MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING GRADUATION PROJECT ROBOTIC AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH ON PRECISION LANDING CONTROL OF UAV ON MOVING LANDING PAD ADVISOR: Ph.D HA LE NHU NGOC THANH STUDENT: TRAN MINH QUANG TRAN DINH NAM DO THANH TRUNG SKL010843 Ho Chi Minh city, July 2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING GRADUATION THESIS Project: “RESEARCH ON PRECISION LANDING CONTROL OF UAV ON MOVING LANDING PAD” Advisor: HA LE NHU NGOC THANH, Ph. Students: TRAN MINH QUANG. ID: 19134080 TRAN DINH NAM. ID: 19134079 DO THANH TRUNG.
ID: 19134090 Class: 19134 Academic year: 2019 – 2023 Ho Chi Minh city, July 2023 HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS GRADUATION THESIS Project: “RESEARCH ON PRECISION LANDING CONTROL OF UAV ON MOVING LANDING PAD” Advisor: HA LE NHU NGOC THANH, Ph. Students: TRAN MINH QUANG. ID: 19134080 TRAN DINH NAM. ID: 19134079 DO THANH TRUNG.
ID: 19134090 Class: 19134 Academic year: 2019 - 2023 Ho Chi Minh city, July 2023 1 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM KỸ THUẬT TP. HCM CỘNG HOÀ XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM KHOA CƠ KHÍ CHẾ TẠO MÁY Độc lập - Tự do – Hạnh phúc BỘ MÔN CƠ ĐIỆN TỬ NHIỆM VỤ ĐỒ ÁN TỐT NGHIỆP Học kỳ II/ năm học 2022-2023 Giảng viên hướng dẫn: Hà Lê Như Ngọc Thành Sinh viên thực hiện: Trần Minh Quang MSSV: 19134080 Điện thoại: 0336277401 Đỗ Thành Trung MSSV: 19134090 Điện thoại: 0916849141 Trần Đình Nam MSSV: 19134079 Điện thoại: 0366697867 1. Mã số đề tài: 22223DT119 - Tên đề tài: Research on precision landing control of UAV on moving landing pad. Các số liệu, tài liệu ban đầu: - Vận tốc tối đa của UAV tracking robot di động là 5m/s - Khối lượng tổng của UAV là 2kg - Kích thước khung của UAV là 650mm - Chiều dài cánh quạt từ 10 – 12 inch (254 – 305 mm) 3.
Nội dung chính của đồ án: - Lắp ráp UAV. - Vận hành thử nghiệm ở chế độ bay cân bằng (stabilization) và vị trí (position) - Tính toán và thiết kế bộ điều khiển cho UAV - Nghiên cứu và thử nghiệm thuật toán bám theo robot di động - Nghiên cứu và thử nghiệm thuật toán hạ cánh chính xác trên robot di động. Các sản phẩm dự kiến - Mô hình UAV hoàn chỉnh hoạt động theo nội dung của đồ án. - Chương trình điều khiển, sơ đồ đi dây của hệ thống điều khiển.
Ngôn ngữ trình bày: Bản báo cáo: Tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt Trình bày bảo vệ: Tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt i TRƯỞNG KHOA TRƯỞNG BỘ MÔN GIẢNG VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN (Ký, ghi rõ họ tên) (Ký, ghi rõ họ tên) (Ký, ghi rõ họ tên) Được phép bảo vệ:. (GVHD kí và ghi rõ họ tên) ii STATEMENT OF COMMITMENT - Project name: Research on precision landing control of UAV on moving landing pad - Advisor: Ha Le Nhu Ngoc Thanh, Ph. - Student: Tran Minh Quang MSSV:19134080 Class: 19134 Do Thanh Trung MSSV:19134090 Class: 19134 Tran Dinh Nam MSSV:19134079 Class: 19134 - Address: 2C, Road 160, Tang Nhon Phu A Ward, Thu Duc city, HCMC - Phone: 0336277401 - Email: 19134080@student.vn - Graduation thesis submission date: 18/07/2023 - Statement of commitment: "I hereby declare that this graduation thesis is my own research and work. I have not copied from any published article without citing the source.
