: Table 2.1: Position of Discourse Markers .1: Participants of the study .2: Clusters and items of the questionnaire .3: A summary of data collection instruments .5: Learning journal group .7: Procedures of research .1: Students' perceptions of using discourse markers before and after the treatment .2a: Students' abilities to use DMs for essay writing before and after the treatment .2b: Students' abilities to use DMs for essay writing before and after the treatment .3: The scores of pre-test on writing .4: The scores of post-test on writing .5: The mean scores of pre-test and post-test .6: The mean scores of organization component before and after the treatment .7: Correlation between students' perceptions of using DMs for essay writing and writing performance .8: Correlation between students' abilities to DMs and writing performance. 67 6 LIST OF CHARTS Chapter 4: Chart 4.1: Mean scores of perceptions on using DMs before and after the treatment .2a: Students' perceptions on using DMs for essay writing (item 2) .2b: Students' perceptions on using DMs for essay writing (item 17) .3: Combined percentages for "strongly agree" and "agree" of the items 1, 5, and 18 before and after the treatment .4: Combined Percentages for "strongly agree" and " agree" of the items 5, 6 9, and 14 before and after the treatment .5: Percentages of agree and strongly agree attitudes in the items 3, 10, 12, and 20 before and after the treatment .6: Results of pre-test on writing .