ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ NGUYỄN HỘI TIÊN Risk management in commercial banks of Vietnam LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: TS. Tạ Ngọc Cầu Hà Nội – 2007 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ NGUYỄN HỘI TIÊN Risk management in commercial banks of Vietnam Chuyên ngành: Quản trị kinh doanh Mã số: 60 34 05 LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: TS. Tạ Ngọc Cầu Hà Nội – 2007 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract. iii Table of contents…………………………………………………………………….
NECESSITY OF THE THESIS. OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH. KEY RESEARCH AREA. CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE THESIS.
2 Chapter 1: Literature review. Commercial Bank and the main risks in the bank operations. Commercial Bank and the main risks. Main professional competences.
4 iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Main risks in operations. Risk measurable indexes. Risk management in operations of Commercial Banks.
Concept and role of risk management. Tools of risk management. Group tools limited credit risk. Group tools sponsored risk.
Group tools prevented other risks. Factors impact risk management. Experiences in risk management of Foreign Banks. Model assessed credit risk.
Model determined interest rate risk. 22 Chapter 2: Methodology, research paradigms, analysis. Status quo risk management in Commercial banks of Vietnam. Background of Commercial banks in Vietnam at present.
Status quo risk management of commercial banks. Status quo of credit risk. 24 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Status quo of foreign exchange risk.
Risk management policy of commercial banks (period 2005-2010). 29 Chapter 3: Recommendation and conclusion. Improving risk management in Commercial banks of Vietnam. Group of risk management solutions.
Customers selection by grade system and credit rank. Criteria assessed by kind of customers. Some of methods support to fulfill credit grade process. Improving the evaluation quality of debts.
Solution for improving guarantee assets management in credit operations. Improving assessed technique and propose methods for guarantee assets management. Solutions for support to fulfill. Solutions for deduction particular standby.
Group of foreign exchange risk management solutions. Opening the mobilizing foreign currency resources and intensify to seek customers had import/export payment demands. Combination buy/sell foreign currency spot and forward. 57 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.
Group of interest rate risk management solutions. Prevention interest rate risk by Swap. Determine the suitable exchange ratio between fixed and floated interest rate. Group of improving organization system management.
Signification in arranging organization framework suitable for risk management functions. Organizing system professional competences management. Strengthen internal control. Some of petitions for State-owned Commercial banks to support for Commercial banks in risk management.
Some of petitions for State-owned Bank in credit management. Some of petitions for State-owned Bank to support in strengthen foreign exchange risk management of Commercial Banks. Petition for Government and relative industries. 72 REFERENCES APPENDIXES LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.
NECESSITY OF THE THESIS Risk management was interested in by the managers, especially, bank industry. Risks always threaten existence of the commercial banks and that thing effected to the economic. Risk is a significant barrier in trading of banks. Therefore, researching the preventative solutions to ensure the security and limit risks in business is very necessary.
Risk management in commercial bank operations is a new field. Besides, risk management standard of Vietnam banks is the beginning period in comparison with the countries had the development financial market in hundreds years. As well as, banks are poor in financial products and services, small scale and business capital sources. Operation scope is also major in domestic market; weakness in financial management ability and unclear, closed the financial system.
Through the working in bank, I have chance to face with the practices and compare to theory and practice, I decide to choose the topic: “Risk management in trading in commercial banks of Vietnam”. OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH - Research the issues about risks which banks have to face with including discovery, measure and the overcome methods. - Research the risk expression in professional competences of commercial bank such as: credit operations, capital management, and international bank services in bank - Research the risk impact level because of the payment over time situation of customers, the change of interest rate, foreign exchange to the direct income in bank. Simultaneously, finding the limited reasons in risk management tools application of bank in particular and commercial bank on general.
1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Reply on the realistic experiences of banks in the world, propose solution groups to improve the risk management process, included the deploy some of new preventive professional competences in practice conditions of bank. KEY RESEARCH AREA Research risk management in business of commercial bank is the great topic. Thesis only concentrates on major risks and the relation among risks in capital trading of commercial bank to give out the preventive solutions. METHODOLOGY Thesis is used methodology of dialectic materialism, logic reason combination materialistic history, methods in raising the issues, interpretation, analysis and giving the conclusion.
Thesis is also used statistic, formula illustration, interpreting the issues means. CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE THESIS - Systematize the views about risks, the relationship among risks affect to the operations in commercial banks. - Analysis to seek the reasons, appreciate the status quo to conduct the preventing risk methods and apply for the commercial banks. THESIS STRUCTURE Topic: “Risk management in commercial banks of Vietnam ” INTRODUCTION 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Chapter 1: LITERATURE REVIEW Chapter 2: METHODOLOGY, RESEARCH PARADIGMS, ANALYSIS Chapter 3: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION CONCLUSION References 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Commercial bank and the main risks in bank operations 1.1 Commercial Bank and the main risks 1.1 Concept America: Commercial Bank is a business company specialized in providing financial services and operating in financial service industry.
