VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS & BUSINESS FACULTY OF FINANCE - BANKING GRADUATION THESIS Factors affecting the performance of the commercial AUTHOR : Pham Thi Yen Linh CLASS : QH-2019E TCNH CLC 2 STUDENT ID : 19050683 SUPERVISOR : DR. Trinh Thi Phan Lan Ha Noi - 2023 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS & BUSINESS FACULTY OF FINANCE - BANKING Factors affecting the performance of the commercial banking system in Vietnam AUTHOR : Pham Thi Yen Linh CLASS : QH-2019E TCNH CLC 2 STUDENT ID : 19050683 SUPERVISOR : DR. Trinh Thi Phan Lan Ha Noi - 2023 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to take this opportunity to express my deep appreciation and gratitude to VNU University of Economics and Business for providing me with the opportunity to pursue my academic goals at your distinguished institution. Being a part of this prestigious university has been an honor and a privilege that I will always cherish throughout my life.
I am grateful to the Faculty of Finance and Banking for providing me with an excellent education in my field of study. The high-quality academic programs, supportive environment, and exceptional faculty members have helped me to develop the necessary skills and knowledge to succeed in my career. I would also like to express my sincere appreciation to Dr. Trinh Thi Phan Lan for her guidance, encouragement, and support throughout my thesis journey.
Her invaluable insights, constructive feedback, and unwavering dedication have been essential to the successful completion of my thesis. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends for their unconditional love, support, and understanding during this challenging period. Their constant encouragement has been a source of strength and motivation for me. Once again, thank you so much for everything.
I look forward to applying the knowledge and skills that I have gained during my studies to make a positive contribution to society. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CAR Capital Adequacy Ratio CIR Cost-to-Income Ratio COVID Coronavirus Disease FD | Foreign Direct Investment Silicon Valley Bank iv LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 : Summary table of factors in the CAMEL MOE] .2 : Overview offoreign literature rESCOVCH secsssssessssseessssessssesssssesssssesssssesssssesssssesssssesssaees 17 Table 2.3 : Overview of domestic literature TeSCATCH .1 : List of commercial banks listed on HOSE and HÌNX.2 : Variable description table.1 : Ranking according to each criterion of the CAMEL model Table 4.2 : Descriptive statistics of the variables in the mOd6ÌL.3 : Correlation matrix fOr regression ttOđÌ6Ì.4 : Variance Inflation Factor test F€SUÏES.5 : POOL model regression results Of ROA vesesssesssssssssssssssesssessssssesssssssnsssssessssnsesssessssasessnssesiarsssnerses 41 Table 4.6 : FEM and REM models regression results Of ROA vssssssessssessssssssesssssssssesssssssisessiessassnneses 42 Table 4.7 : POOL model regression results Of NIM .8 : FEM and REM models regression results Of NIM esssssssssssssssessessssesesssssessssesessssseesssssesssses 45 Table 4.9 : Summary of ROA and NIM model regression r€SUÏĂS.--ccce«eecccerrrerrrrrrrrrree 46 LIST OF GRAPH Graph 4.1 GDP growth (annual %) Vietnam and world iN 2021 crrresessssecssereesseessresssneesssneessnnee 29 Graph 4.2 GDP growth (annual %) Vietnam, United States and Thailand in 1995-2021.3 Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) Vietnam in 2006-2021.4 Daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases per million people in Vietnam, China and United StAtes.5 COVID-19 vaccine does, people with at least one dose, people with a full initial protocol and boosters per 100 people (Mar 30,20022.-------c-es5cesssecererketrrretrrkrrrrrrrrrrree 34 Graph 4.6 NIM and NPL research Danks in 221.---c--s«-5ccesetcckeeekrEkrirrrtriirrrtrrrrrrrrrrrrreree 35 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATTIONS.- G11 SH TH TT TH TH TH HH grự iv LIST OF TABLE. - - - -- - 5 11T TH TT TH TH HT HH v LIST OF GRAPH 000.ccccceccceccceccescceseeeseeeecaeceaeccecaeeeaecsaeceaecaeeeaeceaeeaeesaeceaeseseeseesaeeeaeeeeeseeeaeeeseseseennenaees vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.- -- 5E 11291121 191 9111 11911 nh nhu TH TH nhờ 1 1. Reasons for the StUỦV.
