VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS FACULTY OF FINANCE AND BANKING GRADUATION THESIS LECTURE : Dr. NGUYEN HAI NAM STUDENT : NGUYEN QUANG HUY CLASS : QH 2019 E TCNH CLC 2 DEPARTMENT : FINANCE AND BANKING Ha Noi, 2023 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS FACULTY OF FINANCE AND BANKING PEER TO PEER LENDING: SUITABILITY IN VIETNAM BASED ON INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE LECTURE : Dr. NGUYEN HAI NAM STUDENT : NGUYEN QUANG HUY CLASS : QH 2019 E TCNH CLC 2 DEPARTMENT : FINANCE AND BANKING Ha Noi, 2023 DECLARATION OF ACCEPTANCE I hereby declare that this thesis is the result of my own study and research. The opinions expressed in this are those of the author.
The data and research results in this thesis are truthful, with clear origins and do not overlap with any other research papers. I am also sure that all help in the preparation of this thesis has been thanked and that the sources cited in this thesis have been acknowledged. Author Nguyen Quang Huy ACKNOWLEDGE I would like to express my sincere thanks to the lecturers of the Faculty of Finance and Banking for their enthusiastic teaching and guidance over the past time. Sincere thanks to the Board of Directors of the University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University.
I would like to express my heartfelt and most sincere gratitude to Mr. Nguyen Hai Nam for guiding and supporting me throughout the process of making this thesis. His suggestions are crucial directions to assist me in completing this thesis. Although many efforts have been made to do the research in the most comprehensive way, the limitations of knowledge and experience unavoidably lead to certain shortcomings.
To finish my thesis, I hope to gain more valuable and constructive comments from lecturers. Author Nguyen Quang Huy Table of contents ABSTRACT. 5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 1. 6 LIST OF TABLES 110118.
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10 CHAPTER 1: THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF PEER-TO-PEER LENDING .1 Definition of peer to peer lemding .-- -- --- Ác S122 gi ng rhg II 1.2 The history and growth of peer-to-peer lending.3 Characteristics of peer to peer lending .4 Types of peer to peer lending.- --- --- s5 + kg HT TH ngàn nrệt 14 1. Advantages and disadvantages of peer to peer lending.1 Advantages of peer to peer lending .2 Disadvantages of peer to peer lending.-- --- -- + ss + x* vs ve rrey 15 1.6 The process of peer to peer lending. ng HH r rhg 16 1. Factors affecting peer to peer lending.-- -- --- 5c St SH grg 19 1.
The Objective factOr ad. The subjective factors. 20 Conclusion Of Chapter Tố.-- G19 1S ng ng iet 23 2.- Án TH HH TH TH HH Hi in ve 23 2.1 Research gaps oo.1 Data collection and processÏng.- --- - c5 2c 3 vn S1 111111 11x rrvre 25 Conclusion Of 89:1-1)0112 10210010088. 26 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH RESULLTT.1 Peer to peer lending im EurODe.-- - - --- SG 311211211 9111 119 11 111118 1 vn rệt 27 3.2 Peer to peer lending im Äme€rÏCaS.3 Peer to peer lending im RuSSÌa.
TH ng HH ng 34 3.4 Peer to peer lending im Chima .1 The failure of peer to peer lending platforms in Chỉna.5 The development of peer to peer lending in Viet Ñam.6 Peer to peer lending model in Viet NÑam. St S SE re 40 3.7 Suitability of peer to peer lending in Viet Nam.8 Lesson for Viet Nam. cc cccccccscceseesscesseeseescensecseessecssecsaeeseensecseeeseeeseceseeseenseeeeeseeeaes 43 Conclusion Chapter 51 01 70 75. 43 CHAPTER 4: SOLUTIONS FOR DEVELOPING PEER-TO-PEER LENDING ACTIVITIES IN VIETNAMG( uo mẽ ằ .- (G1 TH nh Ho Ho TT 45 4.2 State bank Of Vietnam 8n.3 Peer to peer lending companie@S.- --- --- 6 2c c1 k9 99g 11 1 1111 nh HH giết 47 c8 2 nh.2 1S 1S 1111111112111 211111111111 1111111 1111 11T 11T TT T1 T1 Triệt 50 ABSTRACT Peer-to-peer lending is a rapidly growing trend that is expected to become an indispensable part of the global financial market.
Through digital technology, this model connects borrowers directly with lenders and has gained popularity in various countries worldwide. Although P2P lending offers many opportunities, it also poses several challenges for countries. Currently, Vietnam has about 100 P2P lending companies, including those from China, Indonesia, and Singapore. However, the absence of a formal legal mechanism has led to the distortion of this lending model.
This thesis aims to examine the P2P lending development trend in successful and unsuccessful countries, how lending activities are managed, and the pros and cons of each approach. Based on this analysis, the thesis proposes recommendations for establishing a P2P lending market in Vietnam. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Original meaning Financial Conduct FCA Authority KYC Know your customer P2P Peer to peer P2PFA Peer to Peer Financial Association PBOC People Bank of China SBV State Bank of Vietnam SMEs Small and medium-sized enterprises UK United Kingdom US United States USD United State dollar LIST OF TABLES Table | Table name Page Peer to peer lending Table 3.1 market volume by model 44 in China 2015-2020 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Figure name Page Figure 1.1 General model of p2p lending __| 12 Client-segregated account Figure 1.3 Notary model 19 P2P consumer and business Figure 3.1 lending transaction value in 20 Europe European Online Alternative Figure 3.2 Finance Market Volumes 2013- | 31 2020, USD (Including UK) Eisure 3.3 Total UK Alternative Finance 31 sure» Market Size 2015-2020, USD. Top four countries in volume Figure 3.4 by P2P model 2019-2020 3 Total Alternative Finance Eigure 3.5 Volume Market Share in 35 Americas (2019-2020) Chinese Alternative Finance Figure 3.6 40 Market Volume 2013-2020 INTRODUCTION 1.
