VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY VO MINH TAI PASSIVITY-BASED CONTROL OF ROTATIONAL INVERTED PENDULUM SYSTEM Major: Control Engineering and Automation Major code: 8520216 MASTER’S THESIS HO CHI MINH CITY, 06/2024 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY VO MINH TAI PASSIVITY-BASED CONTROL OF ROTATIONAL INVERTED PENDULUM SYSTEM Major: Control Engineering and Automation Major code: 8520216 MASTER’S THESIS HO CHI MINH CITY, 06/2024 THIS THESIS IS COMPLETED AT HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY – VNU-HCM Supervisor 1: Associate Professor, Doctor Duong Hoai Nghia Supervisor 2: Doctor Nguyen Vinh Hao Examiner 1: Doctor Nguyen Trong Tai Examiner 2: Associate Professor, Doctor Nguyen Thanh Phuong This master’s thesis is defended at HCM City University of Technology, VNU- HCM City on 07/06/2024 Master’s Thesis Committee: 1. Chairman: Associate Professor, Doctor Huynh Thai Hoang 2. Secretary: Doctor Tran Ngoc Huy 3. Examiner 1: Doctor Nguyen Trong Tai 4.
Examiner 2: Associate Professor, Doctor Nguyen Thanh Phuong 5. Commissioner: Associate Professor, Doctor Nguyen Ngoc Son Approval of the Chair of Master’s Thesis Committee and Dean of Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering after the thesis being corrected (If any). CHAIR OF THESIS COMMITTEE DEAN OF FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HO CHI MINH CITY SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Independence – Freedom - Happiness THE TASK SHEET OF MASTER’S THESIS Full name: VO MINH TAI Student ID: 2170717 Date of birth: 17/08/1998 Place of birth: HCMC Major: Control Engineering and Automation Major ID: 8520216 I. THESIS TITLE (In Vietnamese): ĐIỀU KHIỂN DỰA VÀO TÍNH THỤ ĐỘNG CHO HỆ THỐNG CON LẮC NGƯỢC QUAY II.
THESIS TITLE (In English): PASSIVITY-BASED CONTROL OF ROTATIONAL INVERTED PENDULUM SYSTEM III. TASKS AND CONTENTS: • We conduct a study on utilizing GA for the identification of RIP system parameters. Following the parameter identification, we employ conventional LQR to assess the qualified parameters. • Design and control of rotational inverted pendulum using passivity-based swing-up control - linear quadratic regulator.
• Design and control of rotational inverted pendulum using sliding mode control combined energy-based method - linear quadratic regulator. • Comparative study between passivity-based swing-up control - linear quadratic regulator and sliding mode control combined energy-based method - linear quadratic regulator. • Control of rotational inverted pendulum using passivity-based control. THESIS START DAY: 04/09/2023 V.
THESIS COMPLETION DAY: 10/06/2024 VI. Duong Hoai Nghia; Dr. Nguyen Vinh Hao Ho Chi Minh City, date 10/06/2024 SUPERVISOR 1 SUPERVISOR 2 HEAD OF DEPARTMENT (Full name and signature) (Full name and signature) (Full name and signature) DEAN OF FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (Full name and signature) i Acknowledgements I would like to begin by expressing my sincere appreciation to my dedicated supervisors, Assoc. Duong Hoai Nghia and Dr.
Nguyen Vinh Hao. Their unwavering guidance, assistance, and support were instrumental throughout my Master’s journey. I am truly grateful for their efforts, patience, and encouragement, without which the completion of this work would have been unattainable. Special thanks go to Dr.
Nguyen Van Dong Hai for his consistent support and encouragement. I extend my gratitude to Mrs. Le Thi Thanh Minh, former manager at Intel Products Vietnam, for her encouragement and warm hospitality. I also want to express my thanks to the staff at the School of Science, Engineering and Technology (SSET), RMIT University Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, for their continuous encouragement and support.
