ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP. HCM TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA NGUYEN HỮU THAN MO HÌNH HOA VATHIET KE BỘ DIEU KHIỂN MO HINH BALLBOT MODELING AND DESIGN OF CONTROLLER FOR BALLBOT Chuyên ngành : Ky thuật Co điện tử Mã so: 60 52 01 14 LUẬN VÁN THẠC SĨ TP. HỎ CHÍ MINH, tháng 12 năm 2017 CÔNG TRÌNH ĐƯỢC HOÀN THÀNH TẠI TRUONG ĐẠI HOC BACH KHOA —DHQG -HCM Cán bộ hướng dẫn khoa hoc: PGS. Bùi Trọng Hiểu (Ghi rõ họ, tên, học hàm, học vị và chữ ký) Cán bộ cham nhận xét 1: TS.
Phan Tấn Tung (Ghi rõ ho, tên, hoc ham, học vi va chữ ky) Cán bộ cham nhận xét 2: PGS. Nguyễn Phùng Hung (Ghi rõ họ, tên, học hàm, học vị và chữ ký) Luận văn Thạc sĩ được bảo vệ tại Trường Dai hoc Bách Khoa, DHQG Tp. HCM ngày 21 tháng 12 năm 2017 Thanh phan Hội đồng đánh giá luận văn Thạc sĩ gồm: (Ghi rõ ho, tên, học ham, học vi của Hội đồng cham bảo vệ luận văn thạc si) 1. Nguyễn Tan Tiến 2.
Phùng Trí Công 3. Phan Tan Tùng 4. Nguyễn Phùng Hưng 5. Nguyễn Duy Anh Xác nhận của Chủ tịch Hội đồng đánh giá LV và Trưởng Khoa quản lý chuyên ngành sau khi luận văn đã được sửa chữa (nêu có).
CHỦ TỊCH HỘI ĐÔNG TRƯỞNG KHOA CƠ KHÍ TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA CỘNG HOÀ XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHIÃ VIỆT NAM KHOA: CƠ KHI Độc Lập - Tự Do - Hạnh Phúc ---------------- ---oQO--- Tp. HCM, ngày 10 tháng 07 năm 2017 NHIEM VỤ LUẬN VAN THẠC SĨ Họ và tên học viên : NGUYÊN HỮU THAN Phá : Nam Ngày, tháng, năm sinh: 16/07/1992 Nơi sinh: Bình Định Chuyên ngành: Kỹ thuật Cơ điện tử MSHV : 1570630 1- TÊN ĐÈ TÀI: MÔ HINH HÓA VÀ THIET KE BỘ DIEU KHIEN MÔ HÌNH BALLBOT MODELING AND DESIGN OE CONTROL FOR BALLBOT 2- NHIEM VỤ LUẬN VAN: - Nghiên cứu tổng quan về robot một bánh hình cầu (Ballbot). - Mô hình hóa hệ thông Ballbot. - Thiết kế bộ điều khiển mô hình Ballbot dùng NMPC (Nonlinear Model Predictive Control) - Mô phỏng và đánh giá kết quả.
3- NGÀY GIAO NHIỆM VỤ: 10-07-2017 4- NGÀY HOÀN THÀNH NHIỆM VỤ: 04-12-2017 5- HO VÀ TÊN CAN BỘ HƯỚNG DAN (Ghi day đủ học ham, hoc vi): PGS. Bùi Trọng Hiểu Nội dung và đề cương Luận văn Thạc sĩ đã được Hội Đồng Chuyên Ngành thông qua. CAN BỘ HƯỚNG DAN CHỦ NHIỆM BỘ MÔN KHOA QL CHUYEN NGÀNH (Ho tén va chit ky) QUAN LY CHUYEN NGANH (Ho tén va chit ky) (Ho tên và chữ ký) Za PGS. Bui Trong Hiéu COMMITMENT I guarantee that this thesis is taken by myself.
