Declaration I hereby declare that is the research work by myself under the supervisions of Dr. Nguyen Quang Chien and Assoc. Tran Thanh Tung. The results and conclusions of the thesis are fidelity, which are not copied from any sources and any forms.
The reference documents relevant sources, the thesis has cited and recorded as prescribed. The matter embodied in this thesis has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree or diploma. Hanoi, June 2018 Nguyen Quoc Anh Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere thanks to professors and lectures at Department of Marine and Coastal Engineering of Thuy Loi University and professors and lecturers of the Niche programme for supporting me throughout my study progress. Finally, I would like to express my special appreciation to my friends and colleagues for their support, encourage and advices.
The deepest thanks are expressed to my family member and Hang Iu Chun for their unconditional loves. il TABLE OF CONTENT IBIJ9)03/6000. V LIST OF TABLES .- HH HH TT TH HH HH TT HH nh vi ABSTRACT ooo .2 Research OJ€CIV€.-- Án TH TH TH HH HH HH 3 1. ng HH HH TH re 3 1.5 Research me€thOS.- - --- + 2 1 23919190 001v ng nh ng nh ni như 5 CHAPTER2 COMPUTING METHODD.
Gv ng ng ng nưn 7 2.1 Numerical me€thOỞ. -- s5 1 2311911 9119111530 9119 1 91 HH nu HH như 7 2.1 Overview of One-dimensional modelÏing.-- -- -«- «+ s«£+e£ese+se+se+ss 7 "W9, 00 0n.3 Some limitations in considering changes in bottom topography when using One-dimensional mOIeÌ.- 5 <6 2 E691 E931 1 911 30 1 vn nh ng ng 10 2.4 Overview of multi-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling.5 Solution prOC€dUTC.- 6 SG s11 HH HH HH nh 12 2.6 Modeling seabed change .7 Some limitations in considering changes in bottom topography when using miulti-dimensional Model. eee - -- s6 5 E951 E931 991893 911 1 9v vn ng 16 2.2 Computing sediment fTaTISDOTL.1 Soulsby—Van Rijn equation ((19/7). --- --s++c ss xxx 1v việt 17 2.2 Some problems need to consider when research sediment transport.3 Formulation in Delft3D model L.3 Computing method of X-beach model .1 The Coordinate system and Grid Setup .2 The short wave action balance .3 Wave br€akKIIE.- --- c2 + xkTTHnHn HH HH HHT Th T T HHnHànrkt 26 2.4 The bottom friction clement: .- 5 5 1 910191 19111 1 9v nh ng rh 26 2.5 Shallow water ©QUAfÏOTNS:.
án nh HH TT TH nHnrệt 27 ili 2.6 Bed shear stress €qUALIOTNS.- - Ăn HH ng ru 28 2.- - 111 1v TT TH TH TH Hà HH HH th TH 29 2.8 Bottom updating equations .4 Selecting a Model for Lach Van river mOu(H.- 5 5+ £+vE+seeseesseesse 31 CHAPTER 3) DATA COLLECTION.- Q S- S1 S* ng HH ng ng 33 3.-- - - 2c LH HH HH ke 34 3.2 Coastline 1denfIÍTCAfIOTI. 40 CHAPTER 4 PROPOSED MODELING STUDY AND EXPECTED ISSUES.1 Sediment transport DFOC€SS.5 Wave simulation in big OTT4I111.6 Hydrodynamic and morphological simulation in small domain.7 Result for ESE wave SCenario .8 Result for ENE wave SC€TATIO. 2G SH HH HH ng kh 54 CĐ oi on. 57 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
61 1V LIST OF FIGURES Figurel. 1 Schematization of XBeach Model .-- -- - + s x+++xe+kererkerkersrkerkersrkerkersrkee 6 Figure 2. 1 Element volume on equilibrium beach profile .---- - «2s sess+xereeesrxee 8 Figure 2. 2 Change in shoreline positions after simulations 1 (upper) and 2 (lower) in Comparison With Observed data.
