THE STATE BANK OF VIETNAM MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING BANKING ACADEMY ---------- GRADUATION THESIS Title: THE QUALITY OF BANK CREDIT TO SME AT JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK FOR FOREIGN TRADE OF VIETNAM - NGO QUYEN BRANCH LECTURER : ASSOC. NGUYEN THUY DUONG STUDENT : VO THI THANH HAI STUDENT ID : 17A4000157 CLASS : K17CLCNH FACULTY : BANKING Hanoi - 2018 Declaration I declare that this thesis is my own personal effort and has not been submitted before to any institution for assessment purposes. Further, I have acknowledged all sources used and have cited these in the reference section Hanoi, 2018 Vo Thi Thanh Hai 1 Acknowledgement Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor, Assoc. Nguyen Thuy Duong.
She was always willing to support whenever I had a question about my research or writing. She consistently allowed this paper to be my own work, but steered me in the right the direction whenever she thought I needed it. Besides my supervisor, I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents and to my friends for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout my years of study and through the process of researching and writing this thesis. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them.
2 List of Abbreviation CIC Credit Information Center IT Information technology GDP Gross domestic production KPI Key performance indicator L/C Letter of credit SME Small and medium enterprise VCB Vietcombank VINASME Vietnam Association of Small and Medium Enterprises 3 List of table Table 1: The classification of SMEs according to Decree No.15 Table 2: Capital mobilization of Ngo Quyen branch .37 Table 3: The outstanding loans classified by sectors .40 Table 4: The outstanding loans of classified by term .42 Table 5: The report on international payment transactions .42 Table 6: The ratio of SMEs having NPLs .52 Table 7: Unrecovered debt of SMEs ratio at Ngo Quyen branch .53 Table 8: The ratio of credit concentration on SMEs .55 4 List of figure Figure 1: The mobilized capital in Ngo Quyen branch (2016) .38 Figure 2: Total outstanding loans of Ngo Quyen branch .40 Figure 3: Outstanding loans of classified by currency .41 Figure 4: Profit before tax in Ngo Quyen branch .44 Figure 5: The credit granting process in Viecombank .45 Figure 6: The working fields of SMEs at Ngo Quyen branch .47 Figure 7: SMEs‟ loans in different terms at Ngo Quyen branch .48 Figure 8: SMEs‟ loans in USD and VND at Ngo Quyen branch .48 Figure 9: Loan growth rate of SMEs in Ngo Quyen branch .49 Figure 10: Overdue debt ratio of SMEs in Ngo Quyen branch .50 Figure 11: NPLs ratio of SMEs in Ngo Quyen branch .51 Figure 12 : SMEs‟ NPL to total NPL ratio in Ngo Quyen branch .52 Figure 13: Collateral coverage ratio of SMEs in Ngo Quyen branch .53 Figure 14: The general information about customers .56 Figure 15 : The data about customers‟ first impresstion of Ngo Quyen branch .57 Figure 16 : Opinion of customers about bankers at Ngo Quyen branch .58 Figure 17: Customers‟ opinion about credit policies at Ngo Quyen branch.58 Figure 18: Customers‟ opinion about credit procedures at Ngo Quyen branch .59 Figure 19 : Customers‟ opinion about interest rate at Ngo Quyen branch .60 Figure 20: Customers‟ opinion about credit products at Ngo Quyen branch .60 Figure 21: Customers‟ opinion on easy access to loan at Ngo Quyen branch .63 Figure 22: Customers‟ opinion on the credit process at Ngo Quyen branch .64 Figure 23: Customers‟ opionion about the interest rate at Ngo Quyen branch .65 5 Table of content INTRODUCTION. Rationale of the thesis. Aims of the study. Subject and scope of the study .12 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ON THE QUALITY OF BANK CREDIT TO SME.
Theoretical background on SMEs. Definition and classification criteria of SMEs. The role of SMEs in the economy. Theoretical background on bank credit to SME.
Definition and types of credit to SMEs. Roles of bank credit to SMEs. Theoretical background on the quality of credit to SMEs. Definition of the quality of credit to SMEs.
Measures of the quality of bank credit to SMEs. Objectives of the quality of credit to SMEs. Factors affecting the credit quality .29 Conclusion of chapter 1 .33 CHAPTER 2: BANK CREDIT TO SMES AT NGO QUYEN BRANCH .1 The overview of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam - Ngo Quyen branch .1 The development history of VCB - Ngo Quyen branch .2 The organization structure .3 Business performance of Ngo Quyen branch. Bank credit activities in Joint stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam - Ngo Quyen branch.
Bank credit to SMEs process at Vietcombank. The features of SMEs at Ngo Quyen branch. Current quality of bank credit to SMEs in Ngo Quyen branch. Assessment of credit quality to SMEs in Ngo Quyen branch .61 Conclusion of chapter 2.
The orientation of Ngo Quyen branch to develop SMEs‟ bank credit. Solutions to enhance the quality of bank credit to SMEs at Ngo Quyen branch. Improve the quality of appraisal and conduct inspection strictly after credit granting. Develop a rational credit policy for SMEs.
Improve the quality of SMEs‟ credit information. Recruit talented staff and run regular training programs. Apply key performance indicators system. Apply marketing methods.
