MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF BANKING GRADUATION THESIS PERCEPTION OF GREEN BANKING IN VIETNAM MAJOR: BANKING AND FINANCE CODE: 7 34 02 01 NGUYEN THI PHUONG UYEN HO CHI MINH CITY, 2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF BANKING GRADUATION THESIS PERCEPTION OF GREEN BANKING IN VIETNAM MAJOR: BANKING AND FINANCE CODE: 7 34 02 01 Student: Nguyen Thi Phuong Uyen Student ID: 030135190705 Class: HQ7 – GE05 ACADEMIC ADVISOR Assoc. Ha Thi Thieu Dao HO CHI MINH CITY, 2023 3 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the graduation thesis "Perception of Green Banking in Vietnam" is my own report, the research results are truthful, and there is no content that has been previously published by others, except for the fully cited citations in the thesis. Author NGUYEN THI PHUONG UYEN 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to sincerely thank the teachers and the Board of Directors of the Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City for imparting valuable knowledge to us during our time at the school. Especially with deep gratitude, I would like to thank Assoc.
Ha Thi Thieu Dao, who enthusiastically guided and supported me in the process of making my thesis, imparting practical knowledge and experiences to help me choose the right topic and complete my graduation thesis in the best way possible. Finally, I would like to thank my family, friends, colleagues, and experts for their support during the course of this research project. During the research process, although we tried to refer to documents and exchange ideas from teachers and experts, we could not avoid shortcomings. I look forward to receiving your comments to improve the research paper.
Sincere thanks to you! 5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS Number ABBREVIATIONS MEANINGS 1 AFD The French Development Agency 2 ATM Automated Teller Machine 3 CDM Cash Deposit Machine 4 CFA Confirmatory Factor Analysis 5 CRM Cash Recycling Machine 6 CSR Corporate Social Responsibility 7 DTPB Decomposed of Theory of Planned Behavior 8 EFA Exploratory Factor Analysis 9 ID Identification 10 IFC The International Finance Corporation 11 NDGAIN Notre Dame Global Climate Change Adaptaion Initiative 12 PBC Perceived behavioral control 13 SBV The State Bank of VietNam 14 SEM Structural Equation Modeling 15 SMS Short Message Service 16 TPB Theory of Planned Behavior 17 TRA Theory of Reasoned Action 18 VND Viet Nam dong 6 LIST OF TABLES Table 2. Studies on Green Banking. Table describing demographic characteristics. KMO and Barlett's Test.
KMO and Barlett's Test. EFA results for mediating variable. KMO and Barlett's Test. EFA results for dependent variable.
Evaluation of validity: Convergence and Discriminability. Differences in Intention to adopt green banking by demographic groupings. 67 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. Model of Innovation Diffusion Theory IDT.
Research flow chart. Proposed research model. The CFA results normalize the measurement model to the rank. SEM results of the research model.
Relevance and justification of the research. Subject and scope of research. Contribution of research. Green Banking definitions .2 Features of Green banking services.
The current state of green banking services in Vietnam. Innovation Diffusion Theory. Theory of Planned Behavior. Decomposed of Theory of Planned Behavior.
Overview of previous research works. Research process and study design. Research Models and Hypotheses. Methods of data collection, processing and analysis.
Check the reliability of the scale using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Exploratory factor analysis. Confirmation Factor Analysis. Testing the model fit.
Sampling method and data processing. Descriptive statistics on sample characteristics and research data. Descriptive statistics of demographic characteristics. Descriptive statistics of factors.
Preliminary assessment of the scale. Cronbach's Alpha test. Result of factor analysis EFA. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
Evaluation of differences in Intention to adopt green banking among groups with different demographic characteristics. Limitations of the research and future research directions. LIST OF CONSULTING EXPERTS. EXPERT INTERVIEW RESULTS.
EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS. CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS. STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING. 127 11 ABSTRACT The adoption of green banking has emerged as a significant strategic approach for commercial banks.
Green banking has significantly altered people's view, particularly that of consumers. Commercial banks are increasingly using technological advancements in their banking systems and business operations, acknowledging the advantages associated with the establishment of green banks. Currently, the internal operating rules and green programmes adopted in banking operations lack specificity. The primary aim of this research is to ascertain the key determinants that have a substantial influence on consumers' intention to adopt green banking within the specific context of Vietnam, which is characterised as a developing economy.
The author has used the Decomposed of Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) within the context of commercial banks to construct a conceptual framework encompassing the many elements that influence the adoption of green banking initiatives. This framework has been developed based on the analysis of survey data collected from a sample of 320 customers. The research reveals that there exist six aspects and one mediating variable that exert influence on the intention to adopt of green banking. These factors include perception, relative advantage, trialability, complexity, compatibility, observability, and attitude.
The thesis aims to develop a comprehensive scale system for assessing the variables that influence the adoption of green banking within the Vietnamese commercial banking sector. This contribution will be valuable for scholars in the area of green banking. In Vietnam, a hierarchical framework exists to evaluate and endorse green banking initiatives. Subsequently, the author presents some strategies to expedite the adoption of green banking in the foreseeable future.
