Máy Biến Áp: Khái Niệm Cơ Bản, Bảo Trì và Chuẩn Đoán

Trường đại học

Bureau of Reclamation

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

technical document

2005

256
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

40.000 VNĐ

Mục lục chi tiết

PREFACE

1. Introduction to Transformers

1.1. Principle of Operation

1.2. Transformer Voltage and Current

1.3. The Magnetic Circuit

1.4. Single-Phase Transformer Connections for Typical Service to Buildings

1.5. Parallel Operation of Single-Phase Transformers for Additional Capacity

1.6. Three-Phase Transformer Connections

1.7. Wye and Delta Connections

1.8. Three-Phase Connections Using Single-Phase Transformers

1.9. Paralleling Three-Phase Transformers

1.10. Methods of Cooling

1.11. Oil-Filled – Self-Cooled Transformers

1.12. Forced-Air and Forced-Oil-Cooled Transformers

2. Introduction to Transformers (continued)

2.1. Oil-Filled, Inert-Gas System

2.2. Introduction to Reclamation Transformers

2.3. Transformer Cooling Methods Introduction

2.4. Dry-Type Transformers

2.4.1. Potential Problems and Remedial Actions for Dry-Type Transformer Cooling Systems

2.5. Liquid-Immersed Transformers

2.6. Liquid-Immersed, Air-Cooled

2.7. Liquid-Immersed, Air-Cooled/Forced Liquid-Cooled

2.8. Liquid-Immersed, Water-Cooled

2.9. Liquid-Immersed, Forced Liquid-Cooled

2.10. Potential Problems and Remedial Actions for Liquid-Filled Transformer Cooling Systems

2.11. Low Oil Level

3. Oil-Filled Transformer Inspections

3.1. Cooling System Inspections

3.2. Oil-Filled Transformer Inspections

3.3. Top Oil Thermometers

4. Oil-Filled Transformer Inspections (continued)

4.1. Winding Temperature Thermometers

4.1.1. Temperature Indicators Online

4.1.2. Temperature Indicators Offline

4.2. Oil Level Indicators

4.3. Pressure Relief Devices

4.3.1. Newer Pressure Relief Devices

4.3.2. Older Pressure Relief Devices

4.4. Sudden Pressure Relay

4.5. Transformer Bushings: Testing and Maintenance of High-Voltage Bushings

4.6. Oil Preservation Sealing Systems

4.6.1. Sealing Systems Types

4.6.2. Sealed or Pressurized Breathing

4.6.3. Pressurized Inert Gas Sealed System

4.7. Gas Pressure Control Components

4.7.1. High-Pressure Gauge

4.7.2. High-Pressure Regulator

4.7.3. Low-Pressure Regulator

4.7.4. Bypass Valve Assembly

4.8. Sampling and Purge Valve

4.9. Free Breathing Conservator

4.10. Conservator with Bladder or Diaphragm Design

4.11. Auxiliary Tank Sealing System

5. Sealing (Mating) Surface Preparation

5.1. Gasket Sizing for Standard Groove Depths

5.2. Rectangular Nitrile Gaskets

5.3. Bolting Sequences to Avoid Sealing Problems

5.4. Transformer Oil Functions

5.4.1. Dissolved Gas Analysis

5.4.2. Key Gas Method

5.4.2.1. Four-Condition DGA Guide (IEEE C57-104)

5.4.3. Sampling Intervals and Recommended Actions

5.4.4. Dissolved Gas Software

5.5. Diagnosing a Transformer Problem Using Dissolved Gas Analysis and the Duval Triangle

5.5.1. Origin of the Duval Triangle

5.5.2. How to Use the Duval Triangle

5.6. Rogers Ratio Method of DGA

5.7. Carbon Dioxide/Carbon Monoxide Ratio

6. Transformer Oil Functions (continued)

6.1. Dissolved Moisture in Transformer Oil

6.2. Moisture in Transformer Insulation

6.3. Transformer Oil Tests that Should Be Completed Annually with the Dissolved Gas Analysis

6.4. Test for Oxygen Inhibitor

6.5. Oil Treatment Specification

6.6. Taking Oil Samples for DGA

6.6.1. DGA Oil Sample Container

6.6.2. Taking the Sample

6.7. Silicone Oil-Filled Transformers

6.8. Carbon Monoxide in Silicone Transformers

6.9. Comparison of Silicone Oil and Mineral Oil Transformers

6.10. Physical Test Limits

6.11. DC Winding Resistance Measurement

6.12. Core Insulation Resistance and Inadvertent Core Ground Test (Megger®)

9. Doble Tests on Insulation

9.1. Insulation Power Factor Test

9.2. Excitation Current Test

9.3. Percent Impedance/Leakage Reactance Test

9.4. Sweep Frequency Response Analysis Tests

9.5. Fans and Radiators

9.6. Infrared Temperature Analysis

9.7. IR for Transformer Tanks

9.8. IR for Surge Arresters

9.9. IR for Bushings

9.10. IR for Radiators and Cooling Systems

9.11. Corona Scope Scan

9.12. Ultrasonic and Sonic Fault Detection

9.13. Turns Ratio Test

9.14. Estimate of Paper Deterioration (Online)

9.14.1. CO2 and CO Accumulated Total Gas Values

9. Estimate of Paper Deterioration (Online) (continued)

9.1. CO2/CO Ratio

9.2. Estimate of Paper Deterioration (Offline During Internal Inspection)

9.2.1. Degree of Polymerization (DP)

9.3. Transformer Operating History

9.4. Transformer Diagnostics/Condition Assessment Summary

Appendix: Hydroplant Risk Assessment – Transformer Condition Assessment

Acronyms and Abbreviations

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