Research motivations Peer-to-peer lending is a burgeoning trend that is quickly becoming a staple in the global financial market. This model, which utilizes digital technology to connect borrowers with lenders, has gained significant popularity and has been adopted by numerous countries worldwide. Despite the vast opportunities presented by this lending model, there are also several challenges that must be addressed, particularly in countries such as Vietnam where there are approximately 100 P2P lending companies, including 10 from China and several others from Indonesia and Singapore. The informal nature of this lending system has led to some distortion, underscoring the importance of establishing a formal legal mechanism to regulate P2P lending activities.
To this end, this thesis aims to analyze successful and failed P2P lending models from around the world, explore different approaches to managing lending activities, and evaluate the pros and cons of each method. Ultimately, the thesis will propose actionable solutions to establish a robust P2P lending market in Vietnam. Research question e How did peer to peer lending evolve and develop globally? e What is the current status of peer to peer lending in Vietnam? e Howcan the quality of peer to peer lending in Vietnam be effectively controlled? 3. Research objective V General objectives: The main aim of this research is to examine the status quo of peer-to-peer (P2P) lending in several countries worldwide and in Vietnam, in order to suggest strategies for developing the P2P lending market in Vietnam.
⁄ Specific objectives: ® Firstly, to explicate the key theoretical issues of P2P lending. ® Secondly, to scrutinize and assess the current state of P2P lending activities in some countries, such as the UK, US, China, Canada, etc., to draw insights and lessons applicable to Vietnam. @ Thirdly, to scrutinize and assess the present condition of P2P lending in Vietnam. 9 ® Fourthly, to recommend solutions to the state banks and government agencies to strengthen their policies, enhance the legal framework, and build a secure and efficient P2P lending market in Vietnam.
Research object and scope > Research object: peer to peer lending platforms. > Scope of research: Spatial scope: conducting research on peer to peer lending activities in some countries: UK, US, China, Canada and other countries. In 2005, the first official peer-to-peer lending platform was established in the UK, which triggered the rapid expansion of this practice in the UK and other nations globally. Research structure Chapter 1: The theoretical basis of peer-to-peer lending Chapter 2: Overview of literature and research methodology Chapter 3: The current situation of peer-to-peer lending in the world and Vietnam Chapter 4: Solutions for developing peer-to-peer lending activities in Vietnam.
10 CHAPTER 1: THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF PEER-TO-PEER LENDING 1.1 Definition of peer-to-peer lending Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, also known as social lending or crowdfunding, is a form of alternative finance that connects borrowers directly with individual investors through an online platform. This model bypasses traditional financial institutions such as banks, credit unions, and other financial intermediaries, allowing borrowers to access loans at potentially lower interest rates, while investors can earn higher returns on their investments than they might through traditional savings accounts or other investment vehicles. In P2P lending, borrowers post their loan requests and financial information on a lending platform, which is then matched with investors who are willing to lend money at an agreed- upon interest rate. The lending platform typically charges a fee or commission for connecting borrowers with investors and managing the loan process.
To mitigate risk, P2P lending platforms often use credit scoring and risk assessment algorithms to evaluate borrowers’ creditworthiness and determine their likelihood of default. Additionally, some platforms may offer loan guarantees or insurance to protect investors against losses. Overall, P2P lending provides an alternative to traditional lending and investing methods, enabling individuals and businesses to access funding and investment opportunities that may not be available through traditional financial channels.1: General model of p2p lending Borrowers repayment Source: Research gate 1.2 The history and growth of peer-to-peer lending Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending has its origins in the early days of the internet, when online marketplaces were starting to emerge as a new form of commerce. The concept of P2P lending first gained attention in the late 1990s, with websites like Prosper.com and LendingClub.com, which were initially created to connect individual lenders with borrowers for small, personal loans.
However, it wasn't until the early 2000s that the P2P lending industry really began to take off. In 2005, the UK saw the establishment of the first official P2P lending platform, Zopa, which pioneered the concept of matching individual investors with borrowers and introduced credit scoring and risk assessment algorithms to ensure responsible lending practices. In the following years, the P2P lending industry grew rapidly, with new platforms emerging around the world. In 2006, LendingClub launched in the US, and other platforms such as Funding Circle, Ratesetter, and Kiva followed soon after.
The global financial crisis in 2008 also contributed to the growth of P2P lending, as traditional lenders became more cautious and risk-averse, leaving many borrowers without access to credit. As the P2P lending industry grew, it also faced challenges and regulatory scrutiny. Some platforms were accused of misleading investors, while others faced lawsuits over their 12 lending practices. In response, regulators around the world introduced rules and guidelines to ensure transparency, fair treatment of customers, and adequate risk management.
Despite these challenges, the P2P lending industry continued to expand and evolve, with new models and niches emerging, such as peer-to-peer property lending, invoice financing, and equity crowdfunding. Today, P2P lending is a global industry, estimated to have provided more than $150 billion in loans by the end of 2020, with new platforms and innovations continuing to drive its growth and development.3 Characteristics of peer-to-peer lending Here are some key characteristics of P2P lending: Direct connections between borrowers and investors: P2P lending platforms facilitate direct connections between individual borrowers and investors without the need for traditional financial intermediaries such as banks.