France: Commercial Bank is an enterprise frequently receives from the people deposit form or the other forms which their money was not used to theirselves in discount professional competences, credit or financial services. India: Commercial Bank is a place to receive the deposit to loan or sponsor and invest. Vietnam: Commercial Bank is an organization trading in currency major in and frequently to receive deposit from the customers with the responsibility to refund and use that money to loan, carry out discount operation and make payment means. Functions - Assets rotation function: Banks conduct at the same time two operations.
The first one, Banks mobilize capital by issuing deposit certificate. The second one, Banks invest by providing credit and stock investment. 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.1 Balance sheet assets of Bank (simple) Bank Credit assets Debit assets Primary stocks Secondary stocks - Bonds - Deposit certificates - Stocks - Saving deposit - Credits - Payment deposit - Intermediary payment function: On behalf of customers to carry out payment for buying goods or services by issuing and balance cheque, providing e-payment networks, connecting funds and distribution paper-money, coin-money; guarantee and commitment in refund for customers, managing and protecting their assets; issuing or redeeming stocks,… - Function makes “book value” in economy. - Intermediary function in conduct the country economic policy 1.
Main professional competences - Debit operations (mobilizing capital): Commercial Bank conducted its operations throughout not only using its capital but also mobilizing capital from the customers. 5 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com - Credit operations (business loan) currently, this is still the basic operation of Commercial Bank. - Intermediary/broker operations (payment, dealer, consultative, protection documentary, valuable assets,…) Trading principles of Commercial Bank Firstly, banks ensure the benefit for customers with the providing financial services. Secondly, banks have to conduct the safe methods in trading: maintaining the fixed capital, ability in resisting the market change, selecting customers, limited credit, controlling in perform, diversifying assets to disperse risks.
Besides, banks utilize forward deposit market, optional market,… 1.2 Main risks in operations Concept of risks Banking operation is one of the economics ones had a lot of risks the most. It is very difficult to define risk accurately for the trading environment as well as all development economic and society periods. However, the banking risks conception like that: “Risk in bank is unexpected events make causes losses and damages to assets, income of bank in operations.” - Credit risk: risks associated with bank operations due to irrecoverable debt up to due date. Credit risk did not only limit in business loan but also include creditable operations such as: guarantee, trade sponsor, inter-bank loan operations.
- Unusable capital risk: rising from transforming utilization of forward capital and bank capital. Generally, the utilization of forward capital has 6 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com the long time compared with bank capital sources. Thus, bank has two difficulties: dissatisfy its short-time commitment, the shorter forward capital sources still be used capital in fixed-time. - Interest rate risk: bank risk in transforming assets including buying primary stocks, loaning (using capital), issuing secondary stocks (mobilizing capital).
Forward time and conversion in Debit assets items do not correspond with Credit assets items. This thing makes bank taken interest rate risk. It means that if the sensitive interest rate of bank Debit assets is more than the sensitive interest rate of bank Credit assets, net income of interests will be decrease when interest rate increase. Therefore, bank income will go down.
But when interest rate decrease, the situation is vice versa. The interest rates of bank products usually divide two kinds: fixed and changed interest rate in bank operations. Thus, following, analyzing and managing interest rate risk also carry out two kinds: fixed interest rate risk and changed interest rate risk. + Changed interest rate risk will be happened when interest rate of items in Credit assets and in Debit assets do not changed at the same time as well as changeable level of market interest rate.
+ Fixed interest rate risk: impact on Debit assets and Credit assets at once. There are two cases: the first one, if fixed interest rate of the amount of items Debit assets is higher than fixed interest rate of the amount of items Credit assets, banks get a lot profits when market interest rate go up and incur risks when market interest rate go down. The second one, the situation will be vice versa if fixed interest rate of amount of items Credit assets is higher than fixed interest rate of the amount of items Debit assets. 7 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com - Foreign exchange risk: this risk is happened when bank provided credit for customers or kept stocks by foreign currencies.
The change of rate decreased the income value when foreign currency converted domestic currency involving original debts and interests by foreign currencies. - International credit risk and foreign trade credit risk: besides the general credit risks, banks also had other risks such as: currency, country and legal risk. - Insolvency risk: this is the risk of bank. The one or many of over risks make consequence of this risk and banks go bankrupt.
Relationship among the risks After researching risks, we are considerable that there is really the relationship closely among them. This risk is a cause or consequence of another one. Indeed, credit risk-customers insolvency- makes banks can not pay for the deposit of customers. This expresses risk in capital.
If there are a lot credit risks, banks will reduce loan limit as well as the approving of loan also will be restricted.