Rủi ro thị trường và rủi ro tín dụng của các nước trong Hiệp định Đối tác xuyên Thái Bình Dương

Phân tích rủi ro thị trường và rủi ro tín dụng của các quốc gia trong Hiệp định Đối tác xuyên Thái Bình Dương. Nghiên cứu sâu sắc và chi tiết.

Trường đại học

University of Economics

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Thesis

2017

66
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

DECLARATION

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

ABBREVIATIONS

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Problem statement

1.2. The research objectives

1.3. Research questions

1.4. A choice of the countries in the Asia Pacific Region in this study

2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Theoretical review

2.2. Empirical evidences on market risk and credit risk

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM – THE NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M. IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS MARKET RISK VERSUS CREDIT RISK OF SELECTED COUNTRIES IN THE TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT BY QUANG VAN TUAN MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY December 2017 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM – THE NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M. IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS MARKET RISK VERSUS CREDIT RISK OF SELECTED COUNTRIES IN THE TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS BY QUANG VAN TUAN Academic Supervisor Dr. VO HONG DUC HO CHI MINH CITY December 201 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT At the time this study is finalized, the future of the so-called Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) is still uncertain after the US Present Donald Trump walked away from his predecessor Barack Obama’s commitment. A different version of TPP, or to be called the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), may be formed without the US presence. Among these member countries, Vietnam and Malaysia (in the ASEAN), together with Australia and New Zealand, in the Pacific Ocean, are generally considered closely competitive nations for various industries, in particular for Agriculture; Food and Beverage and Tourism. This study is conducted to measure and rank the market risk level of 10 industries/sectors for selected courtiers in the Asia Pacific region: Vietnam, Malaysia, Australia and New Zealand. Two periods are considered in market risk, including: (i) the GFC period (2007-2009); and (ii) the post-GFC period (2010-2016). The market risk level is measured using the parametric approach and the historical approach for both Value at Risk (VaR), the potential losses in the future over the given time period (day or month) at a given confidential level, and Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR), which is designed to estimate the risk of extreme loss. Findings from this study confirm that Vietnamese sectors are relatively riskier than their counterparts in Malaysia, Australia and New Zealand. In addition, market risk level across sectors in all countries has substantially reduced in the post-GFC period. Financials including Banks, Diversified Financials, and Insurance have been largely ignored from the Vietnamese Government’s focus. Interestingly, IT industry is considered very low risk in Vietnam whereas this sector belongs to a group of high market risk in Malaysia, Australia, and New Zealand. This study is then extended to measure and rank the credit risk level for all industries for Vietnam as the case study. Credit risk is generally defined as the risk that is determined on a credit requirement from the default. Findings from this empirical study indicate that Industrials, Energy and Consumer Discretionary sectors have had the worst ranking performance in relation to their credit risk. Utilities, Financials and IT have achieved a substantial improvement in the post-post GFC periods. In addition, this study also i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com demonstrated an important link between market risk and credit risk, which can provide an important insight to develop for further issues integrating these aspects. With the ambition to be a financial hub in the Asia Pacific region in the regional integration and a modern industrial economy, a shift of the attention to this particular and important sector in Vietnam is the near future is strongly recommended. Key words: Market risk; Credit risk; Sectors; VaR; CVaR; DD; Vietnam; Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com DECLARATION I hereby declare that the thesis entitled “Market risk versus credit risk of selected countries in the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement” written and submitted by me in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art in Development Economics to the Vietnam – Netherlands Programme. This is also my original work and conclusions drawn are based on the material collected by me. I further declare that this work has not been submitted to any other university for the award of any other degree, diploma or equivalent course. HCMC, December 2017 Quang Van Tuan ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Vo Hong Duc, for his knowledge, motivation, support and for providing me enormous, valuable opportunities. His guidance helped me at all the time of research and writing of this thesis, without him, this thesis would have never been completed. In addition, I would like to thank Prof. Nguyen Trong Hoai, Dr. Pham Khanh Nam, Dr. Truong Dang Thuy who have provided me the valuable knowledge in the first step of research. Furthermore, I would also like to thank all lecturers, staff and Mr. Pham Ngoc Thach at the Vietnam Netherlands Programme. Finally, I wish to express my greatest gratitude to my parents, my aunt and my younger sister for their unconditional encouragement, support and love on the way I have chosen. Quang Van Tuan Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES . The research objectives . A choice of the countries in the Asia Pacific Region in this study . Categories of risk . Value at Risk . The Historical method . The Monte Carlo simulation . The Variance-Covariance method . Comparison of VaR Methodologies . Limitations of VaR . Conditional Value at Risk . Distance to Default . KMV-Morton Model . 