Key words: Green Banking; Perception, IDT model; Green Banking Practices; Green Banking Service 12 Chapter 1. Problem statement Climate change is a pressing concern in contemporary times due to its significant impact on weather patterns, rising sea levels, and the extinction of various species of flora and fauna. Furthermore, the phenomenon of climate change presents a significant collective hazard to both the economy and the financial system (Litterman, Anderson, & Bullard, 2020). The wealth of human civilization is increasing day by day with the expansion of the global economy; however, with it come the effects of climate change and environmental degradation due to growth.
Economic causes are getting worse and need more attention (Ganda, 2019). Therefore, green growth can simultaneously solve problems between growth and the environment and society, ensuring economic development through environmental protection. According to the World Bank Group (2022), Vietnam has been identified as one of the nations most susceptible to the impacts of climate change globally. This assessment is based on rankings provided by the Notre Dame Global Climate Change Adaptation Initiative (NDGAIN), which positions Vietnam at 127th out of 182 countries, and the Germanwatch Global Climate Risk Index, which places Vietnam at 13th out of 180 countries for the period spanning 2000 to 2019.
Furthermore, Vietnam is at the forefront of the climate crisis, facing increasingly disrupted water and food supplies, along with endangered coastal regions (Eiweida & Nys, 2023). According to Ritchie et al. (2020), Vietnam's annual carbon dioxide emissions amounted to 326 million metric tonnes in 2021, representing a 116% increase over a decade. The goal of green banking is to achieve sustainability by implementing computerized and environmentally conscious banking procedures.
The objective is to establish a banking system that is sustainable and has minimal or no adverse effects on individuals, communities, and the natural environment (Charan, Dahiya, & Kaur, 2019). Hence, the "Go Green" ideology has gained significance in every facet of the corporate 13 world. The concept of green banking pertains to the practice of environmentally and socially responsible investing (Sahoo, Singh, & Jain, 2016). The implementation of green banking brings many benefits to the environment, customers, and the bank.
Green banks' implementation of paperless banking transactions, such as Internet banking, SMS banking, and new generation ATMs (CDM, CRM), has resulted in significant paper and ink savings, as well as a reduction in deforestation. In addition to the environmental benefits, green banking also helps customers' lives become more convenient and safer with online banking by providing utilities such as balance inquiry, checking transfer statements, etc. and deposit, making it easy to open and close accounts (Wessels & Drennan, 2010); saving time and cost of going to the bank to make basic transactions, instead do it via mobile phone or website at any time and place (Tara, 2015). In the global trend towards the Millennium Goals, responsible business practices, corporate social responsibility, ethical considerations, and environmental concerns play a vital role for businesses.
Green banks not only create competitive advantages through product and service innovation, reduce credit risk through simple loan recovery, and reduce banking management costs (Hossain, Ahmed, & Nisha, 2015), but also act as a corporate social responsibility (CSR) activity, which is an exemplary model of the future banking industry and serves as the foundation for the transition to the banking industry. Recognizing the importance of the banking sector in working with other sectors to realize the commitment to net zero emissions by 2050, the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) on July 16, 2023 issued Decision 1408 /QD-NHNN on promulgating the action plan of the banking industry to implement the national strategy on green growth for the period 2021-2030 and a project on tasks and solutions to implement the results of the 26th conference Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” following Decision No. 34/QD-NHNN dated January 7, 2019 “on the Action Program of the Banking sector to implement the Development Strategy Vietnam's banking sector to 2025, with orientation to 2030". Specific tasks include: promoting the development of green credit and green banking to contribute to the economy's 14 transformation towards green growth, low CO2 emissions, and climate change adaptation; increasing the proportion of bank credit capital invested in renewable energy (RE), clean energy, and industries that produce and consume less CO2.
Additionally, green banking is a very recent concept among Vietnamese clients. Hence, the present research aims to evaluate customers' perspectives on green banking and then investigate the influence of customers’ intentions to adopt green banking in conjunction with other variables. Relevance and justification of the research In practical terms, Vietnam has total CO2 emissions from primary energy consumption of 285.9 million metric tonnes, accounting for 0.8% of the world's total CO2 emissions, and emissions per capita of 2.96 metric tonnes per capita. In 2019, Vietnam's total CO2 emissions from primary energy consumption accounted for only 66.8% of the global average, a figure significantly lower than that of many other countries in the world and the region.
However, the growth rate of CO2 emissions is very high compared to the growth rate of primary energy consumption: 20.5% per year on average in 2008–2018, while consumption of primary energy is only 10. The aforementioned results indicate that the level of environmental pollution in our country is increasing, a trend that will significantly impact our country's long-term development. Additionally, the banking industry directly impacts the environment in indirect ways. According to SBV (2021), approximately 25 commercial banks, including Sacombank, BIDV, Vietinbank, Vietcombank, Agribank, SHB, ACB, Viet A Bank, Nam A Bank, and OCB, have implemented green credit packages.
Financial institutions have devised and executed approximately 24% of environmentally friendly initiatives for credit evaluation, and have established and executed procedures for managing environmental and social risks in the areas of credit provision, construction, and issuance. According to the documented procedure for managing environmental and social risks, 68% of the entities intend to broaden their green credit commitments in the near and intermediate future. Vietnam's credit balance for environmentally sustainable projects (2022) has surpassed VND 474 15 trillion, indicating a 7.08% increase in comparison to the previous year. The development of renewable and clean energy initiatives has received the majority of these funds (47%).
The implementation of Industry 4.