ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP. HCM TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA ---------------------------------------- LÊ GIÁP ĐIỀU KHIỂN CẦU TRỤC HOẠT ĐỘNG TRONG KHÔNG GIAN 3 CHIỀU SỬ DỤNG ADAPTIVE COMMAND SHAPING ADAPTIVE COMMAND SHAPING CONTROL OF A 3D OVERHEAD CRANE Chuyên ngành: Kỹ Thuật Cơ Điện Tử Mã số: 60520114 LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH, tháng 07 năm 2018 CÔNG TRÌNH ĐƯỢC HOÀN THÀNH TẠI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA –ĐHQG -HCM Cán bộ hướng dẫn khoa học : PGS.TS Nguyễn Quốc Chí. Cán bộ chấm nhận xét 1 :PGS.TS Nguyễn Duy Anh.
Cán bộ chấm nhận xét 2 :PGS.TS Võ Hoàng Duy. Luận văn thạc sĩ được bảo vệ tại Trường Đại học Bách Khoa, ĐHQG Tp. HCM ngày 04 tháng 07 năm 2018. Thành phần Hội đồng đánh giá luận văn thạc sĩ gồm: 1.Chủ tịch hồi đồng: PGS.TS Nguyễn Tấn Tiến.Thư ký hội đồng: TS.
Ngô Hà Quang Thịnh .Ủy viên phản biện 1: PGS.TS Nguyễn Duy Anh.Ủy viên phản biện 2: TS.Ủy viên hội đồng: TS. Phùng Trí Công. Xác nhận của Chủ tịch Hội đồng đánh giá LV và Trưởng Khoa quản lý chuyên ngành sau khi luận văn đã được sửa chữa (nếu có). CHỦ TỊCH HỘI ĐỒNG TRƯỞNG KHOA PGS.TS NGUYỄN TẤN TIẾN PGS.TS NGUYỄN HỮU LỘC ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP.HCM CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA NAM Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc NHIỆM VỤ LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ Họ tên học viên: LÊ GIÁP MSHV :1670311 Ngày, tháng, năm sinh : 31/03/1989 Nơi sinh : Thừa Thiên Huế Chuyên ngành : Kỹ thuật cơ điện tử Mã số : 60520114 I. TÊN ĐỀ TÀI: - Tiếng Việt: Điều khiển cầu trục hoạt động trong không gian 3 chiều sử dụng adaptive command shaping - Tiếng Anh: Adaptive command shaping control of a 3d overhead crane II. NHIỆM VỤ VÀ NỘI DUNG: - Xây dựng phương trình động lực học của cầu trục hoạt động trông không gian 3 chiều - Xây dựng thuật toán điều khiển adaptive input shaping cho cầu trục hoạt động trong không gian 3 chiều III. NGÀY GIAO NHIỆM VỤ (10/7/2017): IV. NGÀY HOÀN THÀNH NHIỆM VỤ (17/06/2018): V. CÁN BỘ HƯỚNG DẪN : PGS.
NGUYỄN QUỐC CHÍ Tp. HCM, ngày tháng năm 2018 CÁN BỘ HƯỚNG DẪN CHỦ NHIỆM BỘ MÔN ĐÀO TẠO PGS. NGUYỄN QUỐC CHÍ TS. PHẠM CÔNG BẰNG TRƯỞNG KHOA PGS.TS NGUYỄN HỮU LỘC Acknowledgement ACKNOWLEDGEMENT After one year, eventually the thesis “Using adaptive command shaping to control 3-d overhead crane” was accepted.
This thesis obtained positive objectives about theories and simulation experiment. To achieve these results, I was received the significant support from my teachers, parents, and friends. First, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Nguyen, Quoc Chi.
His enthusiastic support and continuous pieces of advice contributed to the completion of my thesis. His encouragement and constructive comments had led me to the right direction. They enriched and improved my work and my knowledge. Without his motivation and instruction, the thesis would have been impossible to be done effectively and timely.
