MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF BANKING GRADUATION THESIS FACTORS AFFECTING INDIVIDUAL CUSTOMERS’ CHOICES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS TO BORROW: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN HO CHI MINH CITY MAJOR: FINANCE – BANKING CODE: 7 34 02 01 NGUYEN DUY NAM LONG HO CHI MINH CITY, 2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF BANKING GRADUATION THESIS FACTORS AFFECTING INDIVIDUAL CUSTOMERS’ CHOICES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS TO BORROW: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN HO CHI MINH CITY MAJOR: FINANCE – BANKING CODE: 7 34 02 01 Student’s full name: NGUYEN DUY NAM LONG Student’s ID: 050607190242 Class: HQ7-GE04 SUPERVISOR NGUYEN THI MY HANH, PHD ii HO CHI MINH CITY, 2023 i ABSTRACT The research topic is about “Factors affecting individual customers’ choices of commercial banks to borrow: an empirical study in Ho Chi Minh City” from 2022 to 2023. The study conducted a survey involving 652 individuals residing in Ho Chi Minh City that needed to borrow money from commercial banks. Based on the collected data, a range of quantitative methods were employed, including descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis, correlation matrix, and ordinary least squares (OLS) modeling to determine the optimal model. The results revealed that out of the seven factors, all seven factors significantly influenced individual customers‟ choices of commercial banks to borrow.
These factors included interest rate (IR), service quality (SQ), loan policy (LP), convenience (C), fees and insurance (FI), reputation and brand (RB), influence of relatives and friends (IRF). Among them, the interest rate factor had the strongest impact on the dependent variable, while the convenience factor had the least influence. Additionally, except for education level, other study sample characteristics did not affect the choice of commercial banks for borrowing. Based on the experimental results, the author provided recommendations related to each identified factor to improve personal credit quality, attract new customers, retain existing customers, and increase profitability for commercial banks.
Moreover, the author hoped that this research would serve as a high-quality reference for future studies and a valuable resource for practical application in the banking sector. Key words: Individual Customers, Individual Loans, Borrowing Decisions, Factors Influencing Choices, Commercial Banks, Ho Chi Minh City. ii TÓM TẮT Đề tài nghiên cứu “Các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến việc lựa chọn các ngân hàng thương mại của các khách hàng cá nhân để vay tiền: một nghiên cứu thực nghiệm tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh” trong giai đoạn 2022-2023. Bài nghiên cứu này đã tiến hành khảo sát 652 đối tượng đang sinh sống trên địa bàn thành phố Hồ Chí Minh đã, đang và sẽ có nhu cầu vay tiền tại các ngân hàng thương mại.
Dựa trên các dữ liệu thu thập được, một loạt các phương pháp định lượng được sử dụng bao gồm: thống kê mô tả, kiểm định đa cộng tuyến, ma trận tương quan, mô hình bình phương tối thiểu (OLS) để cho ra mô hình tối ưu nhất. Kết quả cho thấy có 7 trong số 7 nhân tố có ảnh hưởng tới quyết định lựa chọn ngân hàng thương mại để vay tiền là: lãi suất (IR), chất lượng dịch vụ (SQ), chính sách cho vay (LP), sự tiện lợi (C), các loại phí và bảo hiểm (FI), danh tiếng và thương hiệu (RB), sự ảnh hưởng của người thân và bạn bè (IRF). Trong đó, nhân tố lãi suất có ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ nhất tới biến phụ thuộc trong khi nhân tố sự tiện lợi ít có tác động nhất. Bên cạnh đó, ngoại trừ trình độ học vấn, các tính chất khác của mẫu nghiên cứu không có ảnh hưởng đến sự lựa chọn ngân hàng thương mại để vay tiền.
Dựa trên kết quả thực nghiệm thu được, tác giả đã đề xuất những khuyến nghị liên quan tới từng nhân tố đã nêu nhằm cải thiện chất lượng tín dụng cá nhân để thu hút khách hàng mới, giữ chân khách hàng cũ cũng như tăng lợi nhuận cho các ngân hàng thương mại. Đồng thời, tác giả cũng mong muốn bài nghiên cứu này sẽ trở thành nguồn tài liệu tham khảo chất lượng cho các nghiên cứu liên quan sau này và trở thành nguồn tư liệu quý giá được các ngân hàng áp dụng vào thực tiễn. Từ khóa: Khách hàng cá nhân, Tín dụng cá nhân, Quyết định vay tiền, Những yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến sự lựa chọn, Ngân hàng thương mại, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. iii AUTHOR’S DECLARATION My name is Nguyen Duy Nam Long, a student studying the high-quality program at HQ7-GE04 class at Ho Chi Minh City University of Banking.
I hereby declare that the thesis titled "Factors affecting individual customers' choices of commercial banks to borrow: An empirical study in Ho Chi Minh City" is an independent research work conducted solely by myself. The data and research findings were collected, analyzed, and presented honestly and objectively. The entire content and research results have not been previously published in any other studies. Ho Chi Minh City, August 2023 Nguyen Duy Nam Long iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Ph.
Nguyen Thi My Hanh, for her unwavering support and guidance throughout my graduate thesis preparation. Her knowledge and wisdom have been invaluable in shaping my work. I would also like to express my appreciation to all the faculty members at Ho Chi Minh City University of Banking. Your valuable experience and knowledge have played a significant role in my learning journey and the completion of this thesis.
