UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS ERAMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM HO CHI MINH CITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM – NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS BANKING INDUSTRY VOLATILITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH A thesis submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By TRAN QUOC THANH Academic Supervisor: Assoc. VO XUAN VINH HO CHI MINH CITY, December 2015 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this thesis entitled “BANKING INDUSTRY VOLATILITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH ”, which is submitted by me in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art in Development Economic to the Vietnam – The Netherlands Programme. The thesis constitutes only my original work and due supervision and acknowledgement have been made in the text to all materials used. 30th November 2015 Trần Quốc Thanh LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would never have been able to finish my dissertation without the help and support of people surrounding me.
First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to my mentors Assoc. Võ Xuân Vinh for the continuous support of my M. study and research; for their patience, encouragement, erudite knowledge. Their excellent guidance encouraged me in all the time of doing this study.
I have been strikingly lucky to have supervisors who cared so much my thesis, and answered to all my questions and queries punctually. I could not have imagined having better supervisors and advisors for my research. Besides my mentors, I would like to thank Dr. Pham Khánh Nam, Dr.
Dương Như Hùng, and Prof. Ardeshir Sepehri for their thorough comments and worthy ideas that help to enhance my thesis’s value. My sincere thanks also goes to all the lecturers at the Vietnam – Netherlands Program for their knowledge of all the courses, during the time I studied at the program. I would like to offer my special thanks to lecturers in Data Center in University of Economic and Law, Dr.
Lê Văn Chơn, Dr. Trương Đăng Thụy, lecturer Hoàng Trọng, who help me significantly in the courses and thesis writing processes. In addition, I would like to express my great appreciation to my friends for their motivations. Last but not the least; I owe a very important debt to my family for giving birth to me at the first place and supporting me spiritually throughout my life.
Hồ Chí Minh city, December 2015 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT There is growing evidence from multi- studies indicating that there are lots of determinants advocate to economic growth. However, very few research papers contribute to banking sector, vital field of modern economy. It is unclear whether it is appropriate to assume an identical turning point in the banking industry volatility and growth relation divided into across income criteria and geographical region criteria. In this research, we keep investigating the relationship between banking volatility and economic growth in detail ways after examining carefully the studies of Moshirian & Wu, (2012); Lin & Huang, (2012).
Using GMM techniques for dynamic panel data to analyze one main group and five subsamples: all 22 economies, 11 upper middle income economies, 11 low income and lower middle income economies, 8 Sub-Saharan Africa economies, 6 South Asia and East Asia economies, 5 Latin America economies, by using dynamic panel techniques to analyze panel data. Particularly, we pay more attention on the way country characteristics, such as the effect of low and high inflation, Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) from the updated database of Kaufmann (2013) and financial development characteristics influence the relationship between bank volatility and economic growth. The quarterly panel dataset, which is available and easy approach from international Datastream. The simple correlation between GDP growth rates and banking volatility is slightly higher in geographic region groups.
There is relationship of banking industry volatility and economic growth in all 22 economies, and in five subsamples divided into income criteria and geographical region criteria, even in the presence of market excess returns, and the relationship between banking volatility and economic growth is affected by the country characteristics and financial development when the interaction terms have statistical significant. Except for Voice and Accountability having no effect. Some research papers of Fama (1981, 1990) and Schwert (1990) have proved that the effect of the uncertainty of banking industry on economic growth is uncorrelated with the effect of the market stock return in 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com general on economic growth. Hence, our results is more one evidence for the relationship between the stock returns of bank and economic growth.
Key words: banking volatility, difference GMM, system GMM, country characteristics, financial development characteristics, effect of inflation. 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.3 Main research questions: .4 Structure of the thesis:. 9 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .1 Banking industry volatility and economic growth:. Indicators of country characteristics: .3 Financial indicators and real activity: .4 Stock markets and economic growth:.
19 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY, MODEL SPECIFICATION AND DATA. 27 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND FINDINGS: .1 Descriptive statistics of variables:. 33 CHAPTER 5: POLICY IMPLICATION, CONCLUSION AND LIMITATION: .1 Policy implication and conclusion: .2 Limitation of the research:. 64 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com APPENDICES : Table of empirical studies relating to economic growth rate:.
68 Appendix 1: Full sample of all 22 economies:. 74 Appendix 2: 11 Upper middle income economies:. 98 Appendix 3: 11 Low income and 11 lower middle income economies:. 122 Appendix 4: Africa economies:.
146 Appendix 5: Asia economies:. 170 Appendix 6: Latin America economies:. 194 5 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABBREVIATIONS WGI: World Governnance Indicator EMH: The Efficient market hypothesis GDP: Gross Domestic Product GNI: Gross National Income GMM: The Generalized Method of Moments Estimation GMM(DIF): The Difference Generalized Method of Moments Estimation GMM(SYS): The system Generalized Method of Moments Estimation 6 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problems statement Very few research papers contribute to banking sector, vital field of modern economy. It is evident that numerous research papers for many decades have shown financial development as important channel for economic growth.