3 Example of a curvilinear grid (Delft3D-FLOW User Manual, 2014). 4 Mapping of physical space to computational space (Delft3D-FLOW User Manual, “0 0h. 5 Difference grid in x,y space (Ahmad, S. -- -cs+ctersrkererrkerkererkrre 14 Figure 2.
6 Flow diagram of “online” morphodynamic model setup (Roelvink, 2006). 7 The staggered grid showing the upwind method of setting bed load sediment transport components at velocity points (G. Lesser et al. 8 Grid staggering, 3D view and top view (Delft3D-FLOW User Manual, 2014).
9 Rectangular/ Curvilinear coordinate system of XBeach (Xbeach manual, 2015) 23 Figure 2. 10 Principle sketch of the relevant wave processes (Xbeach manual, 2015). 1 Depth contours digitized from nautical chart (Chien 20Ý7). 2 Beach profile constructed from various bathymetry data source (measured in Vietnamese technical guideline for sea dike design STRM30, and GEBCO) (Chien N.
3 The position of points extracted wave in model WaveWatch. 4 Wave roses of the periods Feb-2005 — Jan-2011 (left) and Feb-2011 — Jan-2017 (right) (Chien N. 5 Relationship between wave height and peak period; separation between wind seas and swells is indicated. (Color shades shows density of the data points.) (Chien and Tung “01017177.
6 Typical astronomic tidal level of Dien Chau (Chien 2017). 1 Location of the study area, with basic modes of sediment transport (Chien and 2201300777. 2 Layout of the modeling đÏOrna1T.----¿- - + + + £sE£+k+kekexexerererrerereeereee 43 Figure 4. 3 Jonswap wave spectrum for Hm0 = 1.
4 Computed wave field in big domain for the case of ENE waves. 5 Computed wave field in big domain for the case of ESE wave. 6 Bathymetry of the small domain .7: Wave field of the small domain, ESE wave Scenario .8: Flow field near the river mouth, ESE wave SCemario.9: Sediment transport near the river mouth, ESE wave Scenario .10: Seabed elevation change near the river mouth, ESE wave scenario.11: Wave field of the small domain, ENE wave SC€TATIO .12: Flow field near the river mouth, ENE wave SC€TAFIO. - 55+ 5sec«+csrxee 55 Figure 4.13: Sediment transport near the river mouth, ENE wave scenario.14: Seabed elevation change near the river mouth, ENE wave scenario.
57 VI LIST OE TABLES Table 3. 1 Extreme water level for location 19°O1’N, 105°37”E:. 1 Parameters of the big domain model. -- - -- s52 s‡*++£++eex+eeexeeersesss 45 Table 4.
2 Comparison between simulated result and observed dafa. 3 Parameters of the small domain model .-- 5 - 5+ +s++x£+sv£esevseessxe 49 Table 4. 4 The comparison of results .-- 5< 2 12318191 E391 19 11 91 1 ng giết 58 Vil ABSTRACT The deposition at the river mouth is a phenomenon interested in recent times on the world. Because, it obstructs the economic activities, transportation of people living in the vicinity.
Nowadays, scientists have done a lot of research to find out the cause of sedimentation at the river mouth. They have carried out fieldwork and research methods on the model. The advantage of modeling is less costly to invest. Besides, updating situation changes and making status prediction by an image is very quickly and easily in interpreting the information.
With simple studies of the 1D model, researchers have produced results on shoreline dynamics, areas of flooding, etc. However, recent studies using 2D models have made research results more meaningful. This is due to the advantages in studying the topography development, which based on the parameters of wind and sand. There are many models used in the world (Delft, Swan and XBeach).
