Luận văn ThS UEH: Rủi ro ngành ngân hàng Việt Nam và khuyến nghị chính sách

Luận văn thạc sĩ nghiên cứu ueh risks to vietnams banking sector and policy recommendations, đánh giá hiện trạng, phân tích vấn đề, đề xuất biện pháp hoàn thiện trong lĩnh vực .

Chuyên ngành

Public Policy

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Thesis

2012

120
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

35 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

CERTIFICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

ABBREVIATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Research Questions

2. Research Objectives

3. Research Methods, Sources of Information and Research Scope

4. Thesis Structure

5. General Literature

6. Implications for Vietnam

7. RISKS TO BANKING SECTOR OF VIETNAM

7.1. Macroeconomic Vulnerabilities

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS, HO CHI MINH CITY ------    ------ VŨ THỊ MAI TRÂM RISKS TO VIETNAM’S BANKING SECTOR AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS MASTER IN PUBLIC POLICY THESIS HO CHI MINH CITY – 2012 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ii MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS, HO CHI MINH CITY FULBRIGHT ECONOMICS TEACHING PROGRAM VŨ THỊ MAI TRÂM RISKS TO VIETNAM’S BANKING SECTOR AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS MAJOR: PUBLIC POLICY CODE: 603114 MASTER IN PUBLIC POLICY THESIS SUPERVISOR Dr. PINCUS HO CHI MINH CITY - 2012 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com iii CERTIFICATION I certify that the substance of the thesis has not already been submitted for any degree and is not being currently submitted for any other degree. I certify that to the best of my knowledge any help received in preparing the thesis and all sources used have been acknowledged in the thesis. The study does not necessarily reflect the views of the Ho Chi Minh City Economics University or Fulbright Economics Teaching Program. Author VŨ THỊ MAI TRÂM LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deep gratitude to my parents who always encourage me in my life and my studying. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor, Dr. Pincus, who has helped me in performing the thesis. With rich knowledge, experience and enthusiasm, he has effectively contributed to my thesis. I am graceful to Ms. Dinh Vu Trang Ngan for thoughtful and valuable comments on the early version of my work. I would like to thank all teachers in Fulbright Economics Teaching Program, who have retransmitted a lot of their knowledge and experience to me. Last but not least, I express my thanks to all of my friends who help and motivate me in performing the study. VŨ THỊ MAI TRÂM Ho Chi Minh City - June, 2012 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com v ABSTRACT Vietnamese banking system has faced some extraordinary events, which have had a negative impact on the prestige of the banking system and perceptions of the management capacity of SBV and reduced the public‟s confidence. In general, Vietnamese banking system faces the following risks: risk from non-performing loans, liquidity risk, currency risk and risk from connected lending. To reduce the negative impacts of these risks, Vietnam should combine many resolutions to manage effectively such risks. The appropriate incentive and legal framework, the improvement of underlying institutions (fiscal, financial and monetary institutions) and the strong corporate governance are deemed prerequisite to maintain the stability and the development of financial system. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com vi ABBREVIATIONS ABB An Binh Commercial Joint Stock Bank ACB Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank AGB Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development AMC Asset management company BAB BACA Commercial Joint Stock Bank BIDV Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam BOM Board of management BVB Bao Viet Joint Stock Commercial Bank CAR Capital adequacy ratio CTG Vietnam Bank for Industry and Trade DAB Great Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank EAB Dong A Commercial Joint Stock Bank EIB Vietnam Export Import Commercial Joint Stock Bank ER Exchange rate FCB First Joint Stock Commercial Bank GPB Global Petro Commercial Joint Stock Bank GSO The General Statistics Office LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com vii HBB Hanoi Building Commercial Joint Stock Bank HDB Housing Development Commercial Joint Stock Bank JSC Joint Stock Company JVC Joint Venture Company KLB Kien Long Commercial Joint Stock Bank LVB LienViet Post Joint Stock Commercial Bank MBB Military Commercial Joint Stock Bank MDB Mekong Development Joint Stock Commercial Bank MHB Housing Bank of Mekong Delta MPI Ministry of Planning and Investment MSB Maritime Commercial Joint Stock Bank NAB Nam A Commercial Joint Stock Bank NPLs Non-performing loans NVB Nam Viet Commercial Joint Stock Bank OCB Orient Commercial Joint Stock Bank OCEAN Ocean Commercial Joint Stock Bank PGB Petrolimex Group Commercial Joint Stock Bank SBV The State Bank of Vietnam SCB Sai Gon Commercial Joint Stock Bank LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com viii SEB Southeast Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank SGB Saigon Bank for Industry & Trade SHB Saigon-Hanoi Commercial Joint Stock Bank SNB Southern Commercial Joint Stock Bank SOE State owned enterprise STB Sai Gon Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank TCB Viet Nam Technological and Commercial Joint Stock Bank TNB Vietnam Tin Nghia Commercial Joint Stock Bank TPB TienPhong Commercial Joint Stock Bank TRB Great Trust Joint Stock Commercial Bank VAB Viet A Commercial Joint Stock Bank VCAP (GDB) Viet Capital Commercial Joint Stock Bank (Gia Dinh Commercial Joint Stock Bank) VCB Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam VIB Vietnam International Commercial Joint Stock Bank VPB Vietnam Prosperity Joint Stock Commercial Bank VTB Viet Nam Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank WEB Western Commercial Joint Stock Bank LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ix TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CERTIFICATION . vi TABLE OF CONTENTS . ix LIST OF FIGURES . Research Methods, Sources of Information and Research Scope . Implications for Vietnam . RISKS TO BANKING SECTOR OF VIETNAM . Risk from NPLs . Risk from Connected Lending . Resolution for NPLs . Resolution for Liquidity Risk . Resolution for Currency Risk . Resolution for Connected Lending .43 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. COMPARISON BETWEEN VIETNAMESE REGULATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON NON-PERFORMING LOANS . LITERATURE ON RESOLUTIONS OF NONPERFORMING LOANS . LITERATURE ON RESOLUTIONS OF LIQUIDITY RISK . LITERATURE ON RESOLUTIONS OF CURRENCY RISK . LITERATURE ON RESOLUTIONS