VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITTY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ NGỌC MAI USING SEMANTIC MAPPING TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY RETENTION Sử dụng sơ đồ ngữ nghĩa trong việc phát triển ghi nhớ từ vựng của học sinh M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Major: English Teaching Methodology Code: 8140231.01 HA NOI – 2024 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITTY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ NGỌC MAI USING SEMANTIC MAPPING TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY RETENTION Sử dụng sơ đồ ngữ nghĩa trong việc phát triển ghi nhớ từ vựng của học sinh M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Major: English Teaching Methodology Code: 8140231. Nguyễn Thị Minh Trâm Date: ……/…….
Nguyễn Thị Minh Trâm HA NOI – 2024 DECLARATION I hereby certify that the minor thesis entitled “Using Semantic Mapping to Enhance Students’ Vocabulary Retention”, which is summited in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in English Language Teaching Methodology at Faculty of Post- graduate Studies, University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi is the result of my own work. I have provided fully documented references to the work of others. The material in this thesis has not been submitted to any other university or institution wholly and partially. 2024 Nguyen Thi Ngoc Mai Approved by SUPERVISOR (Signature and full name) Dr.
Nguyen Thi Minh Tram i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I want to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Nguyen Thi Minh Tram, whose unwavering guidance, expertise, and patience have been invaluable throughout the entire journey of completing this thesis. Her insightful answers, encouragement, and unwavering support have not only enriched my academic experience but also propelled me towards achieving this significant milestone in my academic journey. I am profoundly grateful for her mentorship and dedication, without which this accomplishment would not have been possible.
I would also like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to my students who generously participated in this study. Their active engagement, enthusiasm, and passion for learning have been a constant source of inspiration for me. Furthermore, I am gratefully indebted to my family members and friends for encouraging me to embark on this journey, tolerating all my mood swings and continuously providing me with emotional support along the way. It is a sheer pleasure to have your company through all ups and downs of this ride.
Lastly, I want to acknowledge myself for staying committed and dedicated to this journey. It has been a challenging but rewarding experience, and I am proud of the progress I have made. With deepest gratitude, Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Mai ii ABSTRACT This research investigates the effectiveness of semantic mapping in bolstering vocabulary retention of learners with low English proficiency levels in the context of a secondary school in Hanoi, Vietnam. This research aims at improving students’ vocabulary retention based on vocabulary knowledge, namely pronunciation, meaning, spelling, collocation, and word relations by using semantic mapping.
Furthermore, the study wants to find out the students’ attitude towards the implementation of semantic mapping. This is action research which utilized a mix-methods research of qualitative and quantitative approaches including a pre- test, a post-test, a questionnaire and an interview. Findings reveal significant improvements in students' vocabulary retention following the implementation of semantic mapping techniques with 48 seventh-grade students. Additionally, the study unveils heightened motivation, increased autonomy in learning, enhanced creativity, and greater classroom engagement among participants.
However, despite these promising outcomes, the research identifies several challenges associated with semantic mapping, including time pressure, peer pressure, feelings of overwhelm, and limited background knowledge. It is hoped that this research offers valuable insights into the potential of semantic mapping as a pedagogical strategy to enhance vocabulary retention, particularly among students with low English proficiency levels. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .iii LIST OF TABLES .vii LIST OF FIGURES .viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. Research aim and questions.
Significance of the study. Scope of the study. Method of the study. Structure of the thesis.
3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. Indicators of vocabulary knowledge. Overview of vocabulary retention. Factors affecting vocabulary retention.
Procedures for using semantic mapping. Benefits of using semantic mapping. Challenges of using semantic mapping. Working conceptual framework.
Review of related studies. Summary of the chapter. The context of the study. Rationale for the use of Action Research.
Model of Action Research. Semi-structured interview. Data collection procedure. Data analysis and procedure.
Summary of the chapter. 29 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION. The improvement of students’ vocabulary retention. Semi-instructed interview.
Students’ attitude towards the application of semantic mapping to enhance vocabulary retention. Motivation for learners. Engagement in learning activity and classroom. Remembering and Recalling.
Comparison with traditional methods. Discussion on the enhancement of students’ vocabulary retention after the intervention. Discussion on students’ attitudes towards the implementation of semantic mapping on vocabulary. Summary of the chapter.
Limitations of the study. Suggestions for further study .I Appendix 1: Example of a lesson plan using semantic mapping .I Appendix 2: Pretest and post-test. VII Appendix 4: The semi-instructed interview.IX Appendix 5: Pretest’s result .XI Appendix 6: Post-test’s result. XIII Appendix 7: The action plan for the implementation.
XV vi LIST OF TABLES Table 3.2 Steps in action research (Nunan, 1992, p.1a Descriptive statistics of post-test scores .1b Paired Sample Test .1c Comparing the specific components from the pre-test and post-test results .1 Motivation for learners .2 Usefulness of semantic mapping .4 Remembering and Recalling.5 Comparison with traditional methods. 45 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.2 Forgetting Curve (Ebbinghaus, 1964, as cited in Li, 2017, p.2 Semantic mapping of transportation (Badr & Abu-Ayyash, 2019, p.5 Working conceptual framework. 16 viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the background of this research in five sections. The first section indicates and explains the reasons to apply semantic mapping on teaching students’ vocabulary.
