VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL GRADUATE THESIS LOAN QUALITY FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZEDENTERPRISE (SME) CLIENTS AT JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK FOR FOEREIGN TRADE OF VIET NAM (VIETCOMBANK) - BA DINH BRANCH “Chất lượng cho vay đối với khách hàng doanh nghiệp vùa và nhỏ tại Ngân hàng TMCP Ngoại thương Việt nam (Vietcombank) - Chi nhánh Ba Đình” Major: Financial management Code: 8340202.01QTD Student: NGUYEN XUAN CHIEN Supervisor: DR. TRINH THI PHAN LAN Hanoi, Jan 2024 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank the lecturers, tutors at the International School - the Vietnam National University, Hanoi for lecturing and assisting me during my studies and research. In particular, I express my deepest gratitude to Dr. Trinh Thi Phan Lan for her orientation, support me to complete this thesis.
At the same time, I would like to thank my leaders, colleagues of at Vietcombank-Ba Dinh branch for their enthusiastic support and creating favorable conditions for me to have more useful information to complete this research Hanoi, Jan, 2024 Student Nguyen Xuan Chien i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. i LIST OF TABLES AND CHART. vi Chapter I: INTRODUCTION. The reason of doing the research.
Object and scope of the research:. Expected contribution of research. Structure of thesis .3 Chapter II: THEORETICAL LITERATURE OF LENDING ACTIVITIES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS. Theoretical literature of lending activities of commercial banks.
Some important theoretical concepts related to credit quality include:. The concept of lending activities of commercial banks:. Classification of lending activities of commercial banks. Principles of lending activity:.
The loan’s interest rates. The role of lending activities of commercial banks:. Concepts and characteristics of SMEs. Concepts and characteristics of SMEs.
Factors affecting lending activities to SMEs of commercial banks. The role of improving loan quality for SMEs at commercial banks.1 For the bank: .2 For enterprises borrowing capital: .3 For the economy .10 Chapter III RESEARCH METHOD. Subjects, characteristics of subjects of interviews, surveys .1 Subjects of interview and survey:. Characteristics of the interviewer, survey:.
Collect data and analyze. The criteria of loan’s quality. Content of questionaire. For leaders, managers and credit staffs at Vietcombank Ba Dinh Branch: Debrief the following issues:.
For small and medium enterprise clients who are having credit relationships at Vietcombank -Ba Dinh branch .16 Chapter IV STATUS OF LENDING QUALITY FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM- SIZED ENTERPRISE CLIENTS AT VIETCOMBANK - BA DINH BRANCH. Overview of Vietcombank .1 History of development:. Overview of Vietcombank-Ba Dinh Branch:. Characteristics and operating market of Vietcombank Ba Dinh branch:.
Business activities and current status of SMEs loan quality at Vietcombank -Ba Dinh branch in the period of 2021-2023:. Capital mobilization activity:. Scale, credit structure:. Assessing the SME’s loan’s quality at Vietcombank –Ba Dinh Branch in the period 2021-2023.
Analyzing data through a survey of loan quality for SME clients at Vietcombank - Ba Dinh Branch .1 For credit quality:. Regarding the bank's credit management:. Factors affecting the quality of loans to SME client’s:. The credit managers and staff’s reviews: .45 iii Chapter V SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE LOAN QUALITY FOR SMEs AT VIETCOMBANK- BA DINH BRANCH.
Solutions to improve the loan quality for SMEs at Vietcombank-Ba Dinh branch. Group of solutions for loan quality:. The orientation and goals for improving loan quality of Vietcombank Ba Dinh Branch in the coming period .1 The orientations and goals:. Orientations for improving credit quality in the coming period:.
I iv LIST OF TABLES AND CHART Table 3.1 Subjects of interview and survey .2: A summary of the qualifications and experience of officers working on credit .3: Type and size of SMEs .4: SME’s field of business and duration of credit relationships at the bank13 Table 3.1 Data reflecting the capital mobilization in the period 2021-2023 .2: Data on SME’s credit balance by business sectors .3: Data on SME’s credit balance based on loan’s term .4: Data on SME’s guarantee balance, LC in the period 2021-2023 .5: Data on SME’s revenue from guarantees, LC in the period 2021-2023 .6: Situation of outstanding debt, guarantees and collateral assets in .27 the period of 2021-2023 .7 Credit market share in the period 2021-2023 .8: The relationship between capital mobilization activity and lending in the period 2021-2023 .11: The results of surveys and interviews the credit staffs .12: Study results from interview the leaders, managers and credit staffs.39 v ABSTRACT Lending activities account for the largest proportion in the credit structure of commercial banks in general and Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam - Ba Dinh Branch in particular. Many studies showed that the quality of lending activities has been and is becoming a strategic competitive weapon for banks. Banks are racing to improve the quality of lending services, especially lending services to small and medium-sized enterprises, the main clients of banks. Therefore, focus on evaluating loan quality for SMEs at Foreign Trade Joint Stock Bank – Ba Dinh Branch, based on 2 perspectives: (1) from the bank; (2) from the client - Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and then I propose solutions to improve loan quality for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises at Ba Dinh Branch in the near future.