I would like to show my special thanks to my parents for their endless love, care. Without their helping in real life, I can not have enough time to work with this thesis. assistances and motivation that they have saved me. I also want to say thank you to my younger brother, my wife for their support and care all the time.
As last, my deeply thanks to all my friends, especial in the Control and Automation Laboratory during the time I study and work in Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology. Their kindly help, care, motivation gave me the motivation to overcome many troubles in researching, during the process to complete the thesis. I declare that the thesis has been done without any plagiarism violations and does not conflict with any issue in ethics. Ho Chi Minh City, 17/6/2018 Giap Le 1 Abstract ABSTRACT In this thesis, an adaptive command shaping control of a 3-D overhead crane is proposed.
The proposed control scheme is to suppress the sway angles of the payload and to drive the trolley of the overhead crane to the desired position. The Euler-Lagrange method is employed to derive a dynamic model of the overhead crane, which is a nonlinear model. For convenience to design the input shaper, the nonlinear dynamic model is linearized. To track the command shaping generated from the input shaper, LQR control scheme is employed.
The LQR controller guarantees the positions of the trolley and the length of cable, together with the adaptive command shaping method is used to minimizing the sway angles of the payload. Numerical simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method. 2 Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .2 TABLE OF CONTENTS .3 LIST OF FIGURES. General review of cranes and some factual applications.
Operation of overhead crane. Modeling of an overhead crane. Control of 3-D overhead cranes. Objectives of the thesis:.
Organization of the thesis:. Euler-Lagrange equations [27]:. Input shaping (IS) method:. OVERHEAD CRANE DYNAMICS MODEL.
Overhead crane modeling:. System linearizing and oscillation specifications:. INPUT SHAPING METHOD. ZV Input shaping with 3-D overhead crane:.
Experiment in Matlab® simulation:. ADAPTIVE INPUT SHAPING IN 3-D OVERHEAD CRANE. ZV input shaper with variable cable length of 3-D overhead crane. Adaptive input shaping method (AIS) applied in 3-D overhead crane .57 3 List of figures LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.
3-D Overhead crane model. Diagram of input shaping concept. 3-D Overhead crank principle diagram. Sway angles of the payload.
LQR Position Tracking Control Applied on 3-D Crane. Input Shaping applied on 3-D crane control. Positions Response of 3-D overhead crane on X-Axis. Positions Response of 3-D overhead crane on Y-Axis.
Angle response with and without input. Angle response with and without input. Length of the cable/height of the payload. Desired length of cable in changing follow the process.
Positions Response on X-Axis ( l is a variable). Positions Response on Y-Axis ( l is a variable). Cable Length Response. Response of with input shaping method ( l is a variable).
Response of with input shaping method ( l is a variable). Adaptive Input Shaping Method. X-axis response in IS method and AIS method. Y-axis response in IS method and AIS method.
Cable length responses in IS method and AIS method. response in IS method and AIS method. response in IS method and AIS method. X inputs after using Input Shaper and Adaptive Input Shaper.52 4 List of figures Figure 5.
Y inputs after using Input Shaper and Adaptive Input Shaper.54 5 Chapter 1: Introduction CHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the principles and the applications of overhead crane system will be introduced. Secondly, different methods about control overhead crane are considered to clarify some techniques for control overhead crane. Therefore, the advantages and disadvantages of some existing control method are recorded. Finally, a brief control method for this thesis will be suggested to increase the effectiveness of an old method in control overhead crane.General review of cranes and some factual applications Cranes are equipment which are used to lifting and transfer heavy weight objects in working fields, stores, seaport, etc.
Nowadays, the demands for lifting, loading and unloading of goods, materials, equipment whose loads exceed human capacity are very large, so the cranes are now widely used. According to the working condition, cranes are built in many different types like mobile cranes, tower cranes, floating cranes, overhead cranes, etc. Mobile cranes can be moved within a site or even in public traffic, giving them great flexibility. They can be either mobile wheeled, truck-mounted, track-mounted (Figure 1.