- G1 TH TH ng HH nọ nh và 1 2. Objectives of the Studịy. Object and scope Of the StUdy. Gv nHnnHnH Hn H Hườ 3 A.
-- G1 TH TH HH nọ nọ kh 4 5. The topic `s CONtrIDUTIONS. LH HT nọ. nh 4 5,1 Theoretical ContTÍLIfÏOTIS.
5 011101191119 vn nh nh nà 4 5,2 Practical ConntTDUIfÏOIIS. 3 vn TT TH TH HT HH như 5 6. The structure of the thesis. -- - G1 HH TH HH HH nọ TH cờ 5 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASIS AND LITERATURE REVIEW.
- G111 TH ng HH HT nh 6 2.1 Definition of commercial bank performance .2 Criteria to evaluate the performance of commercial BANKS .1 Return on total assets (ROA) .2 Net Interest Margin (NIM|).- - << kh TH HH tk 7 2.3 CAMELS Rating SVSf€Im. c1 ng HH Họ TH nh 10 2.5 Growth of Gross Domestic Product (tGDIP).-- c6 +1 1119 T HT TH TH re 11 2.- - - - c1 SH no ket 11 2.3 Theoretical background Of r€S@@TFCÌh. + <1 1v vn tk kh 11 2.- Ặ n nn nn n ọ re 13 2.1 Overview Offoreign r€S€@TCÌ.2 Overview Of domestiC F€S@@TFCÌH.3 GAPS in the VESCAPCH. - G1 E011 TT TT kh 22 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS.-- 5 1S TH HH TH ng TH TH TH HH 23 3.1 Qualitative research methods.- - -- s1 TH TH HH Họ TT kh 23 3.1 DACA SOUPCES nen .2 Description Of VATIADIES.
- «<< xEH n nn nH 24 3.2 Research hypothesis and research model proposal. -- -- HH HH HH TH nh 26 3.2 Proposing research MOdel. - ---- «+ x11 1n nọ nh ky 26 3.- -- -- cọ HH TH HH HH HH tk 27 CHAPTER 4.1 Overview of performance of Vietnamese banks. -- - - - -- S11 ng ng vn 29 4.1 Overview of Vietnam's ECONOMIC SÏfU(fÏOTN.1 Gross Domestic Product growth rAf@.
- -- - ch TH HH ngư 29 4. ee eee ng HH HH TT cờ 31 4.2 Overview of the operational status commercial Of bansS.2 Quantitative research r€SulÏ£S. - - ---- - Ă 111122111 kg TH kg 37 4.1 DescriptiVe Sf(ÏSÊÍCS.- - - 5 TH HH vi 37 4.1 Description of Variables .- - --- «+ 11v HT TH nh 37 4.2 The correlation between the independent variables. - Gv TH KH HH TH HH HH HH ky 40 4.1 ROA model regression results .2 NIM model regression F€SUÏẨS.
-- -G c1 1 S1 TH ng HT nh tre 43 4.3 Answer the research queStÏOI.v TH ng 46 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUDING REMARKS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.ĂẶẶSĂcSeseereees 48 REFERENCES 50888. 53 viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Reasons for the study The commercial banking sector constitutes a crucial part of the economy that supports economic growth and development. It offers essential financial services to people, organizations, and businesses, enabling them to operate and expand.
Moreover, the sector provides financial services and products such as borrowing, investing, and risk management to improve company performance. In developing nations like Vietnam, the banking and finance industry is rapidly expanding to meet the expanding financial needs of the populace and enterprises. The management and oversight of the nation's finances by banks further aid in the maintenance of the nation's monetary and financial stability. The National Financial Supervisory Commission (NFSC) reports that by the end of 2016, the commercial banking system in Vietnam played a significant role in providing capital, accounting for about 68% of the total 1.23 million dong for economic development.