OF CONNECTED LENDING . CONNECTED RELATIONSHIP AND LENDING .93 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com xi LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 3. GDP, credit, mobilization and inflation rate (2001-2011) 20 Figure 3. Interbank average interest rate (10/2011 - 4/2012) 24 Figure 3. Ratios of FX deposits to total deposits and FX loans to total credit 25 Figure 3. Growth rate in capital mobilization from and credit to the economy 26 (2008 - 2010) Figure 3. Investments outside the main business of state corporations 29 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Introduction Recently the Vietnamese economy has experienced some difficulties. The banking system has also faced some extraordinary events, such as systematic and serious violations of the deposit rate cap, rapid credit growth and major incidents of fraud. All of these events have had negative impacts on the prestige of the banking system and perceptions of the management capacity of the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV). Some of the reasons for these include weaknesses and shortcomings in financial capacity, management and competition among banks in the market. Therefore, the public‟s confidence in the banking system has declined sharply. A growth model that is excessively dependent on the continuous supply of capital has put pressure on credit provision to the economy. Average credit growth for the period 2001- 2011 is not only higher than the mobilization rate but also far higher than the GDP growth rate (approximately four times). Banks via their intermediary role pumped large amounts of money into the market. When cheap loans were easily accessible, conditions were created for inefficient investments. The trend of loosening credit standards has encouraged an increase in leverage of local enterprises, especially state owned enterprises (SOEs). The inefficiency and wastefulness in using available capital resources have accumulated non-performing loans (NPLs) over time and impaired asset quality. The consequence is that the Vietnamese economy experienced high credit growth with a rising stock of domestic credit relative to GDP. In 2011, this rate was at nearly 125 percent. Such a high rate compared to economic capacity and other neighboring countries has led to the increase in NPLs and inflation rate. During the period 2001 to 2011, credit growth of Vietnamese banks averaged 30.41 percent per annum. High profits in that period induced many new investors to join in the establishment of new banks or upgrade rural to urban banks. The banking system experienced a boom of new banks and a strong growth in total assets just in a short time. Many of these LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 2 banks lacked the necessary financial and technological capacity required for such a risk-taking industry as well as professional experience and ethical standards expected of sound bankers. In addition, the shortfall of skilled employees reduced workforce quality and in that way indirectly lowered the banks‟ risk assessment ability and exposed them to future credit risks. The more violent competition and struggle for market share as well as profits forced bank managers to loosen credit-granting criteria. In such conditions, prudential requirements of capital adequacy, liquidity and asset quality were ignored not only by banks but also by SBV. The lack of appropriate regulation of credit risk provision has made the banking system become vulnerable at a time of monetary contraction. When the global financial crisis, reduction of economic growth, capital outflows, the public debt crisis in the EU, contraction of export markets and a drop in the price of real estate projects emerge, many enterprises could not continue doing business. The latent problems in the banking system were exposed. Liquidity problems and bad debt are becoming more and more serious with frenzied efforts by problem banks, which are illiquid or even insolvent, to mobilize deposits and maintain normal banking business. This is also the first time that collateral requirements have been attached to interbank lending. It is a signal of serious deterioration of confidence among banks in this normally safe market. In addition, risks from currency mismatch and connected lending seem to be larger and are not being well-controlled. These facts put SBV in a challenging position and required a prompt response to prevent the system from collapsing. The official declarations regarding bank restructuring sent by the Prime Minister and Governor of SBV indicated that bank restructuring is an important part of economic restructuring to avoid the danger of a banking crisis. Therefore, the identification of important risks faced by the banking system becomes an important and urgent task for policy recommendations. The third meeting of 11th Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee highlighted the restructuring of financial markets with a focus on the banking system as one of the three most important objectives of the next five-year period. The restructuring plan to improve safety and soundness of the banking system is to be carried out in the spirit of guaranteeing the LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 3 interests of depositors and doing the utmost to handle any bank collapses. Therefore, the need to specify major risks threatening the stability of the banking sector becomes very important. Research Questions This thesis intends to answer the following questions: (i) What important risks (microeconomic risks) is the Vietnamese banking system facing? (ii) What should be done to reduce such risks? 1. Research Objectives The thesis has the following research objectives: (i) To specify the main risks (microeconomic risks) faced by the Vietnamese banking system through analyzing the banks‟ financial data. (ii) To research and propose policy recommendations in order to reduce adverse effects of such risks. Research Methods, Sources of Information and Research Scope This research uses qualitative method by secondary data collected from financial statements, annual reports of commercial banks, SBV annual reports, and related reports of other organizations. Through this analysis, the research intends to specify the main risks faced by the banking system and propose recommendations to effectively control and manage such risks. Because joint-venture banks and foreign-owned banks account for only a small share of the market and most of these banks do not make their financial statements public, it is hard to analyze such banks‟ financial situation. Therefore, for the purpose of this thesis, the research will be limited to the data analyzed within scope of commercial banks including state banks and other domestic commercial banks. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.

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