Smart Clothing Technology and Applications Human Factors and Ergonomics Series Editor Gavriel Salvendy Professor Emeritus School of Industrial Engineering Purdue University Chair Professor & Head Dept. of Industrial Engineering Tsinghua Univ. China Published Titles Conceptual Foundations of Human Factors Measurement, D. Meister Content Preparation Guidelines for the Web and Information Appliances: Cross-Cultural Comparisons, H.
Salvendy Designing for Accessibility: A Business Guide to Countering Design Exclusion, S. Keates Handbook of Cognitive Task Design, E. Hollnagel The Handbook of Data Mining, N. Ye Handbook of Digital Human Modeling: Research for Applied Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering, V.
Duffy Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care and Patient Safety, P. Carayon Handbook of Human Factors in Web Design, R. Vu Handbook of Standards and Guidelines in Ergonomics and Human Factors, W. Karwowski Handbook of Virtual Environments: Design, Implementation, and Applications, K.
Stanney Handbook of Warnings, M. Wogalter Human-Computer Interaction: Designing for Diverse Users and Domains, A. Jacko Human-Computer Interaction: Design Issues, Solutions, and Applications, A. Jacko Human-Computer Interaction: Development Process, A.
Jacko The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies, and Emerging Applications, Second Edition, A. Jacko Human Factors in System Design, Development, and Testing, D. Enderwick Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics for Engineers, M. Buck Macroergonomics: Theory, Methods and Applications, H.
Kleiner Smart Clothing: Technology and Applications, Gilsoo Cho Theories and Practice in Interaction Design, S. Crampton-Smith The Universal Access Handbook, C. Stephanidis Usability and Internationalization of Information Technology, N. Aykin Smart Clothing Technology and Applications Edited by Gilsoo Cho Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Smart clothing : technology and applications / editor, Gilsoo Cho. -- (Human factors and ergonomics) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4200-8852-6 (hardcover : alk. Clothing and dress--Technological innovations.16--dc22 2009042284 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.com Contents Preface.vii About the Editor.ix List of Contributors.xi Chapter 1 Review and Reappraisal of Smart Clothing.1 Gilsoo Cho, Seungsin Lee, and Jayoung Cho Chapter 2 Designing Technology for Smart Clothing.
37 Joohyeon Lee, Hyun-Seung Cho, Young-Jin Lee, and Ha-Kyung Cho Chapter 3 Standardization for Smart Clothing Technology. 59 Yong Gu Ji and Kwangil Lee Chapter 4 Electro-Textile Interfaces: Textile-Based Sensors and Actuators. 89 Kee Sam Jeong and Sun K. Yoo Chapter 5 Integration of Plastic Optical Fiber into Textile Structures.
115 Moo Sung Lee, Eun Ju Park, and Min-Sun Kim Chapter 6 Hardware and Software Architectures for Electronic Textiles. Jones and Thomas L. Martin Chapter 7 Humanistic Needs as Seeds in Smart Clothing. 153 Sébastien Duval, Christian Hoareau, and Hiromichi Hashizume Chapter 8 Shape Memory Material.
189 Chang Gi Cho Chapter 9 Methods of Evaluation for Wearable Computing. 229 Daniel Ashbrook, Kent Lyons, James Clawson, and Thad Starner v Chapter 10 Fundamentals of and Requirements for Solar Cells and Photovoltaic Textiles. 249 Jong-Hyeok Jeon and Gilsoo Cho Index. 267 Preface The set of chapters contained here offers a unique global view for three reasons.
First, they evoke the whole design cycle of smart clothes. Second, they cover appli- cations for both the general public and professionals. Third, they dig into human aspects as well as technological aspects. This book begins with a review and reappraisal of smart clothing by Gilsoo Cho et al., who provide a global overview by summarizing the international state of the art, identifying challenges, and evoking potential benefits of smart clothing from technological and human perspectives.
Readers can thus get up to date, visualize trends, and glimpse the future. In Chapter 2, Joohyeon Lee et al. discuss the design of technologies for smart clothing, establishing the need for methods significantly differing from traditional ones, presenting a whole theoretical design process, and providing concrete exam- ples. Readers can relate to real cases thanks to arguments based on MP3-player jackets, photonic clothing, and bio-monitoring clothing, systems that manufacturers already commercialize though problems are by no means all solved.
In the following chapter, Yong Gu Ji and Kwangil Lee complement the discus- sion on design processes with a twin discussion on standardization, thus covering a critical aspect of the production and dissemination of smart clothes worldwide. They evoke trends, methods, and strategies worldwide, and detail the cases of South Korea, which is their country as well as the world leader for the production of smart clothing. Readers should value the broad scope of the information provided as well as the separate coverage of clothing and electronics. Chapters 4 and 5 conjointly offer a view of typical enhancing components for smart clothing.
