BANKING ACADEMY OF VIETNAM FACULTY OF FINANCE GRADUATION THESIS FACTORS INFLUENCING APARTMENT PRICE IN HANOI: VALUATION BY THE HEDONIC PRICING MODEL IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF 2024 Student name: Ngo Minh Khue Class: K23CLCTCB Academy year: 2020 - 2024 Student ID: 23A7510061 Instructor: MA. Ta Thi Bich Thuy Hanoi, May 2024 i DECLARATION BY STUDENT I, Ngo Minh Khue, hereby declare that this thesis entitled “Factors influencing the apartment price in Hanoi: Valuation by the Hedonic pricing model in the first quarter of 2024” represents my own work. This topic has been prepared by me at the Banking Academy, under the guidance of MA. Ta Thi Bich Thuy.
It has not been submitted, in whole or in part, to any previous application for a degree. Any literature data or work done by others and cited within this thesis has been given due acknowledgement and listed in the reference section. Hanoi, May 2024 Ngo Minh Khue ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During the time of conducting the thesis, which put an end to my four-year journey in Banking Academy, I would like to show my gratitude towards the dedicated guidance from my instructor – Master of Finance, Ta Thi Bich Thuy. Thanks to your guidance, I was able to overcome the shortcomings of the thesis as well as the unreasonable points in my way of thinking and presenting, thereby fulfilling my thesis.
Moreover, I would like to send my sincerest thanks to the lecturers of Banking Academy for their help and guidance. Despite not taking part directly in the thesis writing process, they gave me every basic knowledge, which helped me have both background and specialized knowledge to complete the thesis successfully. I believe that the lessons that I gathered from Banking Academy will follow me to many assignments later in life. Finally, I feel sincerely thankful for the valuable opportunity that I experienced during my internship for the thesis writing process.
The admin department at VNG Value Company Limited gave me the chance to apply the knowledge I have learned in school as well as convey practical knowledge. Thanks to the internship, I could approach the valuation process of manufacturing enterprises, especially the operations with certain customers. Due to that advantage, I could compare and determine the factors that affect the valuation of apartments. This is a valuable source of knowledge that helps me better understand valuation, serving to come up with reasonable ideas for my thesis.
Thank you sincerely! iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION BY STUDENT .ii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .vi LIST OF TABLES .vii LIST OF FIGURES. RELEVANCE OF THE THESIS. RESEARCH SUBJECT AND SCOPE.
STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS. LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .1 Former research in global. Former research in Vietnam. Overview of real estate.
Overview of apartment. Real estate valuation. Factors influencing real estate valuation. DATA AND METHODOLOGY.
Method of collecting information. Process and analyze data. RECOMMENDED RESEARCH MODEL AND ASSUMPTIONS. Recommended research model.
Description of components in the research model. THE STATEMENT OF HOUSING REAL ESTATE MARKET. Housing real estate market in Vietnam. Apartment market in Hanoi.
Description of sample. Correlation matrix analysis. LIMITATIONS AND SOLUTION FOR THE MODEL. CONCLUSION OF THE MODEL.
CONTRIBUTION OF RESEARCH AND RECOMMENDATIONS. For investors, developers, and builders of the project. For the customers. Government authorities and regulators.
89 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Acronym Explanation HPM Hedonic pricing model OLS Ordinary least squares ANN Artificial neural networks ARIMA Autoregressive integrated moving average LUA Limited use areas VVS Vietnam Valuation Standards GSO General Statistics Office GPD Gross domestic product MoC Ministry of Construction HoREA Ho Chi Minh real estate association VARS Vietnam Association of Real Estate Brokers HNX Hanoi Stock Exchange OMRE One Mount Real Estate VHOP Vinhomes Ocean Park VHSC Vinhomes Smart City VIF Variance inflation factor vii LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 1. Factors affecting housing real estate prices according to former 22 research Table 2. District in Hanoi ranking on ascending population density 28 Table 2. Variables of the recommended research model 33 Table 3.
Changes in prices of apartment projects in Hanoi 55 Table 3. Statistics on the number of research samples divided by district 57 Table 3. Statistics on the number of samples divided by building quality 58 Table 3. Description of quantitative variables in the model 59 Table 3.
Correlation matrix between variables in the model 60 Table 3. Regression result 62 Table 3. Multicollinearity test results 63 Table 3. Heteroskedasticity test 64 Table 3.
Heteroskedasticity fix 65 Table 3. Research results 67 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Chart 3. GDP growth of Vietnam (%) 38 Chart 3. Supply and transaction volume of housing real estate market in 40 2023 Chart 3.
Average income of workers by month from 2019 to 2023 (million 41 VND/month) Chart 3. New supply of housing real estate market in Hanoi and Ho Chi 42 Minh city Chart 3. Supply and transaction volume by apartment segment 44 Chart 3. Maturity value of real estate corporate bonds (unit: billion VND) 46 Chart 3.
Home loan interest rates in 2023 47 Chart 3. New apartment supply in Hanoi from 2020 to 2023 48 Chart 3. Future apartment supply in region 49 Chart 3. Compare future apartment supply in the East and West of Hanoi 50 in Q1/2024 Chart 3.