If there is any violation, I take full responsibility" Ho Chi Minh City, 15th July 2023 (Sign) iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT After four years of studying hard and equipped with some necessary specialized knowledge, we have completed the capstone project. We have gone half way through the training program set out by the school. And throughout the past journey, we have received dedicated instruction from the teachers of the University of Technology and Education of Ho Chi Minh City as well as the teachers of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering. It was that valuable knowledge that helped us complete this project.
Therefore, first of all, we would like to thank the University of Technology and Education of Ho Chi Minh City in general and the teachers of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in particular. First and foremost, we would like to express our sincere thanks to Mr. Ha Le Nhu Ngoc Thanh. The teacher has dedicatedly guided us to complete the graduation thesis in the best way.
Without his guidance, perhaps this project will not be completed on time. Finally, we are immensely grateful to our family for their unwavering love, understanding, and encouragement. Their endless support, belief in my abilities, and sacrifices have been the foundation on which I have built my academic journey. Sincerely, Do Thanh Trung Tran Minh Quang Tran Dinh Nam iv ABSTRACT RESEARCH ON PRECISION LANDING CONTROL OF UAV ON MOVING LANDING PAD The progress of science and technology has been applied intensively in industry and life.
Automatic machines and robots have opened a new era when muscular labor is gradually replaced by labor of machines and equipment with high precision, ability to work non-stop, and multi-tasking potential. Robots can help people in all areas of life. Application of robots has appeared in many factories such as mobile robots or robot arms, but applications related to flying robots are still less popular. UAV is a type of device that has recently been used widely in many applications such as military reconnaissance, agricultural spraying, delivery, videography, search and rescue, etc.
Currently, in Vietnam, only businesses invest in research in this field. Few universities have ability to conduct research in drone because of limited knowledge and resources. Landing is one of important stages of an automatic drone control system. Precise landing not only improves performance and energy efficiency but also helps avoid unnecessary accidents with the surrounding environment.
When drones need more functionality (For instance, we want the drone to operate continuously for a long time; because the drone's disadvantage is short flight times and landing on a static platform, a flying strategy must be optimized for the drone to come back to the charging station), restricting them to land on a static platform limits the flexibility of the drone and the diversity of development ideas for the system. Therefore, it is of great interest to create a drone system which can precisely land on a moving target. In this thesis, we report the development of precision landing control of a quadrotor UAV on moving landing pad. Quadrotor UAV has the ability to accurately land on moving targets.
The study covers the following parts: drone control theory, the process of calculating and selecting components for drones such as frame, motor, etc…, calculating automatic control for precise landing drone system, design of electrical circuits, and processing image collected from cameras to identify and track the landing pad. v TABLE OF CONTENTS NHIỆM VỤ ĐỒ ÁN TỐT NGHIỆP .i STATEMENT OF COMMITMENT. v TABLE OF CONTENTS .vi LIST OF TABLES. x LIST OF FIGURES .xi LIST OF ABBREVIATION.
xv CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW AND PROBLEM STATEMENTS .3 Scope of the study .5 Scientific and practical significance of the project. 3 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASIS. Overview of UAV – Drone. Applications of UAVs.
Classification of UAVs. Challenges and limitations of UAV. Overview of Quadcopter. Relation of PWM and Force.
Relation of PWM and Moment. Electronic Speed Controller. Brushless DC motor. PID Parameter Tuning.
Applications of PID Controller in Drones.6 Communication protocols theory .44 CHAPTER 3: CALCULATE, DESIGN, AND ASSEMBLY .3 Calculate and select components. Calculate and select motors. Calculate and select ESC. Calculate and select propeller, and lipo battery.
Select flight controller. Select radio control systems. Select companion computer. Voltage regulator circuit 5V.
Control circuit wiring diagram. Design some extra components. Material selection basis. Design power management board, reduced voltage regulator module, Jetson nano.