The next section then gives background information about the study setting. The third and the fourth parts clarify what key terms relating to this research issue particularly mean in the context of this study and outline research questions and objectives respectively. The last section outlines the structure of this study. Rationale Vocabulary plays a crucial part in the success of foreign language learning (Schmitt, 2014).
A learner with limited vocabulary size is likely to performpoorly in aspects of language. In other words, vocabulary is the first aspect that students have to learn if they learn a language. Moreover, it could establish a concrete foundation for both the language learning process and real-life communication. Learning vocabulary is also said to be one of the most challenging aspects of studying any foreign language (Barcroft, 2002); moreover, insufficient knowledge of vocabulary could cause several problems for students.
Strategies of language learning and teaching have been investigated to lend an impetus to the effective ways of both memorization, classroom instruction as well as the teaching methods. For learners, vocabulary learning strategies can make a significant contribution to the success of language learning and give stimulation for self-study, but these strategies need to be well- informed by teachers or students’ responsibility for vocabulary learning. In the teaching process, teachers likely encounter questions about the best or the most effective ways to memorize new words. According to Vu and Peters (2021), Vietnamese learners have several avenues for vocabulary acquisition, such as exposure to input through various media, focused tasks that encourage active learning, and technology-assisted learning platforms.
However, challenges persist. The emphasis may remain solely on the form and meaning of words, neglecting practical application. Students might also lack effective vocabulary learning strategies and revision techniques, hindering long-term retention. Particularly, as observed in my teaching context, the students of grade seven in this research have low vocabulary retention.
They have difficulty in remembering and recalling the learnt words. In fact, they often depend on Google Translate or other applications on their phones to find the meaning of the taught 1 words then they tend to forget about them. Students often faced significant difficulties in learning and retaining vocabulary. One of the primary challenges was remembering the pronunciation of new words, which led to confusion and miscommunication.
Additionally, students frequently struggled with the proper combination of words in collocations, mixing up nouns, adjectives, and other parts of speech. This confusion was compounded by low motivation and engagement during vocabulary retention activities, making it hard for them to stay focused and committed to the learning process. Moreover, there was often not enough meaningful exposure to new vocabulary, limiting opportunities for students to encounter and practice new words in varied and authentic contexts. The lack of consistent and effective revision further hindered their ability to retain vocabulary over time.
Furthermore, they often found it challenging to connect new words to relevant contexts, resulting in an inability to retain the vocabulary. Hence, this research focuses on applying semantic mapping to teaching vocabulary. Semantic mapping is one of the potential strategies for teaching vocabulary. It can also be used as a visual strategy for vocabulary enhancement in categories with related words (Khoii & Sharififar, 2013).
Hence, it helps students to find the relationship among the lexical items. The teacher could utilize this teaching strategy, which can not only draw more students’ attention to the new words, but also help them to attain the conceptual connection between words. For all the aforementioned reasons, this action research was conducted to improve the students’ vocabulary retention and their attitude towards the strategy. Research aim and questions This study is aimed to improve grade 7 students’ vocabulary retention through semantic mapping and to investigate students’ perception towards this teaching technique.
Accordingly, the two research questions are as follows. To what extent does semantic mapping help to enhance the students' English vocabulary retention? 2.What is the students’ attitude toward the implementation of semantic mapping for English vocabulary retention? 1. Significance of the study In completion, this study would hopefully offer certain benefits to English teachers, students as well as researchers who share an interest in applying semantic mapping in teaching vocabulary to students. Firstly, the research provides students a chance to view English vocabulary in a network 2 where words are connected to each other.
This is expected to assist students in reflecting and recalling the new words in their own way, which may help their learning process more efficiently. Furthermore, the implementation of semantic mapping as a strategy for teaching vocabulary not only enhances students' retention but also provides teachers who are in the similar context with a valuable tool to discern and comprehend their students' individual learning styles. Finally, this study is expected to serve as a source of information for scholars who are interested in the link between semantic mapping and vocabulary teaching strategy. Although this action research does not intend to generalize the effectiveness of using semantic mapping to teach vocabulary in every single class of English, it might lay the foundation for more extensive research.
Scope of the study The study only focuses on the influence of semantic mapping on students’ vocabulary retention. Therefore, vocabulary mastery and practice are outside the scope of inquiry. Besides, in the scale of an action research, the present study only collect data from 48 participants at grade 7 whose English level was around A1 according to CEFR (British Council, 2001) in the duration of eight weeks in a secondary school in Hanoi. Method of the study This study is conducted as an action research which employs both qualitative and quantitative method of data collection and data analysis.
Data collection instrument includes two tests, a questionnaire and an interview to answer the two research questions related to the impact of semantic mapping on students’ vocabulary retention and their attitude. The rationale for the choice of action research and the procedure of data collection and analysis are detailed in the methodology chapter.