All the results which are conducted from the simulation was created in the thesis are not found from any other research. Ho Chi Minh City, December 2017 Nguyen Huu Than ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank a number of people who have suppoted and helped me while I was doing this thesis. Firstly, | would like to send my gratefulness to Prof. Bui Trong Hieu who is my supervisor for this thesis.
Whenever I had trouble with my thesis, he always gave me some helpful suggestion to overcome the problem. Moreover, his professional and friendly way of support made me more confident to complete this thesis. Many thanks to all the lecturers who gave the lecture to me. The knowledge that I was studied was very useful.
That made me do this thesis easier Finally, I would like to thank all of my friends and family members who always believed in me and supported me to complete this thesis. Ho Chi Minh City, December 2017 Nguyen Huu Than ABSTRACT Ballbot is a balancing mobile robot which achieves a full range of movement by rolling the ball, and it can work flexibility and freely in narrow areas. In this paper, a model of the Ballbot is derived from Langrange method. In addition, a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) is designed for the planar model to control the behavior of the Ballbot.
Computer simulations are conducted for illustration of the effectiveness of the propose control method. li TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. HH n HH ng ng | 1. Background and Motivation.
-- - - - - -c c9 HH HH ng re l 1. HH ng ng nọ ng nh 3 1. - -- - c1 1v ST Họ He 3 1. Structure of the fl€SIS.
-- - - GGQQ HS HH Họ ng ke 3 CHAPTER 2. MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE PLANAR SYSTEM. Model in the YOZ pÌane. Modeling in the XOY plane.- - -- - HH ng ki 13 CHAPTER 3.- HH HH nghe.
The Principle of Nonlinear Model Predictive ControÏL. NMPC Mathematical FormulafiOIi. Advantages and Disadvantages of NMPC. HH ng re 23 3.
Apply NMPC to the Ball bot .- 1 1321111923119 ng ng ngư 24 3. Moving from point to point without obstacle. Moving from Point to Point with an obsfacÌe. Point to Point.
Point to Point with an obsfaCÏ€. -- -- - - 2c Q12 SH ng ng ngu 31 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS 00000 eeeeeeees 37 5. - - - G0 ng nọ 41 BiB.
NMPC law Ta. Stability of NMPCoo. The 21* International Conference on Mechatronics Technology Paper. 49 1H LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Driving Mechanism of CMU Ballbot [1] .2: The structure of the second kind of Ballbot [2 ].3: Driving Mechanism of TGU Ballbot | Ổ |.1: Three planar mOdeÌS.2: Sketch of the planar model .3: Sketch of the planar model with the contact point .4: Planar model in XOY plane .1: The principle of NMPC .--G Ăn ng re 19 Figure 3.2: Piecewise constant input signal .3: Block diagram of the NMIPC.
-- - SH re 25 Figure 4.1: Simulation of @X and (0.2: Simulation Of 9X and OY .3: Control input TX and TÏ.4: The trajectory of Balo. --- HH re 29 Figure 4.5: The trajectory at the destination. nọ re 30 Figure 4.7: Control input TZ .8: Control input in the real SSf€I.9: Simulation of PX aNd 0.10: Simulation of X and OY .11: Control input TX and ÏÏ. --- «<< 9900 ng re 33 Figure 4.12: The trajectory of BallO(.-- ng re 33 Figure 4.13: The comparison between the trajectory of Ballbot without and with 910 21.
-- - «G0000 0 nọ re 34 Figure 4.15: Control input TZ .16: The comparison Of TÏÏ .- c0 ng re 35 Figure 4.17: The comparison Of T2 .- «c0 ng re 36 Figure 4.18: The comparison Of T3 .1: Torque and tangential forces generated by the real actuating system .39 1V LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: The parameters of BallOf. --- 1333110100110 1n ng vớ7 Table 2.2: The parameters of Ballbot in XOY plane. Background and Motivation Ballbot is a mobile robot consist of a body balancing on a spherical wheel. The spherical wheel can make the robot move in any directions.