Keywords: loan quality, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises vi Chapter I: INTRODUCTION 1. The reason of doing the research According to the statistics from the Hanoi Department of Planning and Investment, by the end of the first quarter of 2021, Hanoi had 311,240 enterprises. The number of SMEs account for 97%. Thus, the number of SMEs in Hanoi have been playing an important role in creating jobs and increasing income for workers.
However, the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the operations of enterprises. According to a survey of the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI), there were around 87.2% of the country's enterprises have affected by COVID-19 at strong level, only 11% of enterprises have claimed that they were lucky with the low affected level and nearly 2% of enterprises have reported that they are totally positive. Among enterprises affected by COVID-19, most of them were enterprises have been operating for less than 3 years only or the scale of micro-smaill and small enterprises. The biggest difficulty for these enterprises was reaching clients, affecting cash flow, supply chain.
Therefore, accessing appropriate capital, especially the capital from banks may help SMEs in overcoming the difficulties and to stabilize the operations and improve competitiveness in the market, which is very necessary. On the contrary, the SME market is a potential and profitable market from bank’s lending activity. Since December 31, 2022, the outstanding debt of lending activities at Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam - Ba Dinh Branch reached over VND2,110 billion. The lending activities to small and medium enterprise account for a very high proportion and it is the field of activity that brings in the main source of bank’s revenue.
However, in recent years this activity has encountered many difficulties: competition is increasingly fierce, demand for loans has increased in the context of the Government and State Bank applying tightening credit policies. and in particular, the quality of loans to SME clients has shown signs of decline, causing a great impact on the business performance of Vietcombank - Ba Dinh Branch. 1 With functions and tasks related to preventing and limiting risks in lending activities of banks, especially the task of advising on policy proposals, developing regulations, risk management measures, development plans, improving the quality of lending activities to SME clients are considered legitimate and really necessary reasons to study seriously. Based on the research results, identify factors affecting the quality of loans to the SMEs.
In my position as a Head of Risk Management Department, I chose the topic "Loan quality for SME clients at Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam (Vietcombank) – Ba Dinh Branch” for my graduation thesis. Object and scope of the research: Quality of lending activities for small and medium - sized enterprises (SME) clients - of Vietcombank – Ba Dinh branch. The data for analysis were collected over the past 3 years (2021-2023) at Vietcombank - Ba Dinh branch 1. Research purposes Research focuses on basic issues as follows: - Identify an important role in the quality of lending activities to SMEs clients - for business results of the commercial Banks.
- Analyzing and assessing the status of lending activities for SME clients at Vietcombank – Ba Dinh Branch in recent times. - Propose practical solutions to improve the quality of SME’s loan at Vietcombank – Ba Dinh Branch 1. Research questions: - How is the ability to meet the demand for SMEs loan of Vietcombank – Ba Dinh branch? - How do SME clients evaluate for the tangible tools and facilities of Vietcombank – Ba Dinh Branch? - What about the services skills and attitude at Vietcombank – Ba Dinh branch? 1. Expected contribution of research 1.
In theoretical - Based on the theories to analyze and thereby provide a solution to Vietcombank – 2 Ba Dinh branch. - Research theories of lending activity and loan quality through literature and books 1. In practical - The interviewee is responsible for answering questions asked by the interviewer including: managers and staffs to understand the principles of lending activity. Collect and analyze actual data on lending to small and medium enterprise clients at Vietcombank – Ba Dinh Branch.
- The survey is through consultation, communication of credit staffs working at Vietcomabnk – Ba Dinh Branch on causes affecting the loan quality and in order to propose solutions to improve loan quality for SMEs clients. - Interview the SME clients to understand their needs, difficulties with loans. - Interview some Managers and Heads of Division in the lending operation to get their advice and contributions in improving loan quality for SME clients 1. Structure of thesis The thesis consists of 5 chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Theoretical literature of lending activities of commercial banks Chapter 3.
Research method Chapter 4: Quality of capital Lending Performance for SME clients at Vietcombank Ba Dinh Branch Chapter 5. Propose a solution to improve the quality of SME loans in Vietcombank – Ba Dinh Branch 3 Chapter II: THEORETICAL LITERATURE OF LENDING ACTIVITIES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS 2. Theoretical literature of lending activities of commercial banks 2. Some important theoretical concepts related to credit quality include: - Credit risk: This is the risk that a borrower will fail to make required payments on a loan or debt obligation.
Factors like the borrower's financial strength, cash flow, leverage, and collateral affect credit risk. - Default risk: This is the risk that a borrower will completely fail to repay their debt obligations. Default can occur due to insolvency, illiquidity, or other factors. - Credit ratings: Independent rating agencies evaluate the creditworthiness of borrowers and assign credit ratings that reflect default risk.
Higher rated borrowers have lower expected default probabilities. - Probability of default (PD): This is the statistical likelihood that a borrower will default on their obligations over a given time horizon. PD is a key input in credit risk models. - Loss given default (LGD): This is the percentage of the loan balance that is expected to be lost if the borrower defaults.
LGD is another important credit risk parameter. Besides, there are some added theories such as: - Agency Theory: The relationship between lenders and borrowers can be viewed through an agency lens, where misaligned incentives and monitoring challenges can affect credit quality. The concept of lending activities of commercial banks: Lending is the principal business of commercial banks to generate profits.