MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRADING THE STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY GRADUATE THESIS SPEACIALITY: FINANCE – BANKING TOPIC: BANK-SPECIFIC AND MACRO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECT THE LIQUIDITY RISKS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN VIETNAM Author: Vo Thi Hoang Thu Student code: 050606180400 Instructor: Dr. Le Ha Diem Chi HO CHI MINH CITY, JULY 2022 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRADING THE STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY GRADUATE THESIS SPEACIALITY: FINANCE – BANKING TOPIC: BANK-SPECIFIC AND MACRO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECT THE LIQUIDITY RISKS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN VIETNAM Author: Vo Thi Hoang Thu Student code: 050606180400 Instructor: Dr. Le Ha Diem Chi HO CHI MINH CITY, JULY 2022 ABSTRACT SUMMARY The thesis "Bank-specific and macroeconomic factors affect the liquidity risks of commercial banks in Vietnam" conducts a study on the group of micro factors and the group of macro factors affecting the liquidity risk of Vietnamese commercial banks in the period. period 2010 – 2020, including Dependence on external financing source ratio (EFD); Loan to total assets ratio (TLA); Earning quality (NIITA); Loan to total deposit ratio (LDR); Size of the bank (SIZE); Return on equity (ROE); Money supply growth (M2); Economic growth rate (GDP) and Inflation rate (INF).
The research topic applies Pooled-OLS, FEM, and REM models, but the obtained results show that the research model encounters autocorrelation and variable variance, so the author continues to apply the model. FGLS model to overcome the research model. Then, the author applies the GMM model to test the endogenous phenomenon occurring in the research model and receives high accuracy research results, so the author receives the analysis results from the GMM model as the final result. The research results show that the research factors affect bank liquidity risk, in which the variables NIITA, SIZE, and M2 have a negative impact on bank liquidity risk, on the contrary, the variables EFD, TLA, LDR, ROE, GDP, and INF have the same effect on liquidity risk, only variable M2 is not statistically significant.
After receiving the research results from the GMM model, the author discusses the research results affecting the liquidity risk of Vietnamese commercial banks in the period 2010 - 2020 and makes recommendations for the bank. Commercial banks and risk managers can limit the weak liquidity position of Vietnamese banks. i DISCLOSURE I hereby declare that the thesis "Bank-specific and macro-economic factors affect the liquidity risks of commercial banks in Vietnam" is the author's research work, and the research results received are truthful. The information, data, and content cited are collected by the author from many different sources, have high reliability, and are cited in the reference section.
Ho Chi Minh City,……. 2022 Author Vo Thi Hoang Thu ii THANK YOU First of all, with deep sincere gratitude, I would like to thank the teachers who are lecturers at the Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City, and the school's management board for creating favorable conditions for teaching and guiding me a lot of knowledge about the banking industry, teaching both soft skills and ethical training during my study here. I would like to express my deep gratitude to the person who guided me in the process of completing my thesis – Dr. Le Ha Diem Chi, who oriented, guided, supported, and encouraged me throughout the process of completing my research thesis.
Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my family and friends around me for helping me, sharing my experiences, and encouraging me when I faced difficulties in completing my essay. Ho Chi Minh City,…….2022 Author Vo Thi Hoang Thu iii CONTENTS ABSTRACT SUMMARY .ii THANK YOU .iv LIST OF ACRONYMS.vii LIST OF TABLES. viii LIST OF GRAPHICS. INTRODUCTION TO THE RESEARCH TOPIC.
Reasons for choosing the topic. Subject and scope of the study. Subject of the study. Scope of the study.
Contribution of research. Structure of research. THEORETICAL BASIS AND OVERVIEW OF PRIOR STUDIES. Basic concept overview.
The concept of liquidity and liquidity risk. Measure liquidity risk. Factors impacting liquidity risk. Bank – specific factors.
An overview of previous studies. Review of domestic research. Review of foreign research. RESEARCH MODELS AND METHODS.
Measurement of research variables. Research data and research methods. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Descriptive statistical analysis.
Estimating the regression model and testing the regression hypotheses. Compare Pooled model – OLS and Fixed Effects Model (FEM). Compare the FEM model and the REM model. Check for multicollinearity.
Check for autocorrelation. Test for the phenomenon of autocovariance change. Overcoming the research model and GMM regression model method. The results of overcoming the research model.
GMM Regression Model Method. Summarize and discuss research results. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Conclusion of the results obtained from the research.
Recommendations on bank liquidity risk. The bank should have a policy on the development and use of capital in each period. The bank need to control lending activities and control the use of lending sources. The bank needs to increase total existing assets.
The bank need to develop a policy to use reasonable profits. Vietnamese commercial banks need to manage liquidity in the face of changes in lending interest rates and money supply growth. In addition to the liquidity risk control policies, the bank has built a team to monitor, forecast, and promptly handle signs of liquidity risk occurring. Limitations of the research and suggestions for new research directions.
