Bộ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO ĐẠI HỌC KINH TÉ THÀNH PHÓ HÒ CHÍ MINH BÁO CÁO TÔNG KÉT ĐÈ TÀI NGHIÊN củư KHOA HỌC THAM GIA XÉT GIẢI THƯỞNG ‘’NHÀ NGHIÊN cứu TRẺ UEH” NĂM 2024 KOLS’ PERCEIVED PERSUASIVENESS: CONSUMER IMPULSE BUYING BEHAVIOR ON KOLS’ TIKTOK LIVE STREAMING COMMERCE Thuộc nhóm chuyên ngành: Marketing TP. Hồ Chí Minh, tháng 2/2024 Abstract The emergence of Key opinion leaders (KOLs) in the field of commerce live streaming has significantly improved customers' propensity for impulse purchases. Their characteristics and those of their live streams, particularly TikTok ones, are believed to have a positive influence on their perceived persuasiveness and thus impact consumers' preferences and buying behavior. Thanks to its captivating and visually appealing content, TikTok live streaming commerce has evolved into a preferred choice for companies seeking to expand their customer base and advertise their merchandise to a broader audience.
KOLs frequently partner with brands to provide limited-time offers, such as exclusive discounts or promotional codes, during their live streams. These special incentives arc designed to cultivate a sense of exclusivity and value for money, ultimately encouraging viewers to make impulsive purchases or else they will lose attractive deals due to limited numbers and time, which can be seen as FOMO effects. In this dissertation, we investigated the impact of KOLs' characteristics and those of TikTok live streaming commerce on consumers' impulse buying behavior under the moderating effects of FOMO and the liking cents-off of consumers. A structural equation model is employed to test the research framework with 172 users who have experienced shopping during a KOLs' TikTok live stream in Ho Chi Minh City.
Our theme is to identify and evaluate the persuasiveness of KOLs that affect customers' impulse purchase intentions on TikTok live streaming commerce. The factors, including KOLs’ characteristics, characteristics of KOLs' TikTok live streaming commerce, FOMO and liking cents-off promotions, are conducted under in-depth investigation. After that, both qualitative and quantitative methods are applied to analyze the data collected from in-depth interviews and online surveys. In terms of qualitative approaches, we held in-depth interviews with 6 students from multiple universities in Ho Chi Minh City.
In terms of quantitative methods, we conducted an online survey with a sample size of 165 students living in Ho Chi Minh City. With this report, we look forward to contributing our findings to further studies and recommending some potential methods to improve KOLs' persuasiveness during their live streaming commerce on the TikTok platform. Keywords: TikTok Live Streaming Commerce, KOLs ’ characteristics, KOLs' Persuasiveness, Impulse buying, FOMO, Cents-off. Table of contents Abstract.
List of abbreviations. List of tables. List of figures.1 Research background and statement of the problem.2 Scope of study. 3 CHAPTER 02: LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT.1 Key Opinion Leaders (KOL) Characteristics.1 Key Opinion Leaders.2 Characteristics of KOLs’ Live Streaming Commerce.4 Liking Cents-off.7 Prior Relevant Studies.8 Research framework and hypothesis development.1 Characteristics of KOL on KOLs' persuasiveness.2 Characteristics of KOLs' live-streaming commerce on perceived persuasiveness.3 Perceived persuasiveness to impulse buying.4 The moderating effect of liking cents-off on customers' impulse buying 16 2.5 The moderating effect of FOMO on customers' impulse buying.9 summarV ••••••••••••■•••••••••••••■••••••••••••••••■••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 18 CHAPTER 03: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.4 Data analysis process.1 Descriptive statistics analysis.3 Assessing Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient.4 Assessing Composite Reliability.5 Assessing Convergent Validity.6 Assessing Discriminant Validity.5 Assessing Structural Model.1 Assessing collinearity of the independent variables.2 Relationship in structural model.3 Assessing Coefficient of Determination (R2).4 Assessing Effect Size 12.5 Assessing the relevance of Ọ2.