Develop financial advisory services and organize information networks to support SMEs. Recommendation for the Government. Recommendation for the State Bank of Vietnam. Recommendations for Vietnam Association of Small and Medium Enterprises.
Recommendation for Vietcombank .77 Conclusion of chapter 3. Rationale of the thesis SMEs have become an important contributor to the socio-economic development of our country. They utilize local resources such as raw materials, create job opportunities and contribute significantly to GDP of Vietnam. As a result, SMEs have attracted exclusive concerns and greatly supportive policies from the government, ministries, national and international organizations.
On the other hand, most of SMEs still always find difficulties in the production process because of backward technology and poor management. The main reason for those problems of SMEs is their poor access to capital as they often struggle to meet the conditions of bank loans and inefficiently utilize capitals. This greatly limits the growth of SMEs in Vietnam. While the current credit to this areas is limit, the highly demand of SMEs for capital to expand business, invest on technological innovation and the increasing number of start-ups have made a promising market for commercial banks.
Therefore, commercial banks need to focus more on SMEs with a suitable strategy to develop potential targets; however, this investment can be risky as the huge number of SMEs lack management ability and have a shortage of skilled labor. From that point of view and the credit status of SMEs at Ngo Quyen branch, I chose the subject: „The quality of bank credit to SME at Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam - Ngo Quyen branch’. Literature review Allen N. Berger and Gregory F.
Udell (1990) pointed out the relationship between asset security and credit quality. The study clarifies two major issues including whether the lowest-risk or the highest risk borrowers would pledge collateral and whether secured loans (as opposed to secured borrowers) tend to be safer or riskier 8 than unsecured loans. Empirical evidences here suggests that collateral is often associated with riskier borrowers, riskier loans and riskier banks. This study gives the author a thorough look into collateral and its relationship with the quality of the loan, the risk of lending with collateral.
It is of importance to measure the credit quality of the bank and make sound recommendations. Burak Guner Bank (2007) assessed loan opportunities, credit quality and analysed credit portfolios. The study implies that the wide range of credit products leads to risk diversification. The study also examines the close link among credit standards that depend on the external factors of potential borrowers.
Those researches on general credit standards of Western banks are beneficial for the development of commercial banks in Vietnam. According to Robert Addlestone, Stephan Cowan and Glen Bullivant (2014), poor credit control and bad debts are often responsible for undermining many a successful business, therefore it is important for businesses to ensure that they have an effective system in place for keeping credit risk to a minimum, while being aware of debt recovery procedures in the event of non-payment of invoices. The study also addresses relevant legal issues such as debt recovery legislation, guidelines and controls on loans. It includes lending guidelines for new customers, how to maintain and increase the loan limit for small businesses and conditions to attract large customers.
Bogdan Florin Filip (2015) evaluated the quality of bank loans in the context of globalization in Romania and EU between 2000 and 2012. He analyse the concept of loan quality, bad debt (NPLs) and their reverse relationship. By examining the model, the author showed the correlation between bad debt and GDP growth, inflation rate, unemployment rate and emphasized the importance of improving credit quality. 9 Paula Hill (2009) investigated agency variation in credit quality assessment (Standard and Poor‟s vs.
Fitch) employing sovereign ratings data for 129 countries from 1990 to 2006. Several variables have varying importance in explaining ratings across agencies which shows material heterogeneity exists between them. Also, while watch and outlook procedures are generally strong predictors of rating changes relative to other public data, additional significant variables suggest that it might be possible to augment these agency data to provide better forecasts of future rating changes. The research on credit rating is an essential source of information for commercial banks to self-rate, and improve their quality to adapt the international standard.
It also guides and encourages commercial banks to upgrade the quality of the credit. Nguyen Huu Duong (2002) presented the method of businesses‟ credit rating to apply at the credit information center. This study states the importance of the development of credit information system. He suggested detail methods to rate businesses, to measure the financial situation of a company, created a scoring scale and sorted enterprises into 9 types.
The research also emphasizes limits on the selection of indicators to analyse as well as the approach mainly focuses on financial conditions of firms. This is the first study on credit rating; however, the assessment of businesses is not objective as it could not evaluate comprehensively all aspects. Nguyen Van Hung (2003) made a basic argument about safety regulations in lending of commercial banks, which was based on the assessment on the status ò Vietnam. The author has studied the legal documents of lending activities from commercial banks, which were working in the process of building and improving under the pressure of international economic integration, to contribute to improve the quality of lending activities of the banking sector.
10 Nguyen Huu Huan (2005) studied and clarified the views on the quality of banking in three aspects: customer, commercial bank and socio-economy. The combination of the study and analyses on the actual operations help the author to propose solutions to improve the business quality of VCB. Nguyen Trong Hoa (2009) systematized theories and practices of the credit rating. The thesis applied and learned from previous research and the real status of Vietnam to find out the flaws in the credit rating and its causes.
He built the credit rating model of Vietnamese enterprises, and then gave a number of solutions to renovate the method of credit rating. Lam Chi Dung and Phan Dinh Anh (2009) used the KMV-MERTON model to quantify credit risk through the following measures: the ratio of maximum loan and collateral value, borrowers‟ purposes of using capital and the number of times they using assets as collateral. In this study, the author quantified the credit risk based on collateral.