VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL GRADUATION PROJECT PROJECT NAME Designing an Egg Incubator Control Circuit Using Arduino Student’s name TRAN KIM VAN Hanoi - Year 2024 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL GRADUATION PROJECT PROJECT NAME Designing an Egg Incubator Control Circuit Using Arduino SUPERVISOR: PhD.LE XUAN HAI STUDENT: TRAN KIM VAN STUDENT ID: 18071548 SUBJECT CODE: INS401401 MAJOR: Informatics and Computer Engineering Hanoi - Year 2024 2 THANKS I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Le Xuan Hai for his dedicated guidance and support, which greatly facilitated the completion of the project "Designing an incubator control circuit using Arduino". I would also like to express my sincere thanks to the lecturers of International School – Vietnam National University, Hanoi, as well as my classmates who are doing my graduation project, for their cooperation and support throughout the project. Due to limited knowledge, there may be some shortcomings in our work and I look forward to receiving constructive feedback from teachers and friends so that our project can be further improved.
Finally, I deeply appreciate the professor's thoughtful guidance, which is very important in the successful completion of our graduation project. I would also like to express my sincere thanks to all the lecturers who have taught and supported us throughout our study journey at the school. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS. 4 LIST OF IMAGES.
5 LIST OF TABLES. 7 CHAPTER 1: SYSTEM OVERVIEW. Introduction to egg incubators. STRUCTURE OF AN EGG INCUMER.
Egg tray and rack. Classification of egg incubators. Manual egg incubator. Semi-manual egg incubator.
Industrial egg incubator. INTRODUCING SOME AUTOMATIC EGG INcubators. Mactech MT3000PS 3000 egg incubator. 100 Mic egg incubator.
Introducing Arduino Mega 2560. Detailed technical specifications. Components on the board [3]. Communicate and connect [3].
Community and resources. 28 CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM DESIGN. Analyze problem requirements. Actual binding conditions.
Select components for the system. DHT22 humidity temperature sensor. LM2596 poir conversion circuit. JGA 370-113 gear reduction motor.
12 LED 24V Steam Humidifier Set. Circuit calculation and design. Design of central processing block. Design of low voltage block for SIM module.
peripheral device control blocks. Flow chart of the initialization program algorithm. Flow chart of the loop algorithm. Egg turning program algorithm.
Down button interrupt function algorithm. UP button interrupt algorithm. Menu button interrupt function algorithm. LCD display program algorithm.
Results have not been achieved. Advantages and disadvantages of the model. Direction of topic development. 71 3 LIST OF IMAGES Figure 1.1: Manual egg incubator .2: Semi-manual egg incubator .3: Industrial egg incubator.
Mactech MT3000PS egg incubator. MT300PS egg incubator control panel. 100 MIC egg incubator .8: Arduino Mega 2560 pinout [2] .1: DHT22 humidity temperature sensor .2 : Voltage step-down module LM2596 .5 : Gear reduction motor JGA 370-113 .6 : 12 LED 24V Steam Humidifier Set .8 : Central processing block .9 : Low voltage block for SIM module .10 : Peripheral device control block .13 : Initialization program algorithm.15 : Automatic egg turning program algorithm .16 :: Manual egg turning program algorithm .17 Down button interrupt function algorithm.18 : UP button interrupt function algorithm .19 : Menu button interrupt function algorithm .20 : LCD display function algorithm .1: Inside the egg incubator model .2: Egg incubator control system. 67 5 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Requirements for temperature, humidity, and incubation time of fish types of poultry eggs.
Reason for choosing the topic Choosing the topic "Incubator using microcontroller" is not just a random decision but it is based on specific benefits and high applicability in the field of animal husbandry and agriculture. First of all, applying microcontroller technology to egg incubators brings a series of benefits, including increased production efficiency. Optimizing environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and egg rotation through microcontrollers helps increase egg hatchability and reduce seed damage rate. In addition, microcontrollers also help reduce dependence on human labor, thereby reducing labor effort and saving operating costs.
The ability to automate the egg incubation process also helps control product quality more accurately, thereby ensuring the healthy development of poultry. In addition, microcontrollers also help save energy through optimizing environmental parameters, while reducing negative impacts on the environment. Improving hatching and reproduction rates is also another important benefit that this technology brings, helping to improve production efficiency and market competitiveness. In summary, choosing this topic not only focuses on research and technology development but also aims at practical application to improve performance, product quality and competitiveness of the livestock and agricultural industries.
Objectives of the study The research objective of the project "Egg incubator using microcontroller" is to focus on developing and implementing an automated egg incubator system, using microcontroller technology to optimize the incubation process. eggs and improve production performance. Specifically, the research objectives can be decomposed as follows: 7 - Developing an automatic control system: Building and implementing an automatic control system for the egg incubator, including the design of sensors, measuring devices and electronic components to monitor and adjust Important factors such as temperature, humidity and egg rotation. - Optimize environmental conditions: Research and testing to determine the optimal environmental conditions for egg incubation, including parameters such as temperature, humidity and frequency of egg turning, to enhance hatch rate and egg health.