33 CHAPTER 04: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS.2 Summary of key findings.1 Key Opinion Leaders (KOL) Characteristics.2 Characteristics of KOLs’ TikTok Live Streaming Commerce.3 Liking cents-off & FOMO.1 Assessment of measurement scales.2 Assessment of structural model. 50 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. TRANSCRIPT OF IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW. QUESTIONNAIRE - VIETNAMESE VERSION.
BOOTSTRAPPING RESULTS FOR HYPOTHESIS TESTING87 List of abbreviations ATT: Attractiveness AVE: Average variance extracted CMB: Common method bias CR: Composite reliability EXP: Expertise FOMO: Fear of missing out HTMT: Helerotrait-Monotrait ratio IB: Impulse buying I: Interactivity KOL: Key opinion leader LCO: Liking cents-off POP: Popularity PP: Perceived persuasiveness TRU: Trustworthiness VIF: Variance inflation factor VV: Vividness WOM: Worth of mouth List of tables Table 2.1 Prior relevant study Table 3.1 Measurement scale Table 3.2 Sample demographic characteristics Tabic 4.1 Scale accuracy analysis Table 4.2 Scale accuracy analysis: Discriminant validity assessment Table 4.3 Formative measurement model results Table 4.4 Inner VIF Values Table 4.5 Structural model quality Table 4.6 Structural model results Table 4.7 Results of testing the magnitude of the effect fz in the model List of figures Figure 2.1 The research framework and hypothesis Figure 3.1 Research process Figure 4.1 Research model in Stage I Figure 4.2 Research model in Stage II Figure 4.3 The impact of factors 1 CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research background and statement of the problem The digital landscape has changed dramatically in recent years, with social media platforms emerging as powerful communication, interaction, and commerce tools. A notable aspect of this evolution is the rise of influencers and their branding, where KOLs wield significant influence over the opinions and behaviors of others (Steensma, 2015). According to Turcotte et al. (2015), the importance of opinion leaders in the technological age cannot be overstated, especially with the rise of social networks.
Social media such as Facebook, YouTube, and TikTok have provided online opinion leaders with a platform to act as brand ambassadors and influencers, revolutionizing communication, facilitating the expansion of internet commerce, and offering new avenues for self-expression. On these platforms, KOLs engage with their followers, providing information that resonates with customer interests. This online presence enables them to amass large followings and exert influence over consumer preferences and behaviors. The emergence of platforms like TikTok, with its unique short-form video format, has ushered in innovative ways for influencers to connect with their audiences, notably through the advent of live streaming.
TikTok live streaming commerce, a fusion of live streaming and c-commcrcc, allows creators, influencers, and brands to interact with their audience in real-time while simultaneously showcasing and selling products. TikTok live commerce typically works as follows: Creators or brands can start a live stream, particularly for selling purposes, on their TikTok account. During the live stream, hosts can showcase products and demonstrate how to use them. These products are usually linked to an e-commerce system, allowing viewers to buy them directly from the TikTok app.
TikTok users can participate, leave comments, see the number of sales of a product, add displayed items to their shopping carl, and make purchases all within an immersive app. According to TikTok Marketing Science Global LIVE Landscape Study (2021) conducted by Ipsos, one in five live streaming users watch TikTok live, and of that group, sixty-two percent watch it every day; users on TikTok are fifty percent more interested in branded live content than non-TikTok users; fifty percent of TikTok users have bought something after watching TikTok live. This means that TikTok live streaming commerce has not only grown in popularity as a platform for brands to reach and engage with their target audience in a more interactive manner but also served as a thriving marketplace. KOLs, with the ability to shape opinions and behaviors, become instrumental players in the realm of TikTok live streaming commerce.