Limitations of the research topic. Proposing new research directions. 56 vi LIST OF ACRONYMS No. Acronym Meaning 1 OLS Pooled OLS regression model 2 FEM Fixed Effects Model 3 REM Random Effect Model 4 FGLS Feasible generalized least squares model 5 GMM Generalized Method of Moments vii LIST OF TABLES Table 3.
Statistics of expected signs of variables in the model. Statistics of variables used in the research model. Correlation coefficients between research variables. Results of Pooled - OLS Model.
Results of Fixed Effects Model. Results of the Hausman test. Results of multicollinearity test. Wooldridge test results.
Modified Wald test. FGLS model troubleshooting results. GMM endogenous test results. Summary of results of model analysis methods.
38 viii LIST OF GRAPHICS Graph 4. Relationship between EFD and FGAP. Relationship between TLA and FGAP. Relationship between NIITA and FGAP.
Relationship between LDR and FGAP. Relationship between SIZE and FGAP. Relationship between ROE and FGAP. Relationship between GDP and FGAP.
Relationship between INF and FGAP. INTRODUCTION TO THE RESEARCH TOPIC 1. Reasons for choosing the topic Today's economy is growing and expanding, opening up many opportunities for integration and socio-economic development in the country, however, facing the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in the rapid growth in the current economy have had a great impact on the socio-economic development of countries, especially negatively affecting the banking sector of countries around the world. One of the most concerning issues is the bank's liquidity at the moment.
Liquidity risk is the most dangerous risk because it can affect other risks such as credit risk, when one bank has a problem liquidity risk can spread to other banks, gradually affecting other banks and affecting the domestic banking system, even affecting the banking system of countries around the world. To manage liquidity risk, the bank must balance the allocation and use of liquidity reserves, if the bank holds too much liquidity, it will waste profitable investment opportunities for the bank, on the contrary, if the bank holds too few reserves, it will affect the bank's liquidity, more seriously, the liquidity risk will increase. Therefore, the proper allocation and use of liquidity are very important in relation to the future growth of the bank. For these reasons, the author chooses the topic "Bank-specific and macroeconomic factors affect the liquidity risks of commercial banks in Vietnam" to study the factors affecting the liquidity risks of banks, thereby giving a recommendation number.
Recommendations to reduce liquidity risk and improve liquidity for Vietnamese commercial banks. Research objectives The overall objective of this study is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the liquidity risk of Vietnamese commercial banks, thereby making recommendations 1 to identify and reduce the risks of Vietnamese commercial banks in particular and Vietnam's banking system in general. Research question To achieve the stated research objectives, the thesis focuses on answering the following research questions: • What factors affect the liquidity risk of Vietnamese commercial banks? • How have the above factors affected the liquidity risk of Vietnamese commercial banks? • What is the direction of the impact of the above factors on the liquidity risk of Vietnamese commercial banks? • Which research model and research method are applied to measure the liquidity risk of Vietnamese commercial banks? • What solutions are there to improve liquidity and identify liquidity risks? 1. Subject and scope of the study 1.
Subject of the study The object of the research in the essay is the factors affecting the liquidity risk of Vietnamese commercial banks. Scope of the study • Scope of spatial research: The study was conducted based on data collected from 28 commercial banks in Vietnam. • Scope of time research: The study was conducted based on data collected in the period from 2010 to 2020. Contribution of research The research results in this thesis can be used as a reference for scholars, administrators, policymakers, etc.
to contribute to improving the efficiency of banking operations, reducing risks, and improving liquidity for Vietnam's commercial banking 2 system, thus contributing to giving a different perspective on the problem to easily identify risks and take appropriate measures. Structure of research Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE RESEARCH TOPIC This chapter presents an overview of the research paper including the following contents: reasons for choosing the topic; research problem; objectives of the study; research question; object and scope of the study; research significance; research paper structure. Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW In this chapter, the study will first present the theoretical basis of liquidity and liquidity risk, then present the factors affecting liquidity risk, and finally summarize the models of liquidity risk in previous research related to this topic. Chapter 3: RESEARCH MODEL AND METHODOLOGY Based on the content presented in chapter 2, chapter 3 will focus on presenting the content related to the research model, research variables, research data, research methods, and processes to achieve results for which the aim of the study is concerned.
Chapter 4: RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Chapter 4 focuses on two topics: descriptive statistics of the research variables and testing of the research model, thereby obtaining research results and analyzing the correlation relationship, direction, and level of influence of the impact of variables on the liquidity risk of Vietnamese commercial banks. Chapter 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS After collecting the research results from chapter 4, chapter 5 will re-evaluate the research results, give comments on the limitations of the study (if any), and finally make recommendations to improve the efficiency of liquidity operations for Vietnamese commercial banks. 3 CONCLUSION CHAPTER 1 In chapter 1, the author introduced the research topic and presented the basic issues surrounding the research topic, including research objectives, research questions, research object and scope, model and research methods, structure of the study and the contributions that the research topic brings. THEORETICAL BASIS AND OVERVIEW OF PRIOR STUDIES 2.
Basic concept overview 2. The concept of liquidity and liquidity risk The topic of research on liquidity risk or liquidity risk situation has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, the concepts of liquidity and liquidity risk are popularized in many different ways of thinking, in various aspects.