VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Nguyễn Duy Tân SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF “PLAY” IN ENGLISH AND “CHƠI” IN VIETNAMESE MA THESIS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE HO CHI MINH CITY, 2020 luan an VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Nguyễn Duy Tân SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF “PLAY” IN ENGLISH AND “CHƠI” IN VIETNAMESE Field: English Language Code: 8.01 Supervisor: Đặng Nguyên Giang, Ph. HO CHI MINH CITY, 2020 luan an DECLARATION BY AUTHOR Except where reference has been made in the text, this thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person. I, Nguyễn Duy Tân, hereby state that this thesis is the result of my own research and the substance of the thesis has not, wholly or in part, been submitted for any degrees to any other universities or institutions. Author’s Signature Nguyễn Duy Tân Approved by SUPERVISOR Đặng Nguyên Giang, Ph.
Date:…………………… i luan an ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of this thesis is credited to many people’s contributions and support. I would like to take this opportunity to thank them all most sincerely, knowing that my thanks are never adequate. First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and deep appreciation to Đặng Nguyên Giang, Ph., my supervisor, for his helpful and warm encouragement as well as his insightful comments on my work from the beginning to the end of the study. In addition, I would like to thank all of the lecturers who gave me interesting lessons, dedication and advice during my study at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences.
I also offer my special thanks to my beloved pupils and friends whose support and encouragement help me to have this thesis accomplished. Last but not least, I must express my gratitude to my family. It is their endless love and expectations that have motivated me to complete this thesis. I am immensely thankful for all the assistance they have given me.
ii luan an TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DECLARATION BY AUTHOR…………………………………………. vi LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………. vii Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION…………………………………………. Aims and objectives of the study…………………………………….
Scope of the study……………………………………………………. Significance of the study……………………………………………. Underlying theoretical frameworks………………………………. Structure of the study………………………………………………… 9 Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………….
Words and word classes……………………………………………. Polysemy of words…………………………………………………. Review of the previous research works……………………………… 17 2. 17 Chapter 3: SYNTACTIC FEATURES OF “PLAY” IN ENGLISH AND “CHƠI” IN VIETNAMESE……………………………………… 19 3.
Syntactic features of “play” in English………………………………. “Play” as a verb……………………………………………………. 19 iii luan an 3. “Play” as a noun…………………………………………………….
Syntactic features of “chơi” in Vietnamese…………………………. “Chơi” as a verb……………………………………………………. “Chơi” as an adverb………………………………………………. A comparison between “play” in English and “chơi” in Vietnamese in terms of syntactic features…………………………………………….
Syntactic features found in both languages………………………. Syntactic features unique to English………………………………. Syntactic features unique to Vietnamese…………………………. 34 Chapter 4: SEMANTIC FEATURES OF “PLAY” IN ENGLISH AND “CHƠI” IN VIETNAMESE……………………………………… 36 4.
Semantic features of “play” in English………………………………. “Play” as a verb……………………………………………………. “Play” as a noun……………………………………………………. Semantic features of “chơi” in Vietnamese………………………….
“Chơi” as a verb……………………………………………………. “Chơi” as an adverb………………………………………………. A comparison between “play” in English and “chơi” in Vietnamese in terms of semantic features ……………………………………………. Semantic features found in both languages……………………….
Semantic features unique to English………………………………. Semantic features unique to Vietnamese…………………………. 58 iv luan an 5. For English teaching and learning………………………………… 58 5.
For translation from English to Vietnamese and vice versa. Limitations and suggestions for further studies……………………… 59 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………. 61 v luan an ABSTRACT An investigation of play in English and chơi in Vietnamese in terms of syntactic and semantic features is carried out in the present study. Description and contrastive analysis are regarded as the main methods used in the present thesis.
The findings of the study are concerned with the similarities and differences between play in English and chơi in Vietnamese in terms of syntactic and semantic features. In order to collect the data, a hand search approach of the dictionaries in both languages has been conducted, which helps to establish the number of meanings of each word. In the present study, the theoretical fameworks (theory of contrastive analysis; theory of syntax and semantics) are applied to both English and Vietnamese. Additionally, an overview of some theoretical background dealing with the general concepts of syntax, semantics, words, polysemy of words and word classification is presented for the background of analyzing the syntactic and semantic features of the two words, play in English and chơi in Vietnamese.
Our investigation reveals that play in English and chơi in Vietnamese may function as verbs. The biggest difference between play in English and chơi in Vietnamese in terms of syntactic features lies in the verbal forms and the co- ordinate possibility of each in the clauses. In terms of semantic features, the findings of the study reveals that there are 11 meanings in common conveyed by the two verbs, play in English and chơi in Vietnamese. When working as a verb, play in English has more meanings than chơi in Vietnamese.
There are 21 meanings conveyed by play, unique to English whereas chơi has 7 meanings which are unique to Vietnamese. Play in English may be a noun which has five main meanings, and chơi in Vietnamese can function as an adverb and has only one meanings. The thesis also presents the implications for English teaching and learning as well as translation. vi luan an LIST OF TABLES Page Table 3.
