VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VIETNAM JAPAN UNIVERSITY NGUYEN THI HAI YEN UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COOPERATION IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF UNIVERSITIES IN HANOI MASTER’S THESIS Hanoi, 2022 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VIETNAM JAPAN UNIVERSITY NGUYEN THI HAI YEN UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COOPERATION IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF UNIVERSITIES IN HANOI. MAJOR: Public Policy CODE: 8340402. RESEARCH SUPERVISOR: Dr. NGUYEN THUY ANH Hanoi, 2022 COMMITMENT I hereby declare that the thesis “University-industry cooperation in research and development (R&D) from the perspective of universities in Hanoi” is my own research under the supervision of Dr.
Nguyen Thuy Anh. The research’s method is qualitative and all interviews were conduct by me. The research result and conclusions of the thesis were not public in other research. I will take responsibility for this commitment.
Hanoi, date 26 month 06, 2022 Author Nguyen Thi Hai Yen ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge and give my deepest respect and appreciation to all those who are related to this research and who gave me valuable encouragement and guideline. First and foremost, the completion of this thesis could not have been possible without the sincere efforts and valuable time given by my supervisor, Dr. Nguyen Thuy Anh – Program Director, Lecturer in the Master’s Program in Public Policy. Her suggestions and directions, insightful advice, in-depth scientific knowledge, research experience, and timely support during the time I conducted the thesis have not only helped me in improving and completing my research but also inspired me to work independently and diligently.
Besides my supervisor, I would like to express my gratitude to other lecturers in the Master’s Program in Public Policy, including Dr. Dang Quang Vinh, Dr. Vu Hoang Linh, Dr. Naka Shigeto, Dr.
Ho Hong Hai, Dr. Phung Duc Tuan, Prof. Okamoto Naohisa, Prof. Fujimoto Koji for their valuable comments, constructive criticisms, recommendation and passionate support during the time I build up my proposal and conduct my thesis.
I would also like to thank my classmate, Nguyen Thanh Binh for supporting and encouraging me whenever I have difficulties and for keeping my development on track. Last but not least, I would like to express my warm gratitude to my family for being beside me, bringing me moral support and motivation to overcome difficulties in almost two years of my Master’s learning. Table of content INTRODUCTION. Reason for choosing the topic.
Outline of the research .1 Research related to the concept of universities and enterprises cooperation.2 Research on University-industry cooperation in Research and Development (R&D) .3 Researches on factors affecting University-Industry cooperation in R&D .2 Concept and model of university – industry cooperation.3 Concept and model of technology transfer .4 Concept of commercialization. Concept of university-industry cooperation in R&D. Why is university-industry cooperation in R&D important? .1 The case of China .1 The history of China’s university-industry cooperation .2 China’s policies related to the cooperation .3 Activities of university-industry cooperation .2 The case of USA. The history of the USA’s university-industry cooperation .2 USA’s policy related to the cooperation: Bayh-Dole act.3 Activities of university-industry cooperation .3 The case of Japan.1 The history of the Japan’s university-industry cooperation .2 Japan’s policy related to the cooperation .3 Activities of university-industry cooperation .1 Historical change in policies relating to university-industry cooperation .2 The case of universities in Hanoi.1 The case of Phenikaa university .2 Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA) .3 Discussing on the two cases.4 Discussing on factors affecting university-industry cooperation.85 ii LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 R&D cooperation activities Page 13 between universities and enterprises Table 1.2 Factors affecting university- Page 16 industry cooperation in R&D activities Table 3.1 1993 amendment to Article Page 27 15,16,17 of China’s 1988 Constitution Table 3.2 Japan – Intellectual Property Page 36 Rights in 2021 Table 4.1 The list and the discussion of Page 46 policies and legal document relating to the university-industry cooperation and university-industry cooperation in R&D.2 The list of Phenikaa’s policies in Page 56 Research&Development LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 The development of Triple- Page 20 Helix Model Figure 2.1 The process of technology Page 22 transfer LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS R&D: Research and Development VNUA: Vietnam National University of Agriculture U-I cooperation: University-Industry cooperation iv INTRODUCTION 1.
Reason for choosing the topic In the world, “the university-business relationship has a history spanning a century. In the Asian region, this relationship has been recognized since World War II. Universities with the function of creating, storing and spreading knowledge need effective partners to apply knowledge as well as perform their social functions. Enterprises cannot exist and develop without scientific knowledge as well as human resources with that knowledge created by universities.
With the increasing importance of this relationship for social development, the state has also become more and more influential and in recent years has actually become involved as an actor, creating out a new relationship with the three components. This relationship has been studied and modeled with the Triple Helix concept, proposed in the 90s of the last century by Etzkowitz (1993), Etzkowitz, H and Leydesdorff (1995), following the results of Lowe (1982), Sábato and Mackenzi (1982).” There are many forms of cooperation between universities,”research institutes and enterprises, which include: Cooperation on research activities, technology transfer and commercialization of inventions; Teaching; Construction of facilities; Through the training program; Short-terms internship; Organizing seminars, conferences, etc. There are differences between the forms of association common in developed and developing countries. In which, cooperation activities in developed countries mainly focus on technology transfer, research cooperation, universities tend to switch from traditional roles to a combination of knowledge transfer, technology transfer and commercialization.
