THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRCULTURE AND FORESTRY TRAN THI NHU INVESTIGATION OF THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT CAPACITY AFTER THE MINERAL EXPLOITATION BY USING AGRICULTURAL WASTES (SUGAR-CANE BAGASSE, PEANUT SHELLS AND COCONUT FIBERS) BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: International Training and Development Center Batch: 2012-2016 Thai Nguyen, 15/09/2016 i DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environment Science and Management Student name Tran Thi Nhu Student ID DTN1253080006 Thesis Title Investigation of the wastewater treatment capacity after the mineral exploitation by using agricultural wastes (sugar- cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers) Supervisor (s) Assoc. Dam Xuan Van, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry ABSTRACT This research used agricultural wastes (sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers) as a low cost materials in order to remove the heavy metal in the wastewater after the mineral exploitation and in laboratory water which was mixed with a fix concentration of heavy metals (500 mg/l and 1000 mg/l). The results showed that sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers have a very well heavy metals adsorption capacity. When the amount of adsorption materials increases, the adsorption capacity of Cu, Pb also increases immediatetly.
For example, with sugar- cane bagasse, the ability to absorb heavy metals is highest when sugar-cane bagasse entered is 900g, sugar-cane bagasse can absorb about 71.452% (Treatment 3 Pb F3Pb with the amount of sugar-cane bagasse is 900g), it increases about 1.66 times compared with the amount of Pb that it absorbed in treatment 1 Pb ( F1Pb with the amount of sugar-cane bagasse is 300g). Similarly, the highest amount of peanut sheels ii and coconut fibers to absorb the heavy metals is 900g and declining due to reducing the amount of peanut shells and coconut fibers. The heavy metals adsorption productivity achieved 30%-80% by comparing with the initial concentration. It is concluded that agricutural wastes can remove heavy metals (Pb, Cu)in the wastewater, coconut fibers showed the best heavy metals absorption capacity followed by sugar-cane bagasse and peanut shells.
Sugar-cane bagasse 2. Heavy metals Numbers of Pages 44 Date of Submission September , 2016 Supervisor’s signature iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT From bottom of my heart, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the opportunity to complete this research. First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude and special thanks to School Leadership and teachers at International Training and Development Center - Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry those imparted for me the knowledge as well as facilitating learning and help me during the learning process in schools. In particularly, Iwould like to express my sincere gratitude and deep regards tomy supervisorAssoc.Dam Xuan Vanin Faculty of Management Resources - who took time out to hear, guide, support and encourage me on the correct path and allowing me to carry out my study to have successful results.
Especially, hispriceless advices are not a small contributein orienting my careers and future. Besides my supervisors, I would like to thank Dr. Tran Thi Pha in Faculty of Environment, who gave the permission to use all required equipment and the necessary materials to conduct my reseach in Laboratory of Environment Resources. Especially, I would like to thanks for her advice, encouragement and guidance during my thesis.
Moreover, Ialso want toexpress my thanks to the Faculty of Environmentfor helping and providing me a good laboratory with modern equipment and good infrastructure that plays an important part in the success of my thesis. I would also like to thanks to Do Minh Hong, Do Manh Dung, Nguyen Thi Van, Nguyen Vu Tuan Anh – my classmates, who provided their ongoing support, questions and suggestions. iv Last but not least, I would like to express my love and gratitude to my beloved parents for their support and endles love. I would like to sincerely thank! Thai Nguyen, September , 2016 Sincerely, Tran Thi Nhu v TABLE OF CONTENTS List of figures.
viii List of tables .ix List of appreviations .Research question and hypotheses. Overview of heavy metal. Definition and sources of heavy metals. Characteristics of heavy metals.
Overview of Agricultural wastes. Sugar-cane bagasse. The characteristics of heavy metal that related to the study. Characteristics of Copper (Cu).
Characteristics of Lead (Pb). Researches on heavy metals adsorption capacity. Research situation in Vietnam. Research situation in the world .14 vi PART III.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. Research location and study period. Collecting secondary data. Collecting water samples, agricultural wastes samples.
Analytical method in laboratory .Assessing the heavy metal adsorption capacity of agricultural wastes in water which is mixed with a certain concentration of heavy metals (500 mg/l and 1000 mg/l). Assessing the ability to absorb heavy metals (HM) in the wastewater of sugar- cane bagasse. Assessing the ability to absorb heavy metals (HM) in the wastewater of peanut shells………………………………………………………………………………. Assessing the ability to absorb heavy metals (HM) in the wastewater of coconut fibers 31 4.Assessing the Heavy metal adsorption capacity in wastewater by using agricultural waste in the mining area of Lead, Zinc in Hich Village, Tan Long commune, Thai Nguyen province.Assessing the heavymetal concentration contained in wastewater in the mining area of Lead and Zinc in Hich Village in Tan Long commune, Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen Province .Assessing the ability to absorb heavy metals (HM) in the wastewater of agricultural wastes.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION .40 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3. Sugar-cane bagasse. Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy machine. Electronic weight scale 4 number Presica XT 120A.