Forms and functions of the verb “play” in English (adapted from Quirk & Greenbaum (1987))…………………………………….… 20 vii luan an Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale It is a fact that language is an essential form of communication. It allows people to convey and elaborate their perspective. It means that language is the bridge to connect people all over the world.
Therefore, language is a subtle and complex instrument used to communicate an incredible number of different things. Bloomfield (1933) states that “we could not understand the form of a language if we merely reduced all the complex forms to their ultimate constituents”. By this, he means that in order to account for the meaning of a sentence, it is necessary to recognize how individual constituents (such words and morphemes) constitute more complex forms.11) emphasizes the importance of vocabulary, and he writes: “without grammar, very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed”. Furthermore, Pyles and Algeo (1970) suppose that “when we first think about language, we think about words.
It is words that we arrange together to make sentences, conversation and discourse of all kinds”. In fact, vocabulary is the decisive element that links the four skills of speaking, reading, listening and writing all together. In order to communicate well in a foreign language, we should acquire a great number of words and know how to use them accurately. Nevertheless, vocabulary of both English and Vietnamese has its own features that could raise difficulties for language teachers and learners and makes both teaching and learning English still far from being satisfaction.
In the process of teaching English, it is recognized that even a simple word like play also makes students confused much due to its syntactic and semantic features and its Vietnamese equivalent. In English, the word play can combined with other words to form phrases, clauses and sentences in a language. Therefore, it is necessary that the teachers of English acquire adequate knowledge of the word order and the relationships between words. In term of semantic features, it has both denotaion and connotaion meanings that learners 1 luan an of English have to base on the context.
In Vietnamese, the word chơi is not only a verb which indicates a physical activity only but also other kinds of word implying different meanings in real life communication. As a teacher of English, I find that learners may know a lot of English lexical items by learning vocabulary word-lists by heart but they do not know how to use them in appropriate contexts. The difficulties that Vietnamese learners may meet are not only in semantic features but also in syntactic forms as well. For the reasons above, the thesis entitled “Syntactic and Semantic Features of "Play" in English and "Chơi" in Vietnamese” is chosen for my study.
The study is carried out in the hope to have a good knowledge of the two words, to deal with specific teaching and learning predicaments, and to help the author successfully accomplish the challenging tasks. Moreover, the author also hopes that this attempt will help Vietnamese learners of English have a better understanding of the word play in English and then use it in daily learning and communication effectively. Aims and objectives of the study The aim of the study is clarifying the features of play in English and chơi in Vietnamese to help the learners to learn and use these words corectly and effectively. In order to achieve the aim, the study is expected to reach the following objectives: - To investigate the syntactic features of play in English and chơi in Vietnamese; - To investigate the semantic features of the play in English and chơi in Vietnamese; - To uncover the similarities and differences between play in English and chơi in Vietnamese in terms of syntactic and semantic features.
Research questions The objectives of the study can be elaborated into the research questions as 2 luan an follows: What are the syntactic features of play in English and chơi in Vietnamese? What are the semantic features of play in English and chơi in Vietnamese? What are the similarites and differences between play in English and chơi in Vietnamese in terms of syntactic and semantic features? 1. Scope of the study The present study investigates the syntactic and semantic features of play in English and chơi in Vietnamese. The description and the analysis of the features of the two words are from recently published dictionaries. All the authors of these works affirm that all the forms and meanings of these words are current and used, or undersood by most native speakers.
Significance of the study Theoretically, the findings of the study, to some extent, prove that the theoretical frameworks (the theory of contrastive analysis and the theory of syntax and sematics) are effective in studying languages in general and words in particular. The two words are quite popular; therefore, the investigation is highly reliable in terms of theoretical frameworks suggested. Practically, for language teaching (both English and Vietnamese), the study facilitates learners’ communication because language is for communication, and words are an indispensable part of expressions. The work will provide assistance to English-speaking learners of Vietnamese and Vietnamese learners of English to distinguish the uses of play in English and chơi in Vietnamese.
The work will also enable learners to tell when the two words are similar and different, which is likely to be useful for their study. Language teachers will be aided to help their learners reach this communicative goal. For translation, knowledge of words from this work will help translators find closest equivalents to the expressions in the source language. Data Collection It is a matter of fact that we can make comparison of languages in various ways.
We may start from categories of traditional grammar, phrases, a whole vocabulary or a collection of texts (Dirven & Verspoor, 2004, p. 250) with any appropriate database and procedures. The usage-based or empirically based (Bybee, 2009) foundation of cognitive grammar suggests that real linguistic examples taken from genuine usage-data should form the basis for linguistic analysis and theory construction (Langlotz, 2006; Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech, & Svartvik, 1985). Accordingly, the recent development of linguistics has witnessed the rise of corpus-linguistics, which bases linguistic analyses on large computer-aided corpora of both spoken and written language (Kemmer & Barlow, 2000).
Cross- linguistic corpus studies require comparable corpora. While there is a wide range of corpora, such as the Bank of English (owned by Collins COBUILD) or the British National Corpus for English (BNC), for the analysis of English, no such corpora are readily available for Vietnamese.