Apartment sales volume by segments in Hanoi 51 Chart 3. Demand to buy real estate in Hanoi in Q4/2023 51 Chart 3. Average apartment price in Hanoi from 2018 to Q1/2024 53 (million VND/m2) Chart 3. Average price of primary apartments in Vinhomes project 54 compared to area (million VND/m2) 1 ABSTRACT The condition of the Hanoi real estate market remains unstable after the difficulties from 2022 until now.
However, pessimism has gradually decreased, reflected in the exponential growth of successful transactions and the suspiciously high prices of some projects. The skyrocketing price needs further research; therefore, this thesis aims to present an overview on the current situation of the real estate market in Vietnam. Data of 219 apartments from 17 projects covering twelve districts of Hanoi is collected from valuation certificates of VNG Value Co ltd to put into a Hedonic pricing model to estimate the impact of factors on apartment prices in Hanoi. Empirical research pointed to the need to consider eleven factors, being sorted into three additional groups: Population density, distance to center of city and airport, distance to nearest hospital as Location; Floor space, number of rooms, number of balconies, apartment floor as Structural; Building age, quality, investor experience as Characteristic of the building.
The results of analysis led to the conclusion that seven of above-mentioned factors have a relationship with the selling price, which caused 84.25% of the fluctuation of the apartment prices in Hanoi. Finally, the thesis proposed some suggestions for project investors, apartment buyers, government of Vietnam, and other institutions on how to enhance the model, and overcome defects in the current situation, as well as develop a clean and balanced industry environment in the future. Key word: real estate, Hedonic model, apartment 2 INTRODUCTION 1. RELEVANCE OF THE THESIS The year 2023 was a slowing-down time for the global economy.
The income of most people was affected by recession, causing a decrease in the number of transactions as well as the decision to invest, bringing the real estate market through a challenging period. In Vietnam, signs of difficulties began to flare up at the end of 2022, leaving troubles covering the entire market in 2023. Especially, in only one year, the real estate market had witnessed the departure and closure of corporations due to out of capital along with the burden of bonds due laid on their shoulders. More positive signals had been sent in 2024, though there would be differentiation between market segments, the pessimism and suspicion of investors had gradually decreased, proven in the exponential growth of volume of successful transactions.
Since the beginning of the year, new policies have been issued, along with cooling interest rates, and legal problems are resolved in a clearer schedule. However, due to many reasons, the lack of supply has not been able to meet people's needs, leading to a sharp increase in housing real estate prices. Within this expansive sector, one segment stands out for its enduring significance and adaptability, now being demanded significantly: apartments. As urbanization continues to surge and housing preferences change, apartments are promising to meet the demand for flexible, convenient, and community-centric living spaces.
That is one of the reasons apartments are least affected by the recession and still record an upward trend in price. In fact, scarce supply and asymmetry in the segment has caused apartments in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, to show signs of strong price increases, even raising suspicions of price inflation. It needs further study to analyze the determinants of this uptrend. Apartment prices, the same as every other real estate price, are driven by supply and demand.
Estimating price, or valuation, in this field is a necessary activity which provides input to interpret the true value of a property, saving transaction participants from overpriced and underpriced. There are currently many studies related to this field, especially those 3 that apply the HPM to quantify factors affecting real estate prices. HPM is a multivariate regression model, starting from the idea that several explanatory variables sorted into groups can be used to predict the value of a dependent variable, which in this case is the value of an apartment, thereby quantifying the impact of groups. In this thesis, based on the experience of applying HPM in previous research, a multivariate regression model is built to estimate the influence of factors on the value of apartments in Hanoi.
Hanoi apartments are chosen as the subject due to the large size of market with representative traits, besides the suitability regarding the author's background and knowledge. Data for the thesis consists in the transaction prices of sample apartments in Hanoi in the first three months of 2024, and incorporates the following variables: district population density, distance from apartment to airport, center of city and nearest hospital, floor space, number of room and balcony, apartment floor, building age, investor’s experience, and quality of the building. The purpose mentioned above could be achieved by answering three questions: - What is the current statement of the real estate market of Vietnam, and the situation of the Hanoi apartment market in particular? - What are the factors influencing the value of apartments in Hanoi? - What is the appropriate model to quantify the factors influencing apartment prices in Hanoi? 2. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE General research objective: Analyze the correlation between apartment selling prices in Hanoi and the influencing factors, hence giving proposals for the current situation.
Specific objectives: Systematize theory and former research related to the topic; Identify factors influencing apartment price; Determine and completing the correlation model between apartment price and influencing factors, hence quantifying the level of 4 impact from each in the case of Hanoi; Proposing recommendations to help the participants taking part in apartment transaction. The result model and conclusions achieved from this thesis would be useful for the participants taking part in apartment transactions. Not only would it help buyers determine the real value of the apartment, thereby considering financial resources to make appropriate choices, but it would also provide support to the investors to understand the needs and tastes of customers and detect what are the unreasonable factors pushing the price up for other institutions to write out solutions. RESEARCH SUBJECT AND SCOPE The research subject is apartments from the affordable to high-end segment (including the factors influencing their prices).