This is the most standard and versatile type of crane used in reality today. (Images from http://www.com/en/psv/products/truck-crane/stc750 ) 6 Chapter 1: Introduction Figure 1. (Images from https://denverinfill.com/blog/2016/12/tower-crane-census-winter- 2016.html ) The tower crane is a modern form of a balance crane. When fixed to the ground, tower cranes will often give the best combination of height and lifting capacity and are also used when constructing tall buildings (Figure 1.
They are used mostly in the construction of high buildings. Floating cranes are mostly used in offshore construction or purpose. They are specialized in the lifting of heavy loads like bridge sections, offshore-rig construction, etc. They are also called crane ship, crane vessel.
They can also be used to load or unload ships or lift sunken ships from the water (Figure 1. (Images from https://www.com/events/breakbulk-china- 2018/preview/hkzm-bridge/ 7 Chapter 1: Introduction The overhead cranes (also referred to as bridge cranes) are cranes with a lifting system like hoist or open winch, which can move along the rails on fixed frame (Figure 1. They are of very robust construction with a high level of standardization, making them very modular and adaptable to any need, high reliability components and available for a wide range of applications. They are usually used in stores, factories, seaports, etc.
In seaports, because they are used to move the containers, they also called container crane. Cranes often use steel cable to lift up the cargos. Consequently, when a crane with heavy cargo move, the cargo oscillates and creates a sway angle with vertical line. In reality, this kind of oscillation is harmful for equipment or even man around.
Moreover, time is wasted for waiting this oscillation stops. Thus, the sway angle has to be minimized as small as possible. In conclusion, control a crane in reality need to satisfy two basic goals: (1) Reach to the desired point as soon as possible; (2) Minimize the sway angle of the cargo lifted. This thesis focus on studying 3-D overhead crane with a particular method to control it as follows: (i)Develop a dynamic model of 3-D overhead crane.
(ii)Design an adaptive command shaping control for controlling 3-D overhead crane. (iii)Examining the sway angle in comparing with bared shaping method. (Images from http://www.Operation of overhead crane Overhead cranes are very adaptive with working condition of small space like 8 Chapter 1: Introduction factory, store, etc. Moreover, with simple structure, it can be easily install to many working fields.
These make overhead cranes are really popular in modern industry and reality life.5 describes a basic 3-D overhead crane. It consists a lifting-lowering system which is assembled on a trolley (4) to lift the payload on the hook (1) by cable (3). Trolley can move along the rails (5), which is called bridge or girder. The trolley and girder movements are perpendicular.
Hence, the hook/payload can be move in 3-D space. There are three actuators acting on the girder, the trolley movements and the pay out, pay in the cable. Basic structure of 3-D Overhead Crane (1): Hook (2): Pulleys (3): Cable (4): Lifting-lowering (6): Based frame (5): Rails/bridge/Girder system/Trolley structure 6 5 4 3 2 1 Figure 1. 3-D Overhead crane model.
(Image from http://www.com/underhung-overhead-cranes) In modern industry, overhead cranes are widely used. So that, they need to be increase productivity and the reliability, and also the cheaper cost. The speed of 9 Chapter 1: Introduction process decides the productivity and the economic efficiency. However, increasing speed affect on reliability of the crane.
Moreover, it leads to increasing the payload’s oscillation and takes more waste time. Therefore, to archive both goals, increasing speed of the crane and minimizing the sway angle, automatic control method has to be applied in the working process.Modeling of an overhead crane There are two methods for modeling overhead cranes, which have been using: Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs) [1].ODE model: Figure 1.6 present a diagram of an ODEs model. In ODEs model, payload is assumed as lumped mass model, elasticity of the cable is also ignored. z F Trolley d x friction x(t) θ(t) Payload m Figure 1.