- Enhance stability and reliability: Develop control algorithms and feedback control systems to ensure the stability and reliability of the egg incubation process, while minimizing risks and errors during the process. - Evaluate performance and economic efficiency: Conduct practical tests and analyze data to evaluate the performance and economic efficiency of the microcontroller egg incubator system, comparing with other methods. tradition and identify strengths and iaknesses. In summary, the research goal of this project is not only to build an automated egg incubator system but also to focus on optimizing the production process and achieving high efficiency and economic efficiency.
• Accuracy and stability of the egg incubation process: Use a microcontroller to control and adjust factors such as temperature, humidity, and exhaust fan to ensure the egg incubation process takes place accurately and accurately. This may include setting up appropriate control algorithms and optimizing parameters. • Optimizing egg incubation performance: Researching how to use microcontrollers to optimize the performance of the egg incubation process. This may include adjusting parameters such as temperature, humidity and incubation time to achieve the best egg hatch rate.
• Remote adjustment and monitoring: Develop a control system capable of remote adjustment and monitoring through the use of inter-network protocols such as Wi-Fi 8 or Bluetooth. This helps users control the egg incubation process remotely via mobile devices or computers. • Developing a friendly user interface: Research on how to develop an easy-to-use and friendly user interface, helping users easily monitor and control the egg incubation process through electronic devices. • Integration of smart sensors: Use microcontroller to integrate smart sensors such as temperature, humidity and light sensors to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the egg incubation process.
• Energy and resource saving research: Consider how microcontrollers can be used to optimize energy and resource use during egg incubation, helping to reduce electricity and water consumption. - Economic efficiency assessment: Analyze the economic efficiency of using microcontrollers in egg incubators, including initial costs, operating costs and cost savings compared to traditional methods. Research scope • Identifying important parameters: Research can begin by identifying important parameters such as temperature, humidity, light and other parameters whose control needs to be focused to achieve incubation. • Hardware and software development: Develop and optimize hardware (including sensors, microcontrollers, other electronic devices) as ill as control software to adjust and monitor important parameters important during egg incubation.
• Model design and testing: Build an incubator model and design experiments to test the performance of the microcontroller control system compared to traditional methods. • Optimize parameters and conditions: Use optimization methods to adjust and improve the performance of the microcontroller control system, including parameters such as temperature, humidity, light and time. 9 • Evaluate performance and energy savings: Evaluate the performance of microcontroller systems compared to traditional methods, as ill as evaluate the potential for energy and resource savings. • Consider scalability and applications: Consider the scalability of the microcontroller system to other applications in the livestock or agricultural industry, as ill as consider further improvements and developments.
Research methods - Refer to the topic.- Electronic circuit design.- Evaluating advantages and disadvantages.- Completing the project. Scientific and practical significance Scientific significance: - Provides extensive knowledge and understanding of how to use microcontroller technology in egg incubation, including the fields of automatic control, electronics, mechanics and agriculture. - Create a theoretical basis and new research methods for research related to microcontrollers in other applications in the livestock and agricultural industries. - Opens up opportunities for the development and application of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning in this field.
Practical significance: - Improve production efficiency in the egg industry, helping to increase output and quality of hatching eggs. - Minimize human errors during egg incubation, ensuring the incubation process takes place accurately and stably. - Save energy and resources thanks to optimizing egg incubation conditions, helping to reduce operating costs and increase competitiveness for livestock enterprises. 10 - Create new products and technology solutions that can be widely applied in the livestock and agricultural industries, and contribute to the sustainable development of this industry.
11 CHAPTER 1: SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1. Introduction to egg incubators Types of poultry eggs vary in temperature, humidity and incubation time. Basically, an automatic egg incubator consists of four stages: temperature, egg turning, humidity, ventilation, and technical parameters that can be adjusted using semiconductor circuits and microcontrollers. In order for the breed to be healthy and for the eggs to have a high hatching rate, the machine must thoroughly solve the above four stages Thermal stage plays the most important role.
If the incubation egg does not have enough heat, the embryo will not develop. To retain heat, the case is designed thickly with good isolation function, contributing to heat retention during poir outages. The machine has a system of resistance wires that have the function of generating heat, each wire has a capacity depending on the volume of the incubator. To close and disconnect electrical circuits and heat-generating resistance wires, contactless electronic relays can be used, using high-capacity tri-ac, and the switch operates with high reliability.
Heat plays the most important role. If the incubation egg does not have enough heat, the embryo will not develop. To retain heat, the cases are designed to be thick and have good isolation functions, contributing to heat retention during poir outages. The machine has a system of resistance wires that have the function of generating heat, each wire has a capacity depending on the volume of the incubator.
To close and disconnect electrical circuits and heat-generating resistance wires, contactless electronic relays can be used, large capacity tri-acs can be used, and the circuit breaker operates with high reliability. Egg turning is the second step in the incubation process. Normally eggs are turned every few hours, each time lasting about 10 minutes. Turning eggs is done slowly to avoid impact and damage to the eggs.
The island will rotate at an angle of no more than 60 degrees or less depending on the design of the egg rack. A normal egg contains 6. During the process of receiving heat to develop into offspring Like, the water will gradually evaporate. The egg incubator must have an automatic humidity supply system that can be adjusted arbitrarily.
Usually incubators have 12 automatic water sprayers to keep the humidity constant depending on the stage of the egg. Ventilation is an indispensable part of the incubation process. Ventilation fans must be fitted with shutters that open automatically each time the fan operates.