My heartfelt thanks go to my beloved family for their unwavering support and encouragement. I appreciate the encouragement from my friends, including Tran Minh Duc, Tran Hoang Minh and Le Nguyen Phan Long. Finally, I acknowledge the support in terms of time and facilities provided by Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), VNU-HCM, for this study. ii Abstract (in English) Underactuated systems include various types such as the inverted pendulum, rotary in- verted pendulum, pendubot, ball and beam, and others.
These systems are employed in control engineering to validate different control methods, including linear control (such as the industry-standard proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and linear quadratic regulator (LQR)), nonlinear control (such as sliding mode control and backstepping), intelligent control, adaptive control, and more. This thesis focuses on two main tasks: parameter identification and control of an underactuated system. The rotary inverted pendulum (RIP) is used to implement and validate these tasks. For parameter identi- fication, we explore the use of the genetic algorithm (GA) to determine system param- eters based on experimental setup.
Regarding the control of underactuated system, we design two types of controllers: swing-up control, and balancing control. In terms of swing-up control, we develop passivity-based swing-up control (PBSC) and sliding mode control combined energy-based method (SMCCEBM). In terms of balancing con- trol, we focus on linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and passivity-based control (PBC). Later, we concentrate on developing two switching controllers which are PBSC-LQR and SMCCEBM-LQR.
The performance of system is compared and discussed in this thesis to highlight the superior performance of the system with PBSC-LQR compared to SMCCEBM-LQR. Besides, balancing control using PBC and LQR are also validated and discussed in this work. All research outcomes are achieved through the use of Matlab/Simulink software and experimentation with an actual RIP. The system’s output is thoroughly evaluated, analyzed, and compared between simulation and experiments.
The results from both simulation and experiments collectively demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers and the system’s ability to swing up from a stable position to an unstable position. iii Abstract (in Vietnamese) Các hệ thống cánh tay robot thiếu dẫn động bao gồm nhiều loại khác nhau như con lắc ngược, con lắc ngược quay, pendubot, bóng và thanh, và nhiều loại khác. Những hệ thống này được sử dụng trong kỹ thuật điều khiển để đánh giá và kiểm nghiệm các phương pháp điều khiển khác nhau, bao gồm điều khiển tuyến tính (như bộ điều khiển chuẩn công nghiệp vi tích phân tỷ lệ (PID) và điều khiển tuyến tính hóa dạng toàn phương (LQR)), điều khiển phi tuyến (như điều khiển trượt và điều khiển backstepping), điều khiển thông minh, điều khiển thích nghi, và nhiều phương pháp khác. Luận văn này tập trung vào hai nhiệm vụ chính: nhận dạng thông số hệ thống và điều khiển hệ thống.
Con lắc ngược quay (RIP) được sử dụng để thực hiện và xác minh các nhiệm vụ này. Đối với việc nhận dạng tham số, chúng tôi nghiên cứu việc sử dụng thuật toán di truyền (GA) để xác định các thông số hệ thống dựa trên thiết lập thực nghiệm. Về điều khiển hệ thống cánh tay robot thiếu dẫn động, chúng tôi thiết kế hai loại bộ điều khiển: điều khiển swing-up, và điều khiển cân bằng. Về điều khiển swing-up, chúng tôi phát triển điều khiển swing-up dựa trên tính thụ động (PBSC) và phương pháp dựa trên năng lượng kết hợp với điều khiển trượt (SMCCEBM).
Về điều khiển cân bằng, chúng tôi tập trung vào bộ tuyến tính hóa dạng toàn phương (LQR) và điều khiển dựa trên tính thụ động (PBC). Sau đó, chúng tôi tập trung vào phát triển hai bộ điều khiển chuyển đổi là PBSC-LQR và SMCCEBM-LQR. Hiệu suất của hệ thống được so sánh và thảo luận trong luận văn này để làm nổi bật hiệu suất vượt trội của hệ thống với PBSC-LQR so với SMCCEBM- LQR. Bên cạnh đó, điều khiển cân bằng sử dụng PBC và LQR cũng được xác minh và thảo luận trong công trình này.