The concept of it is very similar to an inverted pendulum. There are two kinds of Ballbot. The first one uses driving roller for operator. Take CMU Ballbot [1], which is illustrated in figure 1, for instance, two perpendicular driving rollers are used, each driven by a DC servomotor through a belt.
Opposite each driving roller, two spring-loaded idling rollers are used to locate the ball [1]. On the other hand, the second kind uses the omni-directional wheels. The structure of it is Shown in figure 2 [2]. There are two main parts of this kind: the driving body and driven ball.
The driving body is composed of the driving mechanism, the attitude acquisition, the wireless transmission, the battery and the motor drive, etc. The driving mechanism is composed of electric motor and the omni-directional wheels [2]. servomotor———EH[f* “K\( +4 —<2— motor encoders ~ : ball transfers (3) drive roller idler roller — ball idler encoders — Figure 1.1; Driving Mechanism of CMU Ballbot [1] Chapter 1. Introduction The > Driving Body The > Driven Ball TGU [3] is one example for the second kind.
The use of stepper motors in the TGU system allow for precise control, and remove the need of an encoder, which is required for the servomotors used in the CMU system. Furthermore, this also reduces the complexity of the driving circuit. This, however, comes at a computational cost to controller, which is much more complicated for the three-wheel drive. This thesis focus on the second kind.
There are a lot of controllers based on different theories apply to the second kind of Ballbot. However, all of the theories above have to linearization the nonlinear equations. This thesis uses the Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC), which is not needed to linearization to design a controller for Ballbot. Moreover, it can deal with the input saturation as well Chapter 1.
Introduction as the constraints of the state. It also suitable for the optimal problems that I want to overcome in this thesis. Thesis Objectives This thesis has three purposes: e Firstly, three planar models in XOY, XOZ, and YOZ are illustrated by using Lagrange method. Then, a mathematical model of the Ballbot is created based on those three.
e The second task is design a controller for the model which is made in the first part. In this thesis, the Nonlinear Model Predictive Control is used. The NMPC is designed for two different goals. The first task is control Ballbot to move from a point to another while minimizing the cost function.
The second task is a little bit more complicated. An obstacle is put on the way of Ballbot. Therefore, it need to avoid the obstacle while moving to the destication. e After designing the controller, I need to be tested by either simulation or experiment.
In this thesis, the controller is only implemented to a simulation environment to test the Ballbot’s behaviors. Thesis Contributions e Apply anew control theory to the Ballbot. e Looking for a new application for NMPC. Structure of the thesis The thesis can be divided into five chapters.
The first one is Introduction. The second chapter is Mathematical model for planar system which is about how to conduct the mathematical model of the Ballbot. After that I studied about NMPC and Chapter 1. Introduction how it can apply to the Ballbot in Design Controller.
The results are discussed in Simulation Results, followed by Conclusions and Future Works. Mathematical model for the planar system CHAPTER 2. MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE PLANAR SYSTEM 2. Model description The three-dimensional system is divided into three planar models where each can be described in two degree of freedom (DoF): e | DoF for the rotation of the ball.
e | DoF for the rotation of the body. The propulsion system is modelled as one virtual wheel which is not the same position and does not have the same speed as the omniwheels in the real system. Therefore, conversions are needed. Assumptions In the planar system model, three planar models are treated as three independent model.
It means there is no coupling effect among three of them. Two of them (the model in XOZ plane and YOZ plane) are very similar to each other. The third one Chapter 2. Mathematical model for the planar system which is shown on the right side of the Figure 2 describes the rotation about the z- axis.
The system is assumed to consist of three rigid bodies: the ball, the virtual wheel and the body. Additionally, these assumptions are made: e The contact points between the ball and the ground and between the wheels and the ball are assumed to be free of slippage. e The friction is neglected except for the rotation of the ball on the ground around the z-axis.