I DECLARATION BY THE AUTHOR I, Nguyen Khanh Linh, solemnly declare that this thesis entitled "Improving speaking performance by using collocations for secondary students at an English language center" is the result of my own research and study. All the sources of information used and the assistance received in the preparation of this thesis have been acknowledged in the document. I declare that this work has not been submitted in whole or in part for any other degree or qualification at this or any other university or institution. All contributions from others in the preparation of this thesis, including assistance received from my supervisor, have been acknowledged and appropriately referenced.
I understand that any act of plagiarism, including the reproduction of significant portions of text without proper citation, is not only unethical but also a violation of academic integrity. Therefore, I affirm that this thesis represents my original work and that all ideas, concepts, and findings not of my own creation are duly acknowledged. Furthermore, I confirm that the research conducted adheres to ethical principles and guidelines, and all necessary permissions and approvals have been obtained for the use of any copyrighted material or data. Finally, I acknowledge that the views expressed in this thesis are entirely my own and do not necessarily reflect those of the English Language Center or any other institutions or individuals.
Nguyen Khanh Linh 21/03/2024 II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere appreciation to individuals whose assistance has been invaluable in the culmination of my research endeavor. Initially, I extend my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisors, Dr. Hoang Ngoc Tue and Dr. Nguyen Thanh Dung for their invaluable mentorship and substantial encouragement throughout the research process.
Additionally, I am grateful to the students at Aba English Center for their enthusiastic collaboration, as their support was integral to the successful completion of this study. Finally, I extend my thanks to my parents and friends for their unwavering encouragement and patience. Any feedback from readers interested in this research is greatly appreciated. III TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION BY THE AUTHOR .II TABLE OF CONTENTS.
VII LIST OF TABLES. VIII LIST OF FIGURES. IX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Aims and objectives of the study.
Scope of the study. The significance of the study. 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. The definition of speaking.
The variables influencing speaking abilities. The definition of collocation. The classification of collocation. The significance of collocation.
The advantages of using collocations in speaking. The difficulties encountered by students in employing collocations in spoken language. The reasons behind the difficulties encountered by students when employing collocations in spoken language. Studies in Vietnam.
The experimental group. The control group. DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS. DATA PROCESSING PROCEDURE.
49 V CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS. The current situation of using collocations in speaking of secondary students. Students' self-assessment of their speaking abilities. Students’ self-evaluation of their collocations.
Students’ difficulties in using collocations. Students’ results of using collocation before and after the experiment. Students’ results of using collocation before the experiment. Students’ results of using collocation after the experiment59 4.
The effectiveness of collocations in speaking. Students’ evaluations of collocation’s usefulness. The students' evaluations of the provided collocations for particular topics. The choices made by students regarding the prescribed learning strategies.
64 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. CONSTRAINTS OF THE RESEARCH AND SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH. Constraints of the study .Suggestion for further research. 76 VI CONSENT FORM.
83 THE GIVEN COLLOCATIONS. 89 VII ABSTRACT This research delves into the proficiency of secondary students in utilizing collocations within their spoken language. Collocations, as integral components of natural language use, significantly influence the fluency, coherence, and authenticity of verbal communication. The primary aim of this thesis is to assess the current state of collocation usage among 8th and 9th grade students, identify inherent difficulties and obstacles encountered by students in employing collocations in speech, and propose effective strategies to enhance their utilization of collocations in spoken discourse.
The study involved 30 students from the 8th and 9th grades, with data collected through questionnaires and tests. The findings reveal challenges students face in using collocations, such as limited exposure to natural English language usage, differences in word order, and reliance on literal translation. Furthermore, the findings underscore the role of collocations in enhancing students' speaking performance. Through the strategic incorporation of collocations, students can improve their fluency, coherence, and lexical richness in spoken discourse.
Recommendations are offered to enhance students' oral proficiency through the strategic incorporation of collocations. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of collocations in spoken language proficiency and informs the development of targeted language teaching strategies, ultimately leading to improved communication skills among secondary students. Keywords: collocations, speaking performance, secondary students VIII LIST OF TABLES Table 3.The most recent update of the P2RST Rubric……………………42 Table 3. The modification of the P2RST Rubric…….
Students’ results of using collocations before the experiment….2 The average score of each group………………………………. The difference between the two groups………………………. Students’ results of using collocation after the experiment……. The average score of each group…………………………………60 Table 4.
The difference between the two groups.60 IX LIST OF FIGURES Figures Figure 3. Scoring Mechanism of the P2RST…………. Analysis of students' English speaking proficiency…………. Identification of factors contributing to difficulties in English speaking………………………………………………….
Students’ awareness of collocation……………. The frequency of students’ using collocation…………………. Students’ assessment of the usefulness of collocation……. Students’ perception of the utility of collocation…………….
Distribution of given collocations across specific topics…. Students' choices regarding adherence to the provided learning strategies………………………………………………………………….63 X LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 1. EFL: English as a foreign language 4.2, … Student number 1, Student number 2,… 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Recognizing the pivotal role of collocations in natural language use, this study investigates the potential of integrating collocations into speaking instruction to enhance the speaking performance of secondary students at an English language center. This introduction presents the rationale, aim and objectives, research questions, scope, significance, and setting the stage for a comprehensive exploration of the topic.