Tất cả kết quả nghiên cứu đều đạt được thông qua việc sử dụng phần mềm Matlab/Simulink và thực nghiệm với một hệ thống RIP thực tế. Đầu ra của hệ thống được đánh giá, phân tích và so sánh kỹ lưỡng giữa mô phỏng và thực nghiệm. Kết quả từ cả mô phỏng và thực nghiệm đều chứng minh hiệu quả của các bộ điều khiển đề xuất và khả năng của hệ thống trong việc quay lên từ vị trí ổn định đến vị trí không ổn định. iv The commitment of the thesis’ author I, Vo Minh Tai, declare that the thesis entitled Passivity-based control of rota- tional inverted pendulum system and the work presented in the thesis are both my own, and have been generated by me as the result of my own original re- search.
I confirm that: • this work was done wholly or mainly while in candidature for a research degree at this University; • where I have consulted the published work of others, this is always clearly attributed; • where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given. With the exception of such quotations, this thesis is entirely my own work; • I have acknowledged all main sources of help; • where the thesis is based on work done by myself jointly with others, I have made clear exactly what was done by others and what I have contributed myself; MASTER STUDENT VO MINH TAI v Contents Task sheet of Master’s Thesis i Acknowledgements ii Abstract (in English) iii Abstract (in Vietnamese) iv The commitment of the thesis’ author v Abbreviations xii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation and problem statement .2 Objectives of the thesis .3 Organization of the thesis .2 Passive system theory .1 Passive systems theory .2 Stability of passive system .3 Passivity-based control. 9 3 Mathematical modeling of rotational inverted pendulum 10 3.1 The RIP dynamic .2 Port controlled Hamiltonian .3 Passivity of the RIP. 18 4 Rotational inverted pendulum identification 20 4.1 Waijung Blockset library .3 Introduction of GA .4 Design of system identification .5 Selection - Crossover - Mutation operations .1 Linear ranking selection operation (LRS) .2 Blend −α crossover (BLX-α) operation .3 Non-uniform mutation operation .6 Pseudo-code of system identification using GA .1 Collecting draw data from RIP system .8 Requirements in control of RIP .1 Controllability of RIP .2 Observability of RIP .1 Linear quadratic regulator .2 Passivity-based control of RIP .1 Feedback passivation control .2 Choice of output .3 Passivity-based swing-up control .4 Swing-up control design using sliding mode technique combined energy- based method.
39 6 Simulation and experimental results 41 6.1 Simulation results of PBSC for RIP .2 Simulation results of SMCCEBM for RIP .3 Control of RIP using LQR .4 Control of RIP using PBSC-LQR .5 Control of RIP using SMCCEBM-LQR .6 Comparison between PBSC-LQR and SMCCEBM-LQR .7 Control of RIP using PBC .8 Comparison of simulation results of PBC and LQR .1 Using LQR to qualify the response of experimental setup with the identified parameters .2 Experimental result of PBSC-LQR for RIP .3 Experimental result of SMCCEBM-LQR for RIP .4 Comparison between PBSC-LQR and SMCCEBM-LQR in ex- periments .5 Experimental results of stabilization control of PBC for RIP. 66 7 Conclusion 68 Publication 69 Bibliography 93 Appendix A 93 VITA 94 viii List of Figures 2.1 The passive memoryless system has algebraic relationships y(u) .2 Removal of shortage of passivity by input-feedforward operation .3 Removal of shortage of passivity by output-feedback operation .4 Simulation program of Example 2. Corresponding of outputs system x1 , x2 ; b. Con- trol input .1 The RIP shown with pendulum inverted .1 The RIP system view during operation with idle state and pendulum stabilized in suspended orientation .2 The RIP view during operation with active control and pendulum sta- bilized in vertical orientation .3 Components of RIP.
System feedback control and sensing is performed in real time by the STM32F407VG Discovery kit with IR2184 motor controller 22 4.5 Hardware connection diagram to control the RIP model using the STM32F407VG Discovery microcontroller .6 Terminal software interface version 1.7 Typical structure of GA .8 Diagram of GA .9 Collecting draw data program .10 Parameters identification program .11 The response of system are compared between simulation and real system 31 5.1 Flow chart of LQR .1 The response of system using PBSC .