In the framework of the thesis, a Xbeach model is used to simulate the bottom evolution of Lach Van river mouth in Dien Chau district, Nghe An province. Parameters and results of the model will be tested with actual measurement data at the Hon Ngu station; finally, the resulting of the bottom topography is stated through the sediment transport in here. By using Xbeach model, the author wants to convey the advantages and disadvantages of the model, the ability to apply for specific conditions. CHAPTERI INTRODUCTION Status of Lach Van river mouth: Lach Van river mouth is located at (18.62°E), belonging to Dien Chau District, Nghe An province, Vietnam, This is a small and narrow river mouth (the ‘mean width approximates 500 m), which is a final point of Bung river (a small river) This area is a anchorage of 500 fishing boats, The anchoring system for avoiding storms is built in 2003.
The river mouth has a part of navigation value, although not worthy, because the river is 48 km long. Predi ing the morphological change of Lach Van river mouth when the natural and human factors affect to study area. This position is an intersection of a small river and sea, The river was named Bung and is being deposited at the river mouth, The two side of the er mouth is a bow-shaped beach of 24km in length and blocked by 2 two rock headlands. However, the deposition of Lach Van estuary has been complicated and has had a ‘great impact on the activities of the fishing fleet of Dien Chau district.
According to a report in the Lao Dong newspaper [article posted on 18/4/2016], ach Van river ‘mouth increasingly exhausted, large fishing boats can not go in and small boats only travel at high tide. This has made it difficult for fishermen; many fishing vessels have been stranded, "Normally, the water level must be from 1.8 m, but now the water level is just 1. This topography situation is occurring in 2017 with the serious level of deposition, The cause of evolution in Lach Van river mouth: According to the survey from different sources from 2003 to 2009, the analysis showed that the river mouth area has accretion - erosion situations. With this river ‘mouth, the main reason for sedimentation is due to the waves that eause the longshore currents carrying sediment tothe bottom sea.
Through the collection and processing of data, particularly data wave, stream sediment moves from north to south with a total measurement about 10° m'/year Some factors related to economic activities such as the construction of irrigation reservoirs, upstream hydroelectricity, river works, aquaculture, river mouth tourism, material exploitation, ete, It also contributes to complex developments. Nowadays, the phenomenon of river mouth accretion is complicated, many fishing boats are stuck, This has great impacted the activities of Dien Chau dis ict fishermen. ‘Thus, a request to adjust the river mouth is very urgent 1.1 Research seope Lach Van river mouth area (modelling area of 42 km x 121 km) 1.2 Research Objective The study aims to simulate the geomorphologic change and predict bathymetry evolution of Lach Van river mouth using the XBeach 2D model.3 Research content Analysis on the coastline evolution of Lach Van coast. = The rationale and usabil ty of XBeach model, for sediment transportation evolution and bed layout erosion Proposal of some scenarios about boundary conditions to computed.
~ Applying XBeach model to predict morphology changes.4 Literature review ‘The river mouth is where the sea and river meet. There exists a complex dynamic regime influenced by many factors such as: waves, tidal, river flow and the human impact. Thus, the sediment transport is difficult to estimate. ‘This leads to the fact that morphological changes cannot be accurately simulated PT.
Huong and VT. Ca [1] showed calculation results identifying some hydrodynamic characteristics affecting the morphology of Da Rang river mouth, Phu Yen province. The hydrodynamic factors are dominated by: ~ Flow regime from upstream river; - The quantity and geological nature of sediment from the river to the sea through the river mouth, tidal cycle and amplitude, volume of tidal prism, coastal currents due to simultaneous effects of waves and winds. In recent scientific studies, the researchers have made new strides in the simulation of natural phenomena by mathematical model combined with geographic features.
In the case of the estuary, A. Dastgheib et al. [4] have simulated many years of morphology for river mouth, tidal bay. They used two-dimensional (2D) model (Delft3D + SWAN) to simulate the transformation of a sand spit toward the river mouth.
In addition, for the effects of the wind, Nardin and Fagherazzi [5] investigated the interaction of external force on the movement of sand bar at the river mouth. Related to specific types of geomorphology, J. Nienhuis et al., [6] developed a computational model for straight coastlines, attached with a forecast of changes in the river mouth. Hurst et al.