2 TikTok live streaming commerce is becoming increasingly popular in Vietnam, especially among the younger demographic. In this constantly evolving landscape shaped by KOLs and the surge of TikTok live streaming commerce, a compelling question arises: What is the impact of Key Opinion Leaders' Persuasiveness on Impulse Buying Behavior during TikTok Live Streaming Commerce? As we turn our attention to the upcoming research, the focus will be on KOL Vo Ha Linh - a mega influencer in Vietnam - and her live streaming commerce activities on TikTok. This research aims to delve into the specific dynamics of Vo Ha Linh, positioned as a representative for a KOL within the TikTok ecosystem, shedding light on how her presence and influence contribute to the broader landscape of TikTok live streaming commerce. By putting KOL Vo Ha Linh into perspective, the study endeavors to uncover valuable insights that contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding the effect of the persuasiveness of KOLs on consumers' impulse buying behavior.2 Research objectives The goal of this study is to illustrate the association between KOLs' characteristics (popularity, and credibility) as well as those of their TikTok live streaming commerce ( vividness, and interactivity) that form the perceived persuasiveness of a KOL.
These features together illustrate how the perceived persuasiveness of KOLs affects impulse buying while watching TikTok live stream. This research will also discuss the moderating effect of FOMO and the liking cents-off of consumers on the relationship between KOLs' persuasiveness and consumers' impulse buying behavior. Data for this study was collected online from a total of 271 consumers who have heard of Ha Linh Official's live streaming commerce on TikTok, of which 216 users have participated in her live streaming commerce. Interviews with 6 people were also conducted, all of whom have seen Ha Linh Official's shopping livestream on TikTok.1 Research subjects Research subjects: Relevant factors that affect KOLs’ persuasiveness and how they influence consumers' impulsive behavior.
Participants: Gen z living and studying in Ho Chi Minh City who have experienced shopping via Vo Fla Linh’s TikTok live streaming commerce.2 Scope of study About space: This survey was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. About time: Data was gathered over the course of 2 months in 2023 (October to November) at various times of day and on both weekdays and weekends.4 Research method To suit the research objectives, both qualitative and quantitative methods were selected as in this thesis. They are used to measure and determine the influence of KOLs and their TikTok live streaming commerce on customers' impulse buying behavior. (Y) Qualitative research: Adjust and complete the research model and to build a questionnaire about the relevant factors affecting KOLs’ persuasiveness and how it influences consumers' impulsive behavior.
The research was conducted via online in-depth interviews with 6 students in Ho Chi Minh City. (2) Quantitative research: All scales used in the study arc referenced from previous studies and translated into Vietnamese. The questionnaire was designed by researching and modifying it to fit the topic and ensure clarity before the survey. Surveys designed by Google Forms and sent through social networking sites.
After collecting a sufficient number of samples, the data will be processed and analyzed through SPSS 26.0 software and SmartPLS 4.5 Research structure The thesis consists of 5 specific chapters: Chapter 01: Introduction: Research background and statement of the problem, Research objectives, Research objects, Research method. Chapter 02: Theoretical framework and research model: Literature Review; Concepts; Theory; Related research; Conceptual framework and hypotheses development. Chapter 03: Research methodology: Research procedures, Qualitative Research, Quantitative Research: scale, questionnaire, sample, and data collection as well as sample characteristics. Chapter 04: Analyze data and results.
Includes steps: summarize and analyze key findings, evaluation of scale, general method error check, structural model evaluation. Chapter 05: Discussion and conclusion: Discussion, Contribution, Limitations. 4 CHAPTER 02: LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT 2.1 Key Opinion Leaders (KOL) Characteristics 2.1 Key Opinion Leaders The concept of a Key Opinion Leader refers to respected individuals who can influence others’ beliefs and actions (Steensma, 2015). Turcotte et al., (2015) posit that in the age of technology with the development of social networks, opinion leaders’ significance cannot be understated.
Online opinion leaders now have a place to act as brand ambassadors and influencers for goods and services thanks to social media platforms like Facebook, YouTube, and TikTok. These platforms have transformed how people communicate, made substantial contributions to the growth of electronic commerce, and given people a new way to express themselves (Ladhari et al. Opinion leaders can engage with their followers on these platforms and share information that consumers want to know. This research pays special attention to the group of KOL influencers who have more than one million followers on TikTok also known as “Mega/Super Influencers" (Ladhari et al.