Chuyển Động Tròn và Các Ứng Dụng Của Định Luật Newton

Chuyên ngành

Vật Lý

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Bài tập
70
3
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

6. Chương 6: CHUYỂN ĐỘNG TRÒN VÀ CÁC ỨNG DỤNG KHÁC CỦA CÁC ĐỊNH LUẬT NEWTON

6.1. Conceptual Questions

6.1.1. An object executes circular motion with constant speed whenever a net force of constant magnitude acts perpendicular to the velocity. What happens to the speed if the force is not perpendicular to the velocity?

6.1.2. Describe the path of a moving body in the event that (a) its acceleration is constant in magnitude at all times and perpendicular to the velocity, and (b) its acceleration is constant in magnitude at all times and parallel to the velocity.

6.1.3. The observer in the accelerating elevator of Example 5.8 would claim that the “weight” of the fish is T, the scale reading, but this answer is obviously wrong. Why does this observation differ from that of a person outside the elevator, at rest with respect to the Earth?

6.1.4. Consider a small raindrop and a large raindrop falling through the atmosphere. (a) Compare their terminal speeds. (b) What are their accelerations when they reach terminal speed?

6.1.5. “If the current position and velocity of every particle in the Universe were known, together with the laws describing the forces that particles exert on one another, the whole future of the Universe could be calculated. The future is determinate and preordained. Free will is an illusion.” Do you agree with this thesis? Argue for or against it.

6.2. Problems

6.2.1. A light string can support a stationary hanging load of 25 kg before breaking. An object of mass m = 3.00 kg attached to the string rotates on a frictionless, horizontal table in a circle of radius r = 0.800 m, and the other end of the string is held fixed as in Figure P6. What range of speeds can the object have before the string breaks?

6.2.2. In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, an electron moves in a circular path around a proton. The speed of the electron is approximately 2. Find (a) the force acting on the electron as it revolves in a circular orbit of radius 0.10-10m and (b) the centripetal acceleration of the electron.

6.2.3. A car initially traveling eastward turns north by traveling in a circular path at uniform speed as shown in Figure P6. The length of the arc ABC is 235 m, and the car completes the turn in 36. (a) What is the acceleration when the car is at B located at an angle of 35.00? Express your answer in terms of the unit vectors 𝑖መ and 𝑗. Determine (b) the car’s average speed and (c) its average acceleration during the 36.

6.2.4. Consider a conical pendulum (Fig.8) with a bob of mass m= 80.0 kg on a string of length L=10.0 m that makes an angle of 𝜃 = 5.000 with the vertical. Determine (a) the horizontal and vertical components of the force exerted by the string on the pendulum and (b) the radial acceleration of the bob.

6.2.5. A 40.0-kg child swings in a swing supported by two chains, each 3. The tension in each chain at the lowest point is 350 N. Find (a) the child’s speed at the lowest point and (b) the force exerted by the seat on the child at the lowest point.

6.2.6. A roller-coaster car (Fig.16) has a mass of 500 kg when fully loaded with passengers. The path of the coaster from its initial point shown in the figure to point B involves only up-and-down motion (as seen by the riders), with no motion to the left or right. (a) If the vehicle has a speed of 20.0 m/s at point A, what is the force exerted by the track on the car at this point? (b) What is the maximum speed the vehicle can have at point B and still remain on the track?

6.2.7. An adventurous archeologist (m=85.0 kg) tries to cross a river by swinging from a vine. The vine is 10.0 m long, and his speed at the bottom of the swing is 8. The archeologist doesn’t know that the vine has a breaking strength of 1000 N. Does he make it across the river without falling in?

6.2.8. An object of mass m=0.500 kg is suspended from the ceiling of an accelerating truck as shown in Figure P6.0 0 m/s2, find (a) the angle θ that the string makes with the vertical and (b) the tension T in the string.

6.2.9. Một người đứng trên cái cân đặt trong thang máy. Khi thang máy đi lên, cân có chỉ số 591N. Khi thang máy đi xuống, chỉ số của cân là 391N. Giả sử gia tốc thang máy là như nhau trong suốt quá trình hoạt động. Độ lớn trọng lực của người b. Khối lượng của người c. Gia tốc thang máy

6.2.10. A skydiver of mass 80.0 kg jumps from a slow-moving aircraft and reaches a terminal speed of 50. (a) What is her acceleration when her speed is 30.0 m/s? What is the drag force on the skydiver when her speed is (a) 50.

Chuyển động tròn và các ứng dụng khác của các định luật newton