Rationale The rationale of this study stems from the recognized importance of spoken language proficiency in English language education. Numerous scholars have emphasized the significance of speaking skills in language learning, highlighting its pivotal role in real-life communication situations ( Burns, 1998; Nunan & Carter, 2002). Proficiency in spoken language not only facilitates social interaction but also enhances overall language acquisition and comprehension. This skill is not only crucial for academic success and professional advancement but also for social integration in English-speaking environments.
Collocations can be thought of as the national essence of each nation. They demonstrate the distinctive qualities of language and can take the place of straightforward words while retaining the same meaning. They can convey the speaker's level of linguistic sophistication. There are several collocations that are interchangeable with straightforward terms.
Collocations are relatively common in Vietnam, and so are in English-speaking countries. Parents, friends, and teachers can educate people collocations so that they can communicate fluently and spontaneously. 2 The integration of collocations into speaking practice has garnered attention in language teaching research. Collocations, defined as fixed and recurring word combinations, are crucial elements of natural and fluent discourse (Bahns, 1993).
Scholars have demonstrated that mastery of collocations is essential for achieving fluency, coherence, and naturalness in spoken communication (Fontenelle, 1998; Howarth, 1998). However, despite their importance, the effective incorporation of collocations into language teaching curricula remains underexplored. Research has shown that learners often encounter challenges in employing collocations in spoken language (Dweik & Abu Shakra, 2011). These challenges range from difficulties in accurate usage to limitations in lexical knowledge, underscoring the complexity of integrating collocations into spoken discourse effectively.
In light of these findings, it is evident that investigating the proficiency of secondary students in utilizing collocations within spoken language is crucial for enhancing their speaking skills and overall language competence. By addressing these challenges and identifying effective strategies for integrating collocations into speaking instruction, this study aims to contribute valuable insights to the field of English language education, ultimately fostering more proficient and confident speakers among secondary students. Aims and objectives of the study The aim of the study "Improving speaking performance by using collocations for secondary students at an English language center" is to enhance the speaking abilities of secondary students through the strategic integration of collocations. This research endeavors to evaluate the efficacy of employing collocations in bolstering students' speaking skills within the context of an English language center.
Objectives include assessing the 3 current proficiency level of students in spoken communication, investigating the impact of collocation usage on speaking abilities, and identifying challenges encountered by students in incorporating collocations into their speech. Furthermore, the study seeks to develop practical recommendations for students to effectively utilize collocations and to measure the resultant improvements in speaking performance. By addressing these objectives, the research aims to contribute valuable insights into the pedagogical approach of utilizing collocations for enhancing speaking proficiency among secondary students, thereby enriching the existing discourse on language teaching and learning. Research questions With the overarching aim of enhancing secondary students' speaking skills through the strategic integration of collocations, the study sets out specific objectives to guide its investigation.
These objectives pave the way for a focused inquiry into the current usage of collocations among secondary students, the effectiveness of integrating collocations into speaking instruction, and the formulation of practical recommendations for improved speaking performance. By delineating these aims, the study sets the stage for the exploration of pertinent research questions aimed at uncovering insights into the relationship between collocation use and speaking proficiency among secondary students. The research questions are: 1. What is the current situation of using collocations in speaking of secondary students? 2.
How does using collocations help secondary students improve speaking performance? 4 1. Scope of the study The researcher carried out a study on 30 secondary students (grade 8th and 9th) who have the same English proficiency level at the Aba Englishcentre. The researcher learnt about the challenges that secondary students at the Aba English Center would take when using collocations in conversation. The researcher gave some recommendations to help secondary students use collocations more effectively basing on the research findings.
The study was carried out in 7 weeks. Five speaking topics including rooms in your house, sports, reading habits, mobile phones, learning English were integrated into the experimental oral lessons. Lesson plans were designed to train students on how to use collocations to assist speaking. The significance of the study Within the defined scope, this study not only aims to shed light on the effectiveness of integrating collocations into speaking instruction for secondary students but also to address a crucial gap in English language teaching methodologies.
By examining the current practices, assessing the impact of instructional interventions, and offering practical recommendations, this research seeks to contribute valuable insights to the field of English language education. The significance of this study lies in its potential to inform pedagogical practices, curriculum design, and instructional strategies aimed at enhancing speaking proficiency among secondary students. Furthermore, by empowering students with the linguistic skills necessary for effective communication, the study ultimately strives to equip them with the tools needed to succeed in academic, professional, and social contexts. The secondary students at the Aba Center benefit from this research's use of collocations to enhance their speaking abilities.
This study investigates 5 the circumstances under which students currently employ collocations in speech. This study also explores how students might improve their speaking abilities by employing collocations. Additionally, this research offers potential methods for students to learn and use English collocations in speaking well in both speaking topics and daily life. From that, students can understand how crucial collocations are to making their speaking skills vibrant and rich in vocabulary during the learning process and in everyday communication.