Given the special importance of developing industries and services, the banking and financial sector is widely considered one of the most developed economic sectors and is deemed to be an important milestone in the development of Vietnam's economy. The current state of banking operations worldwide, including in Vietnam, highlights the significant potential of banking operations in supporting business and customer expansion and ensuring long-term economic growth, while also presenting various risks and challenges. The imperative need to increase the efficiency of banking operations to realize these goals is well-recognized. Currently, the banking sector is among the world's most critical economic sectors; its continuous transformation and diversification in terms of business models and services is closely intertwined with the sustained growth of the global economy.
However, banks worldwide struggle with various challenges, such as fierce competition, increasing customers’ demands, and risks associated with currency and information security. In the case of Vietnam, the financial business is witnessing firm growth, with a high credit development rate and an expanding market scale. The State Bank of Vietnam reports the operation of 30 business banks, five arrangement banks, and 45 foreign bank branches in the country as of the end of 2021. Besides, estimates suggest that the banking sector's total assets amounted to VND 14,620 trillion, approximately USD 630 1 billion, marking a year-on-year increase.
In 2021, the banking sector contributed approximately 6.8% to Vietnam's GDP. Furthermore, the sector played a crucial role in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) into the country, with estimates suggesting that USD 22.61 billion worth of FDI came in as of 2021. However, it is essential to bear in mind that FDI can be a "two-edged sword." Vietnam's experiences during the 1997 and 2008 financial crises illustrate the severe consequences of a decline in FDI for the nation, emphasizing the need for prudent measures to manage the risks associated with FDI and other external economic factors. The first few months of 2020 saw the international financial market experience the strongest fluctuations since the Great Depression, rekindling memories of the 2008-2009 economic recession.
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in China and its fast spread across the globe has caused widespread market panic. While emergency situations may vary, market activities tend to be repetitive. In the search for safe havens, people continue to rush to sell risky assets. The global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 2.8% lower in 2020 than in 2019, equating to USD 2.
In Vietnam, the impact of the pandemic was felt in three primary areas: trade, growth, and investment. Significant production value chains were disrupted, while services, tourism, and consumption experienced a sharp decline. The global economy was also affected by other factors, such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict, leading to reduced supply ofgrain, fertilizer, energy, rising inflation, and an increasing likelihood of a recession. According to OPEC statistics, Russia was scheduled to become the world's largest exporter of natural gas in 2021, with 241.3 billion m3 and the world's second-largest exporter of crude oil, representing 8.3% of all raw petroleum trades in 2021.
Any turbulence in the stockpile of oil and other energy items from Russia would greatly affect costs, raw petroleum and the world economy. In response to this situation, the Federal Reserve has been repeatedly increasing interest rates in an effort to curb inflation. Specifically, as of March 22, 2023, the Fed's interest rate stood at 5%, the highest since 2006. However, the policies adopted to control inflation, including the most aggressive interest rate hike in four decades, are thought to have contributed to the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB).
Customers of SVB withdrew up to 42 billion USD in a single day on March 10, 2023, prompting the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to announce the bank's closure. At the time of the announcement, Silicon Valley Bank was the 16th largest commercial bank in the United States, boasting assets worth over $200 billion. 2 Vietnam's economy is inevitably impacted by global economic fluctuations, including increasing pressure on interest rates, exchange rates, and inflation. Credit expansion resumes as consumer demand returns, making the financial system and Vietnam's banking sector increasingly crucial to the country's continued expansion in terms of operational scale and financial capacity.
The government's policy of supporting interest rates according to its goals fuels the economic recovery following the pandemic. However, despite these positive aspects, the banking industry will face significant challenges in the second half of 2022. The industry will grapple with a lack of market liquidity due to the interest rate being raised to control inflation and stabilize the exchange rate, as well as dealing with a number of corporate bond violations. As a consequence, the bad debt ratio tends to rise, while the growth momentum of banks slows down.