Banks play a crucial role in the economic growth of a country by allocating funds among all sectors, primary sectors, secondary sectors, tertiary sector, etc. Most of existing researches focus on performance of the bank, liquid liabilities to GDP, market capitalization per GDP, credit to private sector per GDP, etc. as factors of financial development. Bank sector play crucial role in supply facilities through deposit and lending, credit, banking services, money transfer, etc.
to economic activities. However, very few researches measure directly the effect of banking operation on economic growth. Serwa (2010) indicates that banking crises cause output growth to slow down. A well-functioning banking system facilitates infrastructure for other sectors running smoothly.
Therefore, banking stock return will be reflected in the quality of bank credits. According to Bruner & Simms (1987); Cornell & Shapiro 1986, the market for commercial bank securities operating are efficient and contain information about the quality of bank loan portfolios. There are close relationship between bank stock returns and economic growth. Base on asset-pricing theory, and on many researches of economists Cole, et al (2008); Moshirian & Wu, (2012); Lin & Huang, (2012), prove that stock returns of banking industry reflecting the performance of the bank can predict economic growth.
In addition, according to the view of market efficiency, at any point in time, prices of securities in efficient markets reflect all known information available to investors. In other words, the expected future cash flows of the banks are reflected in the present stock price. This depends on efficiency of loan projects. Bank stock returns will reflect the efficiency of the market in using funds to investment.
Furthermore, in most of countries, commercial banks, PLCs, are broadly representative of country’s banking sector since they account for very high position in the whole banking system. Consequently, there are correlation between bank stock returns and future economic growth. 7 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com In some research of Cornett (2010) and Naceur and Ghazouani (2007), institutional framework, such as country specific, financial system indicators also have significant influence on banking operations. Moreover, in the investigation of Asante, S.
(2011), country characteristics help banks operate smoothly as well as improve their services. This promotes economic growth significantly. In the indicators representative country specific, the negative effects of inflation have been studied in a lot of models of economic growth, it undermines the confidence of domestic and foreign investors as well as consumers about the future economic growth (Andrés & Hernando, 1999). Secondly, the sustainable increase in living standard for a country means a larger voice on the world stage.
There are a lot of measures of the quality of governance have been built to evaluate of the quality of governance, among these are the Worldwide Governance Indicators, six institutional variables rank countries on six aspects of good governance (Kaufmann, 2013). Besides, the impact of banking stock returns on economic growth is captured by country characteristics and financial development (cole, et al, 2008; Moshirian & Wu, 2012). According to the point of view that banking operation contains information about performances of a lot of sectors reflecting the health of the economy (cole, et al, 2008; Moshirian & Wu, 2012; Lin & Huang, 2012). It is indicate that the relationship between banking industry volatility and economic growth that is independent of the information contained by overall market returns.
Since the volatility of the bank relate to the variation of stock returns of the banking industry which refer to each individual bank. Therefore, this information should be independent of information being reflected in market excess returns which is representative for the whole public limited company (PLCs) in the stock market (Oshiriana & 2012; Lin & Huang 2012). Similarly, Naceur & Ghazouani (2007) indicate that the impact of equity market on growth is independent to the impact of bank development on growth. Publicly traded banks also account for high proportion in the whole, this lead to banking industry stock returns will represent for the whole banking sector in the most of countries.
In the researches on banking industry volatility and economic growth topic. Moshirian & Wu, (2012), the investigators concentrate more on country classified 8 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com criteria by compare two subsamples, developed markets and emerging markets, which are nations with social or business activity in the process of rapid growth and industrialization, and Pei-Chien Lin, Ho-Chuan Huang, 2012 pay more attention on the sample in developed countries and middle income countries. Whereas, samples surveyed in my study have different approach, collected data is based on income criteria and geographical region criteria, and data investigated is divided into one main sample including all 22 markets and five subsamples including11 upper middle income group, 11 low income and lower middle income group, 8 Sub-Saharan Africa group, 6 South Asia and East Asia group, 5 Latin America. The extreme volatility of banking industry stocks has trigged for the confusion in finance performance and the economic crisis after that.
All the components of volatility including firm volatility, industry volatility, marketing volatility are countercyclical and tend to lead variation in GDP (Campell, 2001). In this study, we keep investigating the uncertainty of bank stock price in the relation with the markets behaving erratically in the financial markets as well as in economic growth. We also survey the effect of low and high inflation on economic growth in the interaction with banking volatility. Thirdly, we examine the effect of country characteristics, which is Worldwide Governance Indicators, and financial development variables impact on the relationship between bank volatility and future economic growth rate.