BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO ĐẠI HỌC KINH TÉ THÀNH PHÓ HÒ CHÍ MINH BẢO CẢO TỎNG KÊT ĐÈ TÀI NGHIÊN cứu KHOA HỌC THAM GIA XÉT GIÁI THƯỞNG ‘’NHÀ NGHIÊN cứù TRẺ UEH” NĂM 2024 FACTORS AFFECTING THE FINANCIAL WELL BEING OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN HO CHI MINH CITY Thuộc nhóm chuyên ngành: Toán - Thông kô TP. Hồ Chí Minh, tháng 2/2024 1 ABSTRACT Financial Well-being is critical to achieving and sustaining a high quality of life, both physically and emotionally. Financial health for the next generation is even more crucial when it is the primary resource for the growth of the entire society. The study topic "Factors affecting the Financial Well-being of university students in Ho Chi Minh City" focuses on surveying and assessing the impact of influencing factors.
The study uses both qualitative research approaches (reference to prior studies, group discussions, etc.) and quantitative analysis (correlation analysis, regression analysis, etc.) to explain these points. The topic is based on an examination of elements influencing HCM City students' Financial Well-being, such as their Attitude Towards Money (ATM), Financial Literacy (FL), Financial Socialization Within Family (FSWF), and Financial Stress (FS). The study team gathered 211 valid response sheets and used SPSS software to conduct scale reliability analysis using Cronbach Alpha's coefficient, exploratory factor analysis EFA, and regression analysis. According to the data gathered, Attitude Towards Money has the largest influence on Financial Well-being.
Financial Literacy and Financial Socialization Within Family are also important variables in students' Financial Well-being. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the factor of Financial Stress has no beneficial influence on the Financial Well-being of HCM City students. Based on the findings, the authors devised methods and programs to assist HCM City students in improving their financial health. Keywords: Financial Well-being, Attitude Towards Money, Financial Literacy, Financial Socialization Within Family, Financial Stress.
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 2 LIST OF TABLES. 5 LIST OF FIGURES.6 LIST OF ACRONYMS.
Reasons for choosing the research topic:. Objects and scope of the study:. 9 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASIS, RELATED RESEARCH, AND PROPOSED RESEARCH MODEL. Financial Well-being:.
Attitude Towards Money:. Financial Socialization Within Family:. Financial Well-being of young adults in Hanoi: The roles of financial discussion, Financial Literacy and Attitude Towards Money - Nguyên Vân Hà and Truong Hoàng Nam - Foreign Trade University in Ha Noi:. Impact of Financial Literacy on Vietnamese students' spending management - Khúc Thê Anh, Bùi Kiên Trung, and Nguyền Minh Phương:.
Factors Affecting Subjective Financial Well-being of Emerging Adults in Malaysia - Min Wen Loo, Yoke Chin Kuah, and Feng Mei Liew:. Attitude Towards Money:. Financial Socialization Within Family:. Proposed research model:.
17 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS. Research scope and object:. Financial Well-being variable scale (FWB):. Attitude Towards Money variable scale(ATM):.
Financial Literacy variable scale (FL):. Financial Socialization Within Family variable scale (FSWF):. Financial Stress variable scale (FS):. Demographic profile of respondents:.
Quantitative study design:. Data collection method:. Data analysis method:. Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Analysis:.
Analysis of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA):. Pearson correlation analysis:. Linear Regression Analysis:. 24 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH RESULT.
Descriptive statistics of the survey sample:. Survey sample statistics:. Descriptive statistics of observed variables:. Reliability check: Cronbach Alpha:.
Validity check: EFA - exploratory factor analysis:. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) Analysis:. The explanatory power of the model:. Testing the Significance of the Overall Model:.
Check the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable - Hypothesis Testing:. Assumptions of the multiple regression model:. Assumption of multicollinearity:. Assumptions about the residual normal distribution:.
Assumption about no multicollinearity V1F:. 45 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. Attitude Towards Money:. Financial Socialization Within Family:.