25 iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Steps in the KMV-Merton model . Empirical evidences on the market risk . Empirical evidences on credit risk . 31 METHEDOLOGY AND DATA . 31 Value at Risk . 31 Conditional Value at Risk . 32 Distance to Default . 34 Spearman Rank Correlation Test . Market Risk by VaR and CVaR Results . In the GFC period (2007 - 2009) . In the post-GFC (2010 – 2016) . Ranking Shifts in Vietnam . Credit Risk by Distance to Default Results for Vietnam . Market risk versus Credit risk outcomes . 48 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS . The implications for practitioners and investors . The implications for Vietnamese government . The limitations and further research. 52 v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Comparison of VaR methods . 20 Table 2 Matrix Variance-Covariance Calculation for a Two-Asset Portfoli . 33 Table 3 Spearman Rank Correlation Test . 35 Table 4 Sector Breakdown . 37 Table 5 Daily commodity market price movements in Vietnam and Malaysia (2007– 2016) . 39 Table 6 Daily commodity market price movements in Australia and New Zealand (2007–2016) . 40 Table 7 The level of market risk proxied by VaR using Parametric and Historical approaches for Vietnam, Malaysia, Australia and New Zealand in the GFC period (2007-2009) . 42 Table 8 The level of market risk proxied by CVaR using Parametric and Historical approaches for Vietnam, Malaysia, Australia and New Zealand in the GFC period (2007-2009) . 43 Table 9 The level of market risk proxied by VaR using Parametric and Historical approaches for Vietnam, Malaysia, Australia and New Zealand in the GFC period (2010-2016) . 38 Table 10 The level of market risk proxied by CVaR using Parametric and Historical approaches for Vietnam, Malaysia, Australia and New Zealand in the GFC period (2010-20016) . 39 Table 11 VaR Ranking Shifts in Vietnam . 41 Table 12 CVaR Ranking Shifts in Vietnam . 43 Table 13 DD Ranking Shifts in Vietnam . 44 Table 14 Market Risk proxied by Parametric and Credit Risk proxied by DD Comparison in post-GFC (2010 – 2016) . 46 Table 15 Market Risk proxied by Historical and Credit Risk proxied by DD Comparison in post-GFC (2010 – 2016) . 47 vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Distribution of daily returns of NASDAQ 100 – Ticker: QQQ . 17 Figure 2 Monte Carlo simulation 100 random trials . 18 Figure 3 Distribution of daily returns of NASDAQ 100 – Ticker: QQQ . 19 Figure 4 VaR, CVaR, Deviations. 22 Figure 5 VaR Values Changes in Vietnam . 41 Figure 6 CVaR Values Changes in Vietnam . 43 vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABBREVIATIONS Basel II Basel II Accord 2004: BIS revised capital adequacy framework CVaR Conditional Value at Risk: Value at risk on condition. DD Distance to Default: approach developed by KMV – Merton GICS Global Industry Classification Standard VaR Value at Risk vii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Problem statement In recent years, the global financial market has undergone a huge change. At the early stage of the 2000s, the European Union indicated an important inclination of the European financial markets. Moreover, the international crisis of 2007 - 2008, which was originated from the US, caused the negative effect on the global system. In addition, Duffie & Pan (1997) presented the idea to minimalize the loss by recognizing and calculating the risk, and certify the financial market and economy system securely. Vietnam has emerged as a new economic engine for the Southeast Asian region with many important industries. The three pillars contributing the most value to the Vietnamese economy over the last decade or so are agriculture, manufacturing, and food & beverage. Among these key pillars, for example, agriculture is a key industry, which has consistently contributed 20 percent to the national GDP in 2015.1 In addition, Vietnam becomes an official member of The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) with 11 other countries including Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, New Zealand, Singapore, and the United States. According to statistics,2 total gross domestic product (GDP) of the current TPP parties is approximately $28 trillion, comprises 40 percent of global GDP and one third of world trade. TPP members account for 11.3 percent of world population and 25.9 per cent world trade. Even though the full TPP Agreement is dead under the water after the US Present Donald Trump walked away from his predecessor Barack Obama’s commitment. A different version of TPP, or to be called the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), may be formed without the US presence. This new CPTPP agreement will bring both opportunities and challenges for Vietnam in the future. In order to maximize the potential benefits from this new partnership, it is time to recognize the important role of sectorial risk, in particular, for key sectors (industries) relatively to 1 https://www.aspx?tabid=621&ItemID=15507 2 http://www.com/interactive/2016/business/tpp-explained-what-is-trans-pacific-partnership.html 8 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com similar sectors from other members. In addition, the so-called Asia-Pacific region has emerged as the economic and political powerhouse for the last decade or so. It is time for Vietnam to go beyond the borders of the ASEAN. The common market has been getting larger and larger and competition has been becoming more challenging. Malaysia and Thailand are no longer the only competitors for certain sectors in Vietnam. It is time for Vietnam, as well as other identical ASEAN nations including Thailand and Malaysia, to recognize and prepare a response for competition from other countries, who are not the members of the ASEAN, from the Asia-Pacific region, in particular for Australia and New Zealand. Risks may subsist in every movement of life and risk estimation is the essential activity. Moreover, this movement may support the lenders forecasting and avoiding bad debts. In business activities, risk may arise from various sources: the volatility of the business environment; business cycle, changes in government policies and especially in the financial markets. In the event, a number of companies passively accept the risk. However, others attempt to manage risk by utilizing the proactive methods. Either of circumstances, risk should be carefully monitored because of its potentially harmful effects Jorion (2007).

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