While in developing countries, universities and enterprises focus more on teaching and internship activities (Jose, 2013).” The world and Vietnam stand on the threshold of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 with the explosive development of new technology.”The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has been radically changing production forms according to the trend of meeting the needs of personalization, lean and flexible production lines, minimizing costs and time. Enterprises that want to survive and develop sustainably in the new era need to fundamentally change their business and production methods, labor structure and labor qualifications and give priority to creative activities, innovation and application of science and technology. In addition, the university is not only a place to store, create and spread knowledge through two main activities: teaching and scientific research but also has a role and responsibility for developing the local and national socio-economic conditions. To accomplish that third mission, cooperate with external parties to transfer knowledge into specific and valuable products for the community.
1 Commercialization of research results and intellectual property is one of the top priorities in science and technology development policies of many countries in the world in general and Vietnam in particular. According to the Resolution of the 6th Conference of the Party Central Committee, Terms XI, 2012,”universities must be centers for scientific and technological research, technology transfer and application in production to life; implement close linkages between enterprises, employers, training institutions and the State to develop human resources according to social needs; Enterprises are the center of application innovation and technology transfer, the most critical source of demand in the science and technology market; There should be cohesion between these units to improve efficiency in research and development activities”. In 2021, the "National Science and Technology Market Development Program to 2030" was issued according to Decision 1158/QD-TTg, according to which one of the tasks is to develop a mechanism to promote cooperation in the field of science and technology. , university - enterprise; commercialization policy, quickly putting research results and intellectual property into production and business; promote cooperation between enterprises - institutes and universities in the direction of ordering technology or forming research projects, technology incubation, science and technology business incubation.
Support innovation activities of enterprises. There have been many studies in Vietnam on the relationship between enterprises,“research institutes and universities. However, few studies focusing on cooperation in research and development (R&D). Therefore, the author chooses the topic "University-enterprise cooperation in Research and Development from the perspective of universities in Hanoi" Based on building and perfecting the theoretical basis of the linkage relationship between universities,”enterprises and the state, and at the same time analyzing and evaluating the current situation of this relationship and related policies in Vietnam.
Nam, the topic aims to determsine the factors affecting cooperation between enterprises and universities in research and development activities, and propose appropriate solutions to develop this relationship.1 Theoretical necessity - First, systematize research on the cooperation between university and enterprises in R&D activities. 2 - Second conduct empirical research on the cooperation between universities and enterprises in Vietnam; perception of universities on the role of cooperation between universities and enterprises in Vietnam in the national innovation system. Clarifying the factors affecting the cooperation 2.2 Practical necessity - Systematize research on the the cooperation between university and enterprises in R&D activities. Lessons learned from some countries in the world.
- Systematize the system of policy in Vietnam on promoting cooperation between enterprises and universities in R&D - Identifying and clarifying by quantitative methods about the perception of universities on the role of cooperation between universities and enterprises in Hanoi and factors affecting the cooperation. - Proposing priority policy solutions to strengthen the cooperation between university enterprises in R&D activities. Research question What factors affecting the cooperation between universities and enterprises in R&D? 4. Research objectives - “First, systematize research on the cooperation between universities and enterprises in research, development, technology transfer and commercialization of scientific research results.
Lessons learned from some countries around the world. - Second, systematize the policy system to assess the impact of policies on the cooperation of universities and enterprises in research, development, technology transfer and commercialization of scientific research results. - Third, research on the cooperation between enterprises and universities, in research, development, technology transfer and commercialization of scientific research results; Clarify the motivational factors and barriers of universities in this cooperation. - Fourth, propose priority policy solutions to enhance thecooperation between universities and enterprises in Hanoi in particular and Vietnam in general in research, development, technology transfer and technology transfer, commercialization of scientific research results.
Research subjects Factors affecting the cooperation between universities and enterprises in R&D from the perspectives of universities. Research hypothesis There are many barriers including institutions, policies and laws in promoting universities and enterprises in cooperation activities for research development and technology transfer and commercialization of scientific research results. Research method - The research analysis variety of written sources. In this study, the sources of materials are collected through books, book chapters, scientific articles, domestic and foreign research works, etc.
to analyze and synthesize relevant documents and research works related to concepts, models, forms, motivations, barriers, and policies of linkage between universities and enterprises in Vietnam and other countries in research and technology transfer, commercialization activities. In addition, the study collects and analyzes many policies of the State and universities in strengthening the connection between universities and enterprises in Vietnam. - Conduct in-depth interviews: conduct in-depth interviews with lecturers and researchers of universities in Hanoi. The in-depth interviews were recorded and de-tape, then analyzed the content to learn in-depth about the policy and practice of the association between universities and enterprises in Hanoi.
To comprehensively understand the university’s point of view, the study selects representatives of a public and a private universities: Vietnam National University of Agriculture (a public university) and Phenikaa Universities (a private university). Research scope - Scope of content: synthesize, discuss factors affecting the cooperation between universities and enterprises in R&D from the perspective of universities - Case study: The research conducts interview with lecturers in two representatives of universities: Vietnam National University of Agriculture (public university) and Phenikaa University (private university). - Time period: The research synthesizes the development of the cooperation between universities and enterprises from 1986 (after “Doi moi”) 4 9. Outline of the research Chapter 1.
Literature review Chapter 2. Theoretical framework Chapter 3. International case Chapter 4.