Limitation and Development:. 59 Appendix 1: Question list.59 Appendix 2: Result of descriptive statistics. 62 Appendix 3: Result of Cronbach Alpha. 63 Appendix 4: Result of EFA (1).
64 Appendix 5: Result of EFA (2). 65 Appendix 6: Pearson Correlation. 66 Appendix 7: Regression Analysis. 66 Appendix 8: Tests of normality.67 5 LIST OF TABLES Table 4.
Descriptive statistics for quantitative variables Table 4. Reliability of scale “Attitude Towards Money” Table 4. Reliability of scale “Financial Literacy" Table 4. Reliability of scale “Financial Socialization Within Family" Table 4.
Reliability of scale “Financial Stress" (1) Table 4. Reliability of scale “Financial Stress" (2) Table 4. Reliability of scale “Financial Well-being" Table 4. Results of KMO and Bartlett tests (1) Table 4.
Result ofEFA(l) Table 4. Results of KMO and Bartlett tests (2) Table 4. Result ofEFA(2) Table 4. Pearson Correlation Table Table 4.
Model Fit Table Table 4. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) table Table 4. Regression table Table 4. Tests of Normality 6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.
Proposed research model of Nguyen Vân Hà and Trương Hoàng Nam (2022) Figure 2. Proposed research model of Khúc The Anh, Bùi Kiên Trung, and Nguyen Minh Phương (2022) Figure 2. Proposed research model of Min Wen Loo, Yoke Chin Kuah, and Feng Mei Liew (2023) Figure 2. Proposed research model Figure 4.
Respondents by gender. Respondents by student’s year. Respondents by employment status. Respondents by financially independent.
Research result Figure 4. Normalized Residual Frequency chart Scatter Plot 7 LIST OF ACRONYMS Symbol Meaning ADB Asian Development Bank ATM Attitude Towards Money EFA Exploratory factor analysis FL Financial Literacy FS Financial Stress FSWF Financial Socialization Within Family FWB Financial Well-being HCM Flo Chi Minh KMO Kaiser - Meyer - Olkin OLS Ordinary least squares SEM Structural Equation Modeling SFWB Subjective Financial Well-being Sig. Observed significance level SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences VIF Variance inflation factor 8 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Reasons for choosing the research topic: According to information from the Ministry of Finance's electronic portal (1) in 2018, Vietnam's financial inclusion indõex was very low, specifically ranking 112th out of 176 countries worldwide and 22nd out of 37 developing countries in Asia.
In the “Kinh Tê Đô Thị" newspaper (2) in 2022, it was reported that in the survey "Financial Literacy around the world" conducted by s&p Global in 2015 to measure the financial knowledge of global citizens, only about 24% of Vietnam's population had knowledge of personal financial management, while the world average was 33%. According to another study by the ADB Institute titled "Fintech and Financial Literacy in Vietnam" published in 2020, Financial Literacy in Vietnam is still much lower compared to China, South Korea, and other countries in the Southeast Asian region. In addition, survey results in the period 2013-2015 according to Master Card Financial show that Vietnam's financial literacy index in Southeast Asia ranked 12/16, 11/16 and 16/17 (Tran Thanh Thu and Dao Hong Nhung, 2020). OECD survey results show that Vietnam's financial literacy index reached 11.6 points, only higher than Cambodia, lower than some countries in Southeast Asia.
Due to the current circumstances, a significant number of Vietnamese people lack the knowledge and skills to effectively handle financial problems. Therefore, it raises the need to solve this problem by enhancing the Financial Well-being of them, with one potential solution is improving Financial Literacy. However, to gain a better understanding of the issue and develop appropriate solutions, the research team has decided to focus on a specific group of individuals to identify factors that influence their Financial Well-being and propose effective solutions. Understanding the significant impact of the issue and the necessity to solve this major concern, the research topic is initiated to study the Financial Well-being of university students - a group regarded as the "cornerstone of society and the future leaders of Vietnam" (according to former President of Vietnam, Nguyen Xuan Phuc) (3).