Design battery and camera holder. Mechanical design results .65 CHAPTER 4: CONTROL SYSTEM. Transfer function for altitude control. Design P-P controller for altitude.
Transfer function for position control. Design P-P controller for position. General control block diagram. Landing Pad detection.
Detect using OpenCV. Detect using Deep Learning. Landing pad disappears from the camera. Software in the loop (SITL).
Hardware in the loop (HITL). ROS node communication. Software used in the system .84 viii CHAPTER 5: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS. Experimental model of UAV.
Position and altitude control. Tracking and landing test results. 89 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND DEVELOPMENT. 92 ix LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 SunnySky X2814 1100Kv Specifications .2 Estimation of motor power with different types of propellers and batteries .3 Comparision between Raspberry Pi and Jetson Nano.
59 x LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.2 Drone market size and forecast 2020-2025 [2] .1 Types of UAV [3].2 UAV for Spraying Pesticides [4].3 Application of UAV in filmmaking [5].5 Use drones for emergency response to fires [7] .6 Types of Multirotor Drone [8].7 Fixed-Wing Drones [9] .8 Single-Rotor Drones [10] .9 Fixed-Wing Hybrid VTOL [11] .10 Drones affect flights [12] .11 Quadrotor Flight Configurations [13] .12 Quadcopter plus configuration [14] .13 Quadcopter cross configuration [15] .17 Control system for UAV .18 : Analyze the force and moment acting on the drone [16] .19 Rotate the {V} frame around the Z-axis by an angle ψ.20 Rotate the {V1} frame around the Y-axis by an angle .21 Rotate the {V2} frame around the X-axis by an angle .22 Analyze the force and moment acting on the drone [16] .23 Analyze the force and moment acting on the drone [16] .24 Motor speed graph .25 General electrical circuit .26 parameters of the rotating solid .27 Relationship diagram between PWM pulse and propeller lift .28 Diagram of the relationship between PWM pulse and rotor torque.29 Relationship between lift force and roll angle .30 Transfer function for rate of change of angle roll .31 Transfer function converts roll speed to roll angle .32 Roll angle control transfer function.33 Relationship between lift force and pitch angle .34 Transfer function for the rate of change of pitch angle .35 The transfer function converts pitch rate to pitch angle .36 Pitch angle control transfer function .37 Relationship between motor torque and yaw angle .38 Transfer function for rate of change of angle yaw .39 The transfer function converts pitch rate to pitch angle .40 The transfer function converts yaw speed to angle yaw .41 Types of flight controller [17] .42 Architecture for an unmanned vehicle architecture [18] .43 Structure of an Electronics Speed Controller [19] .44 Brushless DC motor [20] .45 Construction and Working Principle of Brushless DC Motor [21].46 Brushless Inrunner Motor and Brusless Outrunner Motor [22] .47 Block diagram of PID controller [23] .48 Serial Peripheral Interface – SPI [24].1 Block diagram of system .2 Tarot Iron Man 650 Quadcopter Frame TL65B01 [28] .3 SunnySky X2814 KV1100 Brushless Motor [29].4 ESC Hobbywing SkyWalker 60A-UBEC [30] .5 GNB 5500mAh 4S LiPo Battery [31] .6 MR 1145 Nylon CW CCW Propellers .7 Pixhawk 4 PX4 Autopilot Flight Controller Kit [32] .8 Pixhawk 4 Flight Controller pinout [33] .9 Radio Control Systems [34] .10 Tranmister AT9S Pro [35] .11 Raspberry Pi 4 vs NVIDIA Jetson Nano Developer Kit [37] .12 Jetson nano Develop kit B01 [38] .13 Jetson nano Develop kit B01 pinout [38] .14 Camera Jetson Nano 160 Degree FoV IMX219 8MP [39] .15 Reduced Voltage Regulator Module [40] .16 Control circuit wiring diagram .17 Power management board, reduced voltage regulator module, and Jetson Nano .18 Battery and camera holder .19 Simulation design of quadcopter F650.1 The transfer function for the altitude change rate.