Given the constraints of time and my personal limitations in expertise and knowledge, I acknowledge that this work may contain imperfections. Therefore, I welcome any constructive feedback from my teachers, as it will be highly appreciated. Lastly, I send my best wishes to all the lecturers at Ho Chi Minh City University of Banking. May you continue to enjoy good health and perseverance in your noble mission of educating and nurturing future generations.
v TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. ix LIST OF FIGURES .x LIST OF TABLES. Rationale of the study. Research subject and research scope.
Contribution of the study. Structure of the study .4 CONCLUSIONS OF CHAPTER 1. Overview of commercial banks and individual loans. Consumer behavior and the decision-making process.
The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) .14 CONCLUSIONS OF CHAPTER 2. Bank Reputation and Brand. The Influence of Relatives and Friends.
Fees and Insurance. Detail about data analysis process. Descriptive statistics analysis. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient.
Exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Pearson correlation analysis. Linear regression analysis. Independent Sample T-Test and One-Way ANOVA.
Independent Sample T-Test. One-Way ANOVA .41 CONCLUSIONS OF CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Descriptive statistics of the sample and variables.
Descriptive statistics of the sample. Descriptive statistics of variables. Check the reliability of the scale and factor analysis. Check the reliability of the scale.
Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Regression analysis and model testing. Regression analysis and model evaluation. The impact of sample characteristics on the dependent variable .83 CONCLUSIONS OF CHAPTER 4.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Implementing reasonable interest rates. Improving the quality and style of service of banks staff. Formulating simple loan procedures.
Enhancing banks‟ reputation and brand. Focusing on relatives and friends of customers. Convenience of accessing and repaying loans. Reducing lending fees and restricting insurance sales.
Limitations and further research directions. Limitations of the study. Future research directions .94 CONCLUSIONS OF CHAPTER 5 .97 LIST OF APPENDICES .101 ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations Meaning ANOVA Analysis Of Variance EFA Exploratory Factor Analysis KMO Kaiser – Meyer – Olkin OLS Ordinary Least Squares TPB Theory of Planned Behaviour TRA Theory of Reasoned Action VIF Variance Inflation Factor x LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) .2: The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) .4: Required sample size corresponding to a specific level of factor loading .1: Gender and age groups of survey participants .2: Work status, income and education level .5: Histogram of residual values .6: Normal P-P Plot of Regression Standardized Residual .84 xi LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Descriptive statistics of variables .2: Reliability of the scale.3: KMO and Bartlett test results (I).4: Total Variance Explained (I) .5: Results of rotated component matrix (I) .6: KMO and Bartlett test results (II) .7: Total Variance Explained (II) .8: Results of rotated component matrix (II) .9: KMO and Bartlett test results (III) .10: Total Variance Explained (III) .11: Results of rotated component matrix (III) .12: KMO and Bartlett test results.13: Total Variance Explained .19: The degree of influence of 7 factors .20: Conclusion of the hypothesis .22: Independent Samples Test (Gender) .24: Test of Homogeneity of Variances (Age) .27: Test of Homogeneity of Variances (Work status).30: Test of Homogeneity of Variances (Education level) .33: Test of Homogeneity of Variances (Residency status) .36: Test of Homogeneity of Variances (Income) .39: Test of Homogeneity of Variances (Borrowing purposes). Rationale of the study It is undeniable that the banking system plays a vital role in the allocation of capital within the economy, one such important role of commercial banks is that they serve as a conduit for transferring surplus funds in the form of deposits from entities to those in need of capital through borrowing.
Among these activities, lending holds significant importance as it not only facilitates economic development by providing funds for production and business purposes to organizations and individuals but also serves as a primary revenue source for commercial banks. Historically, most commercial banks in Vietnam primarily focused on lending to corporate customers; however, there has been a notable shift towards lending to individual customers in recent times. This shift is due to the higher risks and complexities associated with lending to businesses. On the other hand, lending to individual customers tends to involve lower risks and simpler procedures.
Moreover, lending to individual customers often yields higher profits, as they are subjected to higher interest rates and can be offered multiple financial products like insurance through cross-selling opportunities. Until now, there have been only a few studies in Vietnam that have examined the factors influencing individual customers' choices of banks for borrowing. Notable examples include the research conducted by Thinh & My (2021), Hai & Hoang (2022), Loc, Ha & Ky (2022), etc. However, most of these studies are limited to specific banks, and currently, only one study by Thinh & My (2021) focused on commercial banks in general within the Ho Chi Minh City area.
Given the scarcity of studies directly related to the topic, conducting similar research to enhance accuracy is highly necessary. As the Vietnamese economy continues to develop, the demand for credit increases, particularly for individual customers living in Ho Chi Minh City, known as the country's economic center. Besides, with 53 domestic and foreign commercial 2 banks in this city competing fiercely to attract and seek borrowing customers, it is crucial to study and identify the factors influencing individual customers' decisions in choosing a bank for borrowing. To gain insights into the psychology and needs of borrowing of individual customers, the author has chosen the research topic “Factors affecting individual customers‟ choices of commercial banks to borrow: An empirical study in Ho Chi Minh City.
Research objective The study aimed to investigate factors that influence individual customers' choices of commercial banks to borrow in Ho Chi Minh City. Research questions In line with the objectives highlighted above, the two specific research questions were formulated as follows: RQ1: What are the main factors that affect individual customers‟ choices of commercial banks to borrow in Ho Chi Minh City? RQ2: To what extent do those factors affect individual customers‟ choices of commercial banks to borrow in Ho Chi Minh City? 1.