Consequently, the aim is to propose timely solutions with high effectiveness in improving specifically the financial health of students, and generally, the Vietnamese 9 population, which contributes to the greater development of each individual to enhance the position of the country's economy. Research objectives: Measure and evaluate the factors affecting the Financial Well-being of university students in Ho Chi Minh City. Propose some recommendations to improve the Financial Well-being of the research group. Objects and scope of the study: 1.
Research subjects: Subject: Factors affecting the Financial Well-being of university students in Ho Chi Minh City. Research object: University students in Ho Chi Minh City. Research boundaries: Scale: Students from universities in Ho Chi Minh City. Time: 9 days Sample size: 211 respondents.
10 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASIS, RELATED RESEARCH, AND PROPOSED RESEARCH MODEL 2. Financial Well-being: Previous research on the topic of Financial Well-being has defined Financial Well-being in two ways: subjective and objective. Financial Well-being is subjectively determined by an individual's perspective and appraisal of one's financial circumstances. Financial Well-being is expressed in parameters such as personal income, financial self-sufficiency, and so on, regardless of the purpose.
However, the parts of Financial Well-being are still not defined or stated. In the study of Bruggen et al. (2017), the article defines the concept of Financial Well-being subjectively as follows: Financial Well-being is the perception of being able to sustain current and anticipated desired living standards and financial freedom. This notion implies that Financial Well-being can only be judged and defined by an individual, both now and in the future.
Living standards refer to how an individual wants to live his or her life, as well as financial decisions and goals. Furthermore, financial freedom permits individuals to make life decisions without fear of financial repercussions. Attitude Towards Money: According to Utkarsh et al. (2020), attitude towards money is an individual's tendency to be financially prepared for the future, reflecting a tendency to save money and manage spending.
With the same opinion, Rai et al. (2019) defined financial attitude as the capability of an individual to plan, maintain or improve his financial situation. This attitude further motivates individuals to effectively manage their finances by utilizing available financial information. As a result, Financial Literacy enables individuals to make smarter financial decisions than others.
Rai et al. (2019) concluded that Financial Literacy can lead to a positive attitude, or vice versa. However, even if individuals possess adequate financial knowledge, a negative financial attitude can still have an impact. In addition, it is also defined as an individual's psychological attitude toward a particular financial activity, it is the evaluation of ideas, events, or objects (Yong et al.
Financial Literacy: According to Lusardi and Mitchell (2014), Financial Literacy is the ability of people to comprehend economic information and make creative decisions regarding financial planning, accumulating assets and obligations, and pensions. People who are financially knowledgeable can achieve above-average predicted returns on their investments. Financial Literacy aims at long-term goals through planning from the present to the future and is a measure to evaluate the ability to grasp knowledge about the market, financial instruments, and financial information processing capability. In recent years, Financial Literacy has attracted the attention of a wide range of large banking institutions, government agencies, grass-roots consumer and community interest groups, and other organizations (Braunstein & Welch, 2002).
Many studies, however, have raised concerns regarding young people's Financial Literacy today. According to Lusardi el al. (2010), just 27% of the 7000 young people tested understood baseline discovery, risk diversification, and result calculation. In their research, Danes and Hira (1987) proposed that students who lack Financial Literacy will face more financial issues now and in the future.
Financial Socialization Within Family: Individuals gain information, skills, and value dispositions via the process of socialization. People learn about finances via socialization agents such as parents, siblings, friends, religion, schools, and so on. According to Danes (1994), the family is a highly significant socialization agent for money use. It functions by facilitating the development of individual human resource traits through the provision of financial information networks, grants, and exchanges of financial and social-psychological resources, financial role models, and resources and surroundings.
The family has a significant impact on children's first perceptions of money as well as the habits that affect their current and future Financial Well-being. Furthermore, as children age and start their own families, they attempt to imitate the financial behavior patterns that they learned as children (Danes & Yang, 2014).