The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of sugar-cane bagasse with the concentration of Saline solution entered in water is 500 mg/l. The ability to absorb Heavy Metal ofsugar-cane bagasse with the concentration of Saline solution entered in water is 1000 mg/l. The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of peanut peels with the concentration of Saline solution entered in water is 500 mg/l. The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of peanut peels with the concentration of Saline solution entered in water is 1000 mg/l.
The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of coconut fibers with the concentration of Saline solution entered in water is 500 mg/l. The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of coconut fibers with the concentration of Saline solution entered in water is 1000 mg/l. The ability to absorb HM of sugar-cane bagasse with different contents. The ability to absorb HM of peanut shells with different contents.
The ability to absorb HM of coconut fibers with different contents .36 ix LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: The time for taking the water samples .1: The ability for adsorbing the HM of sugar-cane bagasse .2: The ability for adsorbing the HM of peanut shells .3: The ability for adsorbing the HM of Coconut fibers. The concentration (mg/l) of heavy metal in wastewater after the mineral exploitation in the mining area of Lead, Zinc in Hich Village. The ability to absorb HM Pb in wastewater after the mineral exploitation of sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers.34 x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATIONS MEANING AAS Atomic adsorption spectroscopy AP Adsorption Productivity HM Heavy metal MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment ISO International Organization for Standard WHO World Health Organization xi PART I. Research rationale Nowadays, Environmental pollution is one of the biggest problems that the world arefacing.
It has brought an enormous affect to human’s life and other organisms. Within the general context of world pollution, water environment in Vietnam is also severely degraded; especially water environment is becoming increasingly serious. Most of the earth’s surface is covered by water; most of human’sbody arecomposed of water. These are two facts illustrating the critical linkages between water, health and ecosystems.
It can be seen that, water is the most essential compound on the earth for human activities. Providing clean water is the prime requirement of the human being for their better health. Since the fast growing sector of industries, expansion of population, and urbanization have a large contributed to the severe contamination of water. Chemicals and fertilizers use in domestic and agricultural activities leads to the lifetime threatening diseases.
Intense use of heavy metals in industries for dyeing, paint, etc is becoming one of the most serious environmental problems globally. Its presence in low concentration of heavy metals in various water resources could be harmful to human health and all the organisms in the aquatic environment. The treatment of heavy metals is very important due to their persistence in the environment. Therefore, the study and finding the methods to treat the heavy metal in water environment and contributing to environmental improvement is urgently needed.
Besides the raising awareness of human, tightening environmental management, finding methods to remove heavy metal ions, organic compounds toxic 1 in the aquatic environment have a significant enormous. On the world, there were many methods that are used to separate type of heavy metal ions out of the environment such as chemical and physical methods (absorbance method, ion exchange method, etc), biological methods, chemical methods etc, however, the treatment efficiency is not high and the cost is very expensive. Therefore, the issues raised arefinding out the methods which can adsorb the heavy metal in water that is effective, and easy to implement, low cost and friendly with environment. The effective removal of heavy metals from aqueous wastes is among the most important issues for many industrialized countries.
Rapid industrialization and poor effluent treatment processes in many industries have led to a substantial lowering of water quality that is fed to water bodies. Presence of heavy metals is one of the many factors that lower water quality. These heavy metals cause harmful effects on health, increase environmental toxicity and affect to the aesthetic quality of water. The levels of heavy metals in water system have substantially increased over time with rapid development of industrial activities (J.
Nouri et al. In recent years the adsorption process has been recognized as an effective and economic method for the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters as it offers flexibility in design and operation so as to produce high quality treated effluents of desired standards for disposal. The application of agricultural products and by-products has been widely investigated as an alternative for costly methods of removing heavy metals from water and wastewater. This paper reviews the current methods to explore low cost adsorbents and their utilization techniques for various agro and horticultural waste by- products like sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers.
The advantage of 2 this method is going from inexpensive raw materials, availability, simple process, the cost of handling is low, simultaneous separation many type of metal in the solution, and recovery of metals and no added the toxic agents to environment. Specifically, sugar-cane bagasse, coconut fibers, peanut shells are popular materials in Vietnam with annual output of very large. Stemming from the above reality and expectations of myself, under the advisor of Assoc.Dam Xuan Van, I conducted my thesis: “Investigation of the wastewater treatment capacity after the mineral exploitation by using the agricultural wastes (sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers)”. Research’s objectives The primary objective of this study is removing the heavy metal in wastewater by using the agricultural by-products.
In order to meet the main objective of the study, the following specific objectives are adopted: (a) Finding a safe method and low cost adsorbents for various agro and horticultural waste by-products which could adsorb heavy metal in wastewater. (b) Investigation of the factor affecting to the absorption of heavy metal in water of agricultural products and by-products such as: time, metal concentration. (c) Giving the application for the use of wastewater after conducting experiments. Research question and hypotheses With many advantages in the environmental fields, the application of agricultural wastes in wastewater treatment capacity is a good effective measure to 3 remove the heavy metals.