THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY PAUL ANGEL ERLINDO P. CANDOLE LEGISLATIVE PRODUCTIVITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: International Training and Development Center Batch: K42-AEP Thai Nguyen , 23/10/2015 n DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY Degree Program Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science and Management Student Name Paul Angel Erlindo P. Candole Student ID DTN1054140236 Thesis Title Legislative Productivity of Local Government on Environmental Protection and Management Supervisor (s) Dr. Nguyen The Hung and Dr.
Carlos Andam Abstract: Local government legislation on environmental related measure spells political commitment on pushing the agenda for environment protection. Environmental management is a shared responsibility among the many stakeholders even in the rural areas. However, there appear problematic areas affecting the pace of implementation at local government levels. Therefore the study was done to find out which factor might affect the mentioned legislation.
The factors are mostly about the background of each different legislators as well as the target area’s barangay and population. The study was conducted in the 7 municipalities of the province of Laguna (Mabitac, Famy, Siniloan, Pangil, Pakil, Paete, Kalayaan) near the Laguna lake or de bay and has not encountered a similar study. The author used frequency and correlation coeeficient analysis to find if legislative productivity has a relationship between local officials / legislator (age, gender, and educational attainment); if legislative productivity is affected by number of barangays and municipal population; and number of violators and their penalties. The study encountered limitations such as incomplete data (educational attainment, age, etc.), hard copies for number of violators and expansion of the study.
The study revealed that the municipality of Kalayaan and Pakil had the highest number of legislation on environmental management; gender and educational attainment of legislators affect the legislation related to the environment; while age showed different result. Keywords: Municipality, Municipal Ordinance, Legislation, Environmental Management, Legislative Body/Sanguniang Bayan/Local Legislator, Sponsor / Co-Sponsor Number of Page: 50 pages Date of October 2015 Submission: ii n ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author wishes to extend hi grateful appreciation to the following people for their valuable contribution in order to make this research possible; First and foremost, to our Almighty God for giving the author the wisdom, strength, courage and through him everything was made possible; To his family and relatives, for their support and unconditional love necessary to fulfill the author’s goal; To his friends in the Advanced Education Program for their encouragement and assistance in completing this study; To the Advanced Education Program headed by Dr. Duong Van Thao for his continuous support and assistance with their students; To the local government officials and PNPs of the seven different municipalities for their kindness and their 100% cooperation; To his two advisers and statistician, Dr. Nguyen The Hung (from Vietnam), Dr.
Andam (from the Philippines) and Ms. Pham for giving the author their support and guidance; Lastly, the author offers his regard and blessings to all of those who supported him in any respect during the completion of this research. iii n TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .1 LIST OF TABLES .3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Research Questions and Hypothesis.
Local Legislators/ Legislative Body/ Sanguniang Bayan. Ordinance and Resolution. Elements of an Ordinance. Steps in Enacting Ordinance.
Methods and Locations. Place of the Study. Time and Methods. Creating the Tables.
Number of Barangay and Population. Sponsor and Co-sponsor Profile. Categorizing Municipal Ordinances. Title of Municipal Ordinance.
Categories of Municipal Ordinance of Municipalities. Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (Higher Environmental Awareness). Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (Higher Environmental Awareness)29 4. Age vs Sponsored and Co-sponsored (Higher Environmental Awareness).
Age vs Sponsored Municipal Ordinance (Environmental Management or EM). Age vs Co-sponsored Municipal Ordinance (EM). Age vs Sponsored Municipal Ordinance (Environmental Management or EM). Age vs Co-sponsored Municipal Ordinance (EM).
Age vs Sponsored Municipal Ordinance (Environmental Management or EM) of Pangil. Age vs Sponsored Municipal Ordinance (Environmental Management or EM). Age vs Co-sponsored Municipal Ordinance (EM). Age vs Sponsored Municipal Ordinance (Environmental Management or EM).
Age vs Co-sponsored Municipal Ordinance (EM). Legislated Municipal Ordinance (EM) vs Number of Barangays. Legislated Municipal Ordinance (EM) vs Municipal Annual Population. Extent of Violation / Penalties.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. Municipal Legislator’s Environmental Awareness. Legislator Educational Attainment, Gender and Age. Number of Municipal Barangay and Annual Population.
Municipal Ordinance Violation .40 APPENDICES iii n LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4. Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Municipal Ordinance in the Municipality of Famy. Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Municipal Ordinance in the Municipality of Siniloan. Municipal Ordinance in the Municipality of Pangil with Unknown Educational Background.
Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Municipal Ordinance in the Municipality of Pakil. Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Municipal Ordinance in the Municipality of Kalayaan. Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in all of the 5 Municipalities (Famy, Siniloan, Pangil, Pakil and Kalayaan). Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in the Municipality of Famy.
Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in the Municipality of Siniloan. Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in the Municipality of Pangil. Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in the Municipality of Pakil. Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in the Municipality of Kalayaan.
Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in all of the Municipalities (Famy, Siniloan, Pangil, Pakil and Kalayaan).32 2 n LIST OF TABLES Table 3. Number of Barangays and Population of each Municipalities in the year (2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010). Categories of Municipal Ordinance of Municipalities.22 3 n LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CBA – Cost Benefit Analysis DA - Department of Agriculture DENR - Department of Environment and Natural Resources EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EM – Environmental Mangement EMB - Environmental Management Bureau HRMO – Human Resource Management Officer LCE –Local Chief Executive LGU – Local Government Unit MAO - Municipal Agricultural Offices MPDC – Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator NIPAS Act - National Integrated Protected Areas System Act NEPC - National Environmental Protection Council NPCC - National Pollution Control Commission PDS – Personal Data Sheet RA –Republic Act 4 n PART I. Research Rationale Local government legislation on environmental related measure spells political commitment on pushing the agenda for environment protection.
In terms of legislative productivity which refers to the extent of enacting ordinances, the quantity and the areas of concern are important indicators of the extent of awareness and effectiveness of implementation of environmental ordinances and policies by local leaders and if appropriate, the execution of corresponding penalties to violators. Environmental management is a shared responsibility among the many stakeholders even in the rural areas. However, there appear problematic areas affecting the pace of implementation at local government levels. The majority of LGUs were stifling in their ability to perform the devolved functions, and environmental governance was below par, despite the tremendous support provided by external groups (Catacutan, Garrity & Cramb, 2004).
For the medium-term, an environment that is healthy, ecologically balanced, sustainably productive, climate change resilient, and one that provides for present and future generations of Filipinos is envisioned. This vision will be pursued through an integrated and community-based ecosystems approach to environment and natural resources management, precautionary approach to environment and natural resources, sound environmental impact assessment (EIA) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA). These, then, are all anchored on the principles of shared responsibility, good governance, participation, social and environmental justice, intergenerational space 5 n and gender equity, with people at the core of conservation, protection and rehabilitation, and developmental initiatives (NEDA, 2011). In Laguna, Philippines, municipalities nearby the Laguna lake / de bay are the places that are immediately affected during flooding.
In the last 10 years, two flooding occurrences were experienced destroying properties, infrastructure, agricultural and fishery production enterprises and worse even lives are taken from people who were not able to manage to get away from the flood. Water in the lake rose above a meter in the last two flood occurrences. A typhoon called Glenda, damaged infrastructure in Central Luzon, Calabarzon, Mimaropa, Bicol, Eastern Visayas and Metro Manila has so far reached P1 billion. In Calabarzon, at least 106,539 houses were reported destroyed while damage to property has been initially estimated at P661.
Many areas in Quezon, Laguna and Batangas had not yet submitted damage reports due to communication problems (Inquirer, 2014). In the literatures reviewed, this research has not encountered a similar study that is looking at the contribution in terms of legislative productivity of the legislative arm of the municipal governments in terms of ordinances and policies supporting environmental management and governance from the years 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. In view of the premise that environmental management is a shared responsibility and as envisioned in the Local Government Code of the Philippines that environmental management rests upon the ambit of the municipal governments, it is but appropriate to appraise the municipal council’s legislative productivity, hence, this study is undertaken. Research Objectives Specifically, the study has the following objectives to give to those that are interested in legislation: 1.
To demonstrate the distribution in terms of area coverage of legislated municipal ordinances (EM); 2. To be able to express the relationship age, gender and educational attainment of local legislators to municipal ordinance (Environmental Management); and 3. To show the relationship of number of legislated municipal ordinances with number of barangays per municipality and municipal annual population; 4. To provide information regarding the extent of penalties of violators, if appropriate or provided, in legislated municipal ordinances; 5.
To be able to give knowledge about the number of violators each municipality obtained during the year 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. Research Questions and Hypothesis 1. Among which local legislators of different municipalities are environmentally aware, and which are not? 2. Do age, gender and educational attainment have anything to do with enacting environmental related municipal ordinance (EM)? 3.
Do number of municipal barangays and annual population have any relationship in legislating municipal ordinance (EM)? 4. How many environment violators does each municipality (Siniloan, Mabitac, Famy, Pangil, Pakil, Paete, and Kalayaan) have from the year 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010? And what punishment or penalties do they get? 7 n The following are the researcher’s hypothesis with unknown basis regarding the study: the legislators of the municipality of Siniloan have a higher chance of being environmentally aware than the legislators of the municipality of Kalayaan; the gender, age, educational attainment, number of barangay and annual population will show good results of having a good or better relationship with municipal ordinance (EM); the municipality that have the greatest municipal ordinance legislated will have the greater amount of violators. Limitations The study also encountered some limitations, it limited the scope of the study due to lack of data provided by some municipalities, etc., and these are: complete educational attainment, age, municipal population, the overall gender ratio living in each municipality; using simple analysis; not being able to use SPSS software as a tool for analysis; analyzing the relationship of municipal ordinance (EM) have any relationship with overall legislated productivity, hazardous / prone area (areas that are high at risk when a flood occurs), total number of land area and list of violators (hard copy).6 Definitions Local Government – the government that controls and makes decision for a local area (such as town, city, county) Municipality – a city or town that has its own government to deal with local problems Environmental Mangement – an attempt to control human impact on and interaction with the environment in order to preserve natural resources 8 n PART II.