Kee Sam Jeong and Sun K. Yoo present electro-textile interfaces, sensors, and actuators, and then Moo Sung Lee et al. present optical fibers. Thanks to them, the readers should understand the difficulties in choosing materials and designs that simultaneously provide targeted functions, allow a viable and elegant integration into textile and apparel, and maintain the comfort and usability of the final smart clothing in everyday life or for specific activities.
As a by-product of their writing, the authors demonstrate the importance of multidisciplinary collaborations. Reliably and efficiently exploiting combinations of components will often require par- ticular software and hardware architectures, which will differ greatly from those existing for standard computers and multi-function cellular phones. Jones and Thomas L. Martin discuss in their chapter the properties of e-textiles and propose dedicated architectures that are fault-tolerant, power-aware, and concurrently support numerous components.
Although of low importance for simple cases, these aspects appear critical for complex smart clothes, and can influence their whole design. Focusing on potential wearers, Sébastien Duval et al. explore in Chapter 7 origi- nal foundations for a global future in which smart clothes gratify human needs and match human diversity. This unique approach is theoretical and practical, clarifying trends in ubiquitous computing, testing hypotheses based on humanistic psychology vii viii Preface in the Occident and Orient, and arguing for usefulness from birth to old age.
As a result the authors propose a vision based on five key principles. Readers may con- sider the remarkable importance of this initiative: both meaningful starting points and clear methods are lacking to achieve projects of significant societal value, and public support remains uncertain. In Chapter 8, Chang Gi Cho offers a deep view of shape memory materials, which possess great potential for future applications related to comfort, health, and sur- vival, as well as aesthetics and fun, but have so far rarely been embedded into smart clothes. Readers may greatly benefit from the coverage of core aspects of shape memory materials, of a series of materials potentially very useful to design smart clothing, and of the numerous references.
In the following chapter, Daniel Ashbrook et al. sketch methods of evaluation, com- pleting the reflections on the development cycle of smart clothes. Armed with sig- nificant first-hand experience with wearable computers, the authors provide a unique perspective. However, due to the breadth of the scope and uniqueness of their work, they could only outline the spirit in which to carry out evaluations, describe methods, and let readers be creative according to the intended wearers and smart clothes at hand.
In any case, the readers should greatly benefit from this coherent approach, comple- mentary methods, and results based on daily life as well as laboratory experiments. Finally, Jong-Hyeok Jeon and Gilsoo Cho face the thorniest obstacle for the via- bility of smart clothes: the provision of energy. As a solution, they envisage creating photovoltaic textiles, textiles that absorb solar energy to transfer it as electricity to the active components. The authors first introduce the basics of solar cells, then identify milestones for the realization of photovoltaic textiles, and finally compare methods for the production of photovoltaic yarns.
Readers will note that this vision- ary approach requires much research and development, and that success is not guar- anteed. However, this first proposal may help evaluate the feasibility of the project and clarify difficulties. I would like to thank all authors for their willingness to accept my invitation to share their pioneering efforts in this field with the readers, and for their time to pre- pare book chapters with their own thoughts and knowledge. Most of the authors were in the National Research Group of Technology Developments of Smart Clothing for Everyday Life sponsored by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Korea.
I especially thank Professors Tom Martin and Mark Jones at Virginia Tech and Thad Starner at Georgia Tech for their wonderful contribution for this book. Special thanks go to Drs. Sébastien Duval and Jong-Hyeok Jeon for their participation. I am indebted to the outstanding assistance provided by all reviewers of the manuscripts.
Their care- ful reviews and editorial suggestions improved the scientific rigor and clarity of com- munication in the book’s chapters. I also express my gratitude to Jin Young Choi, a researcher of the smart clothing research group, for her endless devotion. I deeply appreciate Professor Gavriel Salvendy for allowing me to edit this book in the Human Factors Book Series. Finally, I want to express my special gratitude to CRC Press for publishing this book.
Gilsoo Cho Yonsei University Seoul, Korea About the Editor Dr. Gilsoo Cho has been a professor in the Department of Clothing and Textiles at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, since 1984. She earned her B. in cloth- ing and textiles at Seoul National University in 1978 and 1980, respectively, and her Ph.
in clothing and textiles at Virginia Tech in 1984. Professor Cho currently focuses her research on the development of smart textiles and clothing. She is one of the Korean pioneers in the field. She successfully men- tored 20 masters students and 7 doctoral students on diverse aspects of textile and apparel science, and has published approximately 90 articles during the last 10 years.
In addition, she led various research projects, notably a 5-year project for the “tech- nological development of smart-wear for future daily life” funded by the Korean Ministry of Knowledge Economics until 2009. She has worked with scholars from several leading universities